UWilliam Swainson, owayengumqokeleli wezitshalo futhi eyisihambi, wayesehlathini laseBrazil ngo-1817. Lapho, wathola izimbali ezinhle kakhulu futhi wanquma ukuzithumela kumcwaningi wezitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo uWilliam Cattley eNgilandi.
Ngemuva konyaka ku-abamba ukushisa Cattleya esinye salezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo zaqhakaza. Umdwebi wezitshalo uJohn Lindley ngaleso sikhathi wayesebenza kule ndawo eluhlaza, futhi wayedala ikhathalogu elibonisa ukuthi lalihlanganisa zonke izitshalo ezidumile zakwamanye amazwe. Le khathalogu lashicilelwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Botanical Anthology". Futhi kuyo ungathola incazelo yohlobo olusha lwama-orchid, athola igama elithi Cattleya (Cattleya).
Futhi, igama lomcwaningi odumile uCattleya ubizwa ngokuthi ama-nzalo amaningi adalwa ngokuwela iCattleya nezinye izinhlobo zama-orchid. Yilezi nzalo ezikhula emafulethini, ngoba ziguqulwa ukuze ziphile ngaphansi kwezimo zasendlini.
Uhlobo lweCattleya (Cattleya) luhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60 zezitshalo, kanye nenqwaba yezinhlobo zama-orchid akhula emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Izitshalo ezingama-epiphytic, kanti endle zithanda ukukhula emadwaleni noma iziqu zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Futhi, lezi zitshalo zinezimpande ezinwabuzelayo nama-pseudobulbs amaningana, okuqhakaza kuwo amaqabunga a-1 noma amabili amancanyana. Kula ma-pseudobulbs, abizwa nangokuthi ama-tuberides, ukunqwabelana kwezakhi zomzimba kwenzeka.
Lezi zitshalo zingabameleli abahle kakhulu bama-orchid. Isikhathi sezimbali zeCattleya sincike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo futhi ingaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Izimbali ezinhle, ezikhanyayo nezinamakha kakhulu zikhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zasendle ububanzi, angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-30. Imbali ngayinye inomlomo, ohluke kakhulu kunama-corolla amacembe ngombala wayo.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Ekhaya, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo kanye nzalo yazo yalesi sitshalo kukhulile.
ICattleya Orchid Ukunakekelwa Ekhaya
Ngokuqhathanisa ne-phalaenopsis, iCattleya ifuneka kakhulu ekunakekeleni futhi ingenasisekelo. Ziyahluka futhi nangesizini. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu kushiyeka, le mbali ingatshalwa ngaphakathi ezindlini, uma ulandela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokunakekela ama-orchid.
Akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi ama-hybrids ahlukahlukene we-cowya angahluka kakhulu ezimeni zawo zokulungiswa, kanye naseqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga le mbali, qiniseka ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okungokwako.
Ukukhanyisa nendawo
Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga nje ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kumele kuphanjaniswe. Uma imbali itholakala efasiteleni lewindows laseningizimu, khona-ke ehlobo kumele kube nomthunzi kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungahle kube ngokweqile. Kunconywa ukubeka indawo yezinkomo eduze kwendawo evulekile ebekwe engxenyeni esentshonalanga noma empumalanga yegumbi. Ngenkathi efudumele, kungcono ukudlulisa le mbali uyifaka kwi-loggia ekhanyisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, abatshali bezimbali abaningi batusa ukuvula wonke amafasitela kwi-loggia ukuze kube nokuhamba kahle komoya. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi lesi sitshalo ngokwaso akufanele sibekwe kokungapheli.
Ukuqhakaza kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zalezi zimbali kuhlobene ngqo nesikhathi sobusuku bosuku. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kwama-orchid amaningi angafanelani kuqala ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kudlule namahora amafushane wemini. Izitshalo ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-orchid asekwindla. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezidinga ukukhanya okuningi futhi ngokuntuleka kwawo zingaze ziqhakaze nhlobo, futhi kaningi zifaka ama-orchid e-bifolia.
Imodi yokushisa
Ngesikhathi lapho iCattleya ikhula futhi ikhula, kufanele ibekwe ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasemini, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-22-25 degrees, futhi ebusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18.
Inani elikhulu lamakhethini endle lincamela ukukhula ezikweleni kanye nasezintabeni (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle), lapho umehluko phakathi kokushisa kobusuku nemini ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ungama-5 degrees, kanti kwezinye izimo kubuye kube ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zikhule ngendlela evamile, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umehluko wokushisa usuku nobusuku. Ngakho-ke, ebusuku, izinga lokushisa kufanele lisuke ku-15 liye ku-18 degrees, bese kuthi isikhathi sasemini - lisuka kuma-21 liye kuma-27 degrees. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, isitshalo kufanele sibekwe egumbini elipholile, lapho ebusuku lizoba ngu-15 degrees, kuthi phakathi nosuku - lisuke ku-16 liye ku-18 degrees.
Umswakama
Lezi zitshalo zidinga umswakama ophezulu. Zidinga ukufafazwa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha ungavumeli umswakama ungene kuma-inflorescences. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba amahlumela e-cowya aboshwe nge-sphagnum ehlanganiswe ne-moss.
Ehlobo, lapho kufakwa i-orchid ku-loggia, umswakama womoya uphakeme kaningana kunefulethi ebusika ngesikhathi sokushisa. Abanye abalimi bayeluleka, ukuze bandise umswakama, beka imbiza yezimbali epallet, lapho udinga kuqala ukugcwalisa amatshe amancane futhi uthele inani elincane lamanzi.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, imbali idinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi phakathi kokunisela ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi kumele womile. Kuvame ukuniselwa ehlobo, kunconywa ngisho nokuntywilisa imbiza yezimbali emanzini abandayo, futhi kufanele kube kuyo imizuzu eyi-10. Esimweni lapho i-orchid ikhula ingxube yenhlabathi ehlanganisa amagxolo, ukuchelela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma igumbi lipholile ngokwanele, khona-ke uCattleya ufunga kakhulu amanzi, ngakho-ke, kuleli cala, udinga ukunisela okuncane. Ngakho-ke, uma isitshalo sikamoya omusha futhi ebusuku izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngamadigri ayi-10, khona-ke akudingi ukuniselwa nhlobo. Le orchid ngokuzithoba isho ukomiswa kwenhlabathi, njengoba nezilimo eziyizigaxa zayo zinamanzi. Umthamo wamanzi asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunisela ngawomuntu ngamunye kwisitshalo ngasinye.
Umanyolo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, uCattleya kumele ondliwe, ngoba lokhu kuzoyilungiselela ukuqhakaza okuzayo. Bondla isitshalo, ngokuvamile ngokunisela. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo isikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki angu-1-2. Futhi basebenzisa isixazululo somanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wama-orchid (okuhlushwa akufanele kube sikhulu kakhulu).
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla. Futhi ke Umanyolo phezulu potassium ne phosphorus ukukhuthaza izimbali. Kunconywe futhi ukuthi ungangeni umanyolo lapho kuvela isembozo ngaphansi kwesiqabunga. Futhi, udinga ukuqala ukondla isitshalo ngemuva kokuba ihlumela selakhiwe.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Isikhathi sokuhlala kwesitshalo esinikiwe siqala ngemuva kokuyeka ukuqhakaza. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi le nkathi ayide, i-orchid ingaqhakaza. Isikhathi lapho le sikhathi siqala khona kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, le nkathi iwa ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, inkomo ibekwa egumbini elipholile. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukukhanya okufiphalisiwe, ngoba imisebe yelanga engaqondile ingavusa ukukhula kwembali. Lesi sitshalo asondliwa futhi siniselwa kakhulu (ezikhathini ezi-2 ngenyanga noma ngaphansi). Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ama-bulbs awashwabani futhi angaqali ukoma. Esimweni lapho izimbali zenzeka emavikini okugcina ebusika noma entwasahlobo, isikhathi sembiza enjalo sizokuba sekwindla.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Lokhu kudluliswa kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2, ngaphambi kokuthi isitshalo siqale ukukhula ngokushesha. Imbiza yezimbali ikhethwe inyinyekile. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izisekeli ukuze imbali ime iqonde.
Ukwakha ingxube yomhlabathi efanelekile, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ezincane ze-spruce noma zegxolo likaphayini, namalahle ne-sphagnum moss. Ungathenga futhi ukuxuba kwenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo kuma-orchid e-epiphytic.
Izimbali
- Kuqhakaza isitshalo esidala kuphela, kuyilapho kungenakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi isayizi elilingana nani kufanele ibe nobani, ngoba lokhu kuncike ngqo ezinhlotsheni. Kungaba amasentimitha ayi-9 namasentimitha ayi-18. Lapho uthenga ikhomazi eliqhakaza, akungabazeki ukuthi umdala. Esimweni lapho isitshalo sinezinhlamvu eziningana ezinezimpande bukhoma no-1 onesembozo, i-orchid ingaqhakaza. Futhi uma kungenazimpande kuma-bulbs, khona-ke kungenzeka kungaqhakaze. Njengomthetho, kulokhu, enye isibani esinezimpande siyakhula.
- Ukuze isitshalo siqhakaze, sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuyibeka kuwindo lasenyakatho. Kufanele futhi umise imbali kusuka emisebeni yelanga eshisayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kwasekuseni kukaCattleya kumele.
- Ehlobo, udinga ukunisela futhi ukondle imbali ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimbali kungenzeka zingenzeki.
- Ukuphumelela kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuncike ekuthini umehluko wokushisa emini nasebusuku (okungenani ama-degree ama-5). Kulula ukuyinikeza ngenkathi efudumele kuvulandi.
- Isikhathi esifanele sokuphumula. Kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo okuncane kakhulu, ukusivikela emisebeni eqondile yelanga nokukhula kwezimbali akufanele kubhekwe.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ungasakaza ngokuhlukanisa. Yenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula okukhulu lapho kukhona ama-pseudobulbs ama-5 noma ama-6. Ngasikhathi sinye, isibazi ngasinye sihlala ngokwehlukana.
Izinambuzane
Izikhala zesicabucabu, izinambuzane ezikalwa ngezinyawo, ama-aphid, kanye nama-thrips angahlala. Emzabalazweni, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-actellic (amaconsi ayi-15-20 ngethre lamanzi).
