Abantu bathi: i-cherry yindawo ekhemisi yasekhaya. Uma i-sea buckthorn, ummbila, i-ierga kanye ne-cherry kukhula engadini, izithelo ezisele, nazo zonke izimfanelo zazo eziwusizo, zimane nje zengeza embonweni yokwelapha yalezi zilimo.
Leli siko lafika kithi kudala. UCherry usevame kakhulu empilweni yabalimi kangangokuba kunzima ukucabanga ngengadi encane yangaphambili ngaphandle kwama-cherries ngaphansi kwewindi noma ingadi yendlu, indlu encane ehlobo.
I-Sour cherry, noma i-cherry ejwayelekile (Prunus cerasus). © julia_HalleFotoFanOkuqukethwe izakhi zomzimba kanye nokwelapha izakhiwo cherries
Ngokuqukethwe kwezinto eziwusizo, i-cherry ibamba ngokuqinile izindawo zokuqala ohlwini lwezilimo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.
Izici ezinenzuzo zamakhemikhali kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi.
- Amavithamini E, C, PP, lonke uhla lwamavithamini we-B, kufaka phakathi iB9 (folic acid), carotene.
- I-Fructose noshukela, ama-pectin, i-coumarin, i-anthocyanides nezinye izinto.
- Izinto zethusi, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, iodine, i-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-boron, i-vanadium, i-cobalt, i-rubidium, njll.
- Izithelo zinothile kuma-organic acid: i-citric, i-malic, i-presinic, i-salicylic.
I-Cherry ayiqukethe nje inani elikhulu lamavithamini, izakhi nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kuhlinzeka ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-anemia (i-iron, yethusi, i-cobalt), i-arthrosis nesifo sezinso. I-Folic acid ehambisana ne-magnesium, i-cobalt nensimbi iqinisa imithambo yegazi, futhi i-coumarin isiza ukunciphisa ukuqina kwegazi. Ama-pectins ahlanza umzimba ubuthi be-nitrogenous. Ama-bacteriides aqukethe i-cherry pulp abaluleke kakhulu ekungeneni kwamagciwane. I-Ellagic acid equkethe ijusi le-cherry ivimba ukukhula kwamaseli womdlavuza. I-Amygdalin equkethwe ama-cherry Drupes yehlisa imvamisa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isiza ekwelapheni izifo zesisu. I-Cherry iyasebenza kwezinye izifo zohlelo lwezinzwa. Emithini yesintu, ama-decoctions obisini asetshenziswa kabanzi i-arthrosis, i-jaundice ethelelekile. Abaphilisi abaqinile bamaphilisi abantu abawasebenzisa njenge-anticonvulsant kanye nesithuthwane.
Musa ukubala zonke izakhiwo ezizuzayo zama-cherries. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zokudla okunempilo nezokwelapha, ama-cherries ahlobisa kakhulu unyaka wonke. Muhle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izixha zezithelo eziqhakazile, ezilengiswe njengomhlobiso wesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ngesikhathi sokutshala izithelo, amagatsha acashile ngesikhathi sasebusika ambozwe ubusika.
Izici zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherries
Ukuze i-cherry yezihlahla noma okutshalelwe umuntu ngamunye kuthele izithelo unyaka nonyaka, ngenkathi kusetshenzwa okokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukwazi izici zayo zemvelo, ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okufanele, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziveziwe ezizoqinisekisa ukuthela izithelo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okungadingekile
Isihlahla se-Cherry. © KevinUhlelo lweCherry Root
Uhlelo lwezimpande cherries lubaluleke kakhulu. Yakha izimpande zamathambo eziqonde ngqo nangaphezulu, lapho amancanyana asuka kuzo. Uhlelo lwezimpande emhlabathini lungaphezu kobubanzi bomqhele ophakanyisiwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sibhekwe lapho utshala izithombo njalo. Izimpande ezivundlile zanda ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande kungqimba lomhlabathi obungu-10-30 cm futhi zitholakala ngokuqondile ezungeze impande enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusondela esiqwini, ukujula kokujula kwephutha. Ezinye izinhlobo zakha inzalo yezimpande ezivela kuma-adnexal buds ezimpandeni ezivundlile ungqimba lomhlabathi olungama-15-20 cm. Ukususa ukwanda okwedlulele, kuyadingeka ukuyichitha ngokumba kanye nezimpande. Ukuthena okuphezulu-emhlabathini kuzokwandisa kuphela inani lamahlumela amahlumela. Izimpande ezimile zifinyelela ekujuleni kuka-1.5-2,5 m futhi azibekezeleli izikhukhula ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Emaphethelweni ezimpande ezibandayo, kwakheka izimpande ze-fibrous, zenza umsebenzi wokubopha. Isisindo esiyinhloko sezimpande ezifiphele sitholakala ungqimba olungama-40 cm, okufanele lunakwe lapho kucubungulwa inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-cherry.
Uhlelo Olunqenqemeni lomhlaba wonke
Ingxenye ye-a emoyeni ingakhiwa ngohlobo lwesihlahla esinesiqu esisodwa esimaphakathi noma isihlahla esinamahlumela amaningi wangaphambi kokuqina (amagatsha wamathambo wama-oda ambalwa). Izinhlobo ezingama-Woody ziphakeme impela (2-7 m), ziqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engama-2-4. Isikhathi sokuphila ezifundeni eziseningizimu sisukela eminyakeni eyi-15-30, esifundeni esiphakathi nesenyakatho yeSifunda Esingamnyama Somhlaba saseRussia sincane kancane - iminyaka eyi-12-15.
Kuma-cherries anjengesihlahla, izinhlobo zomnikazi ezaziwa kakhulu ezimpande zifaka iZhukovskaya, iRastunya, i-Orlovskaya ekuqaleni, i-Turgenevka, njll. Izinhlobo ezinjengezihlahla zithela izithelo ngasikhathi sinye sokukhula konyaka odlule namagatsha edili, avela emva kokuqhakaza isivuno esizayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukukucabanga lapho uthambisa ama-cherries. Ekukhuleni konyaka wamanje, izihlahla zakha kuphela izihluma zemifino, zikhulisa umqhele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indlela ebunjwe ehlathini iyathakazelisa ukuthi isivuno singavunwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe. Amafomu abunjiwe nge-Bush ayanda, njengomthetho, ngonyaka odlule kanye nokukhula okuxubile. Izinhlobo zamaShrub-like kuma-dachas zivame ukwakhiwa kusuka ezinhlotsheni iVladimirskaya, i-Fertile Michurina, iLyubskaya, i-Otechestvennaya, iRubinovaya nabanye, besebenzisa izimpande zezimpande. Ngokungafani nesihlahla, bakha isivuno sokuqala seminyaka engu-2-3. Zihlukile ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela amaningi wezimpande.
Izihlahla ze-Cherry. © uLucy MartinIzinhlobo ezahlukahlukene cherries by esifundeni
Izikhungo zokuvela kwama-cherries njengesiko lesifunda esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia zibizwa ngeVladimirsky (uhlobo lweVladimirskaya) kanye nengxenye yalo eseningizimu nesifundazwe saseKursk (uhlobo lweLyubskaya). Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zaziyizimbangela ezifundeni eziphakathi kweRussia, kuze kube ngeminyaka engama-40-80s ngekhulu le-XIX, kwaqalwa umsebenzi wokufuya, kwazisa kakhulu isiko ngesisekelo somucu ophakathi, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kwakhuthaza ukulinyelwa kwayo enyakatho yezwe.
Ngokuvuthwa, ama-cherries ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zakuqala, eziphakathi nendawo. Izinhlobo zokuqala zakha isivuno sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi kwengxenye yesibili kaJulayi kanye nezinhlobo sekwephuzile kuvuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Inhlobonhlobo ngayinye inesixhaxu sayo sezinzuzo futhi ihlukile ekunambithekeni, umbala kanye nephunga lesithelo, elibizwa ngokuthi ama-drupes.
Izifunda zaseningizimu yeRussia
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, kufaka phakathi i-Krasnodar Territory, ezithandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo zaseLyubskaya ne-Apukhtinskaya, eziphawulwa ukuqala kokuzala izithelo kusuka ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala kwisivuno esiqhubekayo nesiphezulu. Banendawo yokusatshalaliswa ebanzi ngokufanele, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseMoscow. Okulandelayo okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo zeSpanka. Okukhulu-okunezithelo (okunesisindo kufika ku-5 g), ongenakuziqhenya ekunakekeleni, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngendlela entsha. Akukhuthazi izinto zokuhamba, ezingakulungele ukwenziwa komsebenzi (ukomisa, ujamu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokucutshungulwa).
Ukuqhakaza isihlahla se-cherry. © Nora EkdahlImicu emaphakathi neRussia
Ezifundeni zesifunda esiphakathi, kufaka phakathi iSifunda saseMoscow, izinhlobo iMolodezhnaya, iChernokorka, iLyubskaya, iShubinka, iBolotovskaya, iBagryanaya, iVolochaevka, uRobin nePole zithole ukuqashelwa okufanele. Ezinhlotsheni ezingadingi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ungasebenzisa okulandelayo ukuze kulinywe ekhaya: iTambovchanka, Shakirovskaya, Lotovaya, Volga dessert, Chokoleti, IGeneral, Turgenevka, Rusinka, Brunetka, Flame, Morozovka. Abalimi be-Amateur abathanda ukungcola ngokuvunwa kwasebusika badinga ukunaka izinhlobonhlobo zeTurgenevka, nabasenyakatho eMorozovka. Izitshalo azakha ngoJulayi. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokuqina okuphezulu, inani elikhulu le-pulp eminyene. Ukuqothuka akumelani nokuhamba. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyabekezelela amaqanda aze afike ku-35 ° C Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi iMorozovka, yize imelana nezimo sezulu ezibandayo, ihlala ihlushwa iqhwa lasentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-cherries emadolobheni amancane
Abanye abalimi endaweni engaphansi bazama ukujwayela izinhlobo zaseningizimu nezaseSiberia esimweni sezulu sendawo. Ukungabheki ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu sendawo ethile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi indawo. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zenkabazwe ephakathi neRussia zilungele iSifunda SaseMoscow, khona-ke kuphela yilezo ezilwa ne-coccomycosis, isifo esivame kakhulu kulesi sifunda. Kwamadolobhana angaphandle, izinhlobo ezamukelekayo kakhulu yiLyubskaya, iTurgenevka, iDayimane, uMhlangano, iToyota, iCoral, iGriot Moscow, iRobin, iRastorguevskaya, iRusinka, iSania, i-Apukhtinskaya, iVladimirskaya, iZhukovskaya. Cishe bonke bamelana nezinguquko zokushisa.
Isihlahla se-Cherry. © sherwin & ruthIzifunda zaseSiberia, kufaka phakathi i-Urals
Ngokunikwa isikhathi esifudumele esifushane, imizamo yabafuyi bezinkomo yayenzelwe ukufuya izinhlobo ezinobunzima kanye nobusika. Izinhlobo zeMaksimovskaya, iMayak, iMetelitsa, iZmeinogorskaya, i-Ob, i-Novoaltayskaya zingahlukaniswa njengezilungele kakhulu izimo ezinzima kusukela eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Kokuzicebile, izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu i-Ashinskaya ezejwayelekile. Akadingi ama-pollinators (izinyosi), futhi ngenkathi elondoloza ama-buds ezikhiqizayo ekuqandeni, uletha isivuno sonyaka esitebeleni.
Ifaka ama-cherries obuchwepheshe bezolimo
Isidingo semvelo
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-cherries ihlanganisa zonke izifunda zaseRussia, ihlobisa amakhethini ehlobo futhi ihlinzeka ngemikhosi ecebile kuyo yonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo nezinto zokwelapha. I-Cherry isitshalo esihle sikaju. Akuyona into engenakubalwa, ingakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ngayo, kepha izosebenzisa amandla ayo amaningi ekusindeni, yakha isivuno esincane. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo esisebenzayo sizoncipha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise zonke izindlela ezikhona ukuhlinzeka isiko ngemibandela edingekayo. I-Cherry ingakubekezelela kalula umthunzi "we-lace", kepha yakha isivuno esihle kunazo zonke ekukhanyeni okwanele. Udinga uzungu olungenamoya (mhlawumbe eceleni kocingo). Ngemuva kokubanda, iyaphola ngokushesha. I-Cherry iyakubekezelela ukuhlinzeka ngomswakama, kepha izithombo ezihlanganisiwe zithengwa kangcono ezitokisini ezivela kuma-steppe noma ama-cherries aseMogaleb. Owokuqala ungamelana nomswakama, kanti owesibili unohlelo olunezimpande olungene ungene ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Lapho uthenga izithombo ezikhula ngezimpande, zilungiselele ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile. Uhlelo lwezimpande zalezi zinhlobonhlobo lungelona olwangempela futhi esimweni sezulu esomile isivuno sizoba sincane futhi singabi namanzi. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi kuma-cherries komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba kumele kungabi ngaphezu kwe-1.5-2.0 m ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
Izici zokutshala ama-cherries
Ukutshala ama-cherries kutuswa ukufeza entwasahlobo ezungeze maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ama-landings nawo ayenziwa ekwindla ngo-Okthoba. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla, i-cherry kungenzeka ingangeni izimpande futhi iqhwa.
- Lapho uthenga izithombo, naka uhlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo. Njengoba singenayo indawo eyanele endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha, kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezinobude (iTurgenevka, iLyubskaya, iZagoryevskaya, iMolodezhnaya, iChernookaya, iPolevka). Zingatshalwa ngemuva kuka-2,5 m, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezinomqhele obanzi (i-Yubileinaya, iShubinka, i-Vladimirskaya) ibanga emugqeni kufanele okungenani zibe yi-3,5 m. Ukutshala okunzima kuyamukeleka, kepha akunasidingo, ngenxa yesifo kanye izinambuzane.
- Thola izinhlobo ezihlulwe zodwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile ezinezincazelo ezihambisana nalezi zinto: okuhlukahlukene, ubudala, uhlobo lwesitoko, impova, njll.
- Hlola ngokucophelela isithombo. Akufanele ibe namaphoyinti we-glue kanye ne-sagging, amagxolo ngaphandle komonakalo. Umuthi wokugomela onempilo, ongaphazanyiswa (wokugoma), uhlelo lwezimpande lakhiwa kahle ngenombolo enkulu yezimpande ezixakile.
- Songa izimpande zesithombo esithengiwe masinyane ngezinto ezifakwayo ukuze zivikeleke ukoma. Ngaphambi kokuba wehle, beka amanzi ezimpandeni amahora angama-4-8.
Ingadi entsha ye-cherry. © izihlokoUma kuzoba nezihlahla eziningana, chaza kuqala izindawo zokutshala imigodi ngebanga ngokuya ngohlobo lohlobo oluphakathi kwezihlahla 2,5-3,5 m naphakathi kwemigqa enobuncane obuyi-2.0 m. Ekwindla, gaya okusalungiswa okungenalutho lomgodi, futhi entwasahlobo lapho utshala, ekugcineni ulungiselele kahle impande uhlelo lwenzalo. Inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo ilungele kangcono ama-cherries. Emhlabathini osindayo, umgodi wokutshala uyakhuphuka, kunezelwa izithako ezithukululayo (i-peat, humus, isihlabathi) kanye nengqimba yokudonsa engu-cm cm kuyafakwa emhlabathini.Umbiwa kwenhlabathi kuhlanganiswa nomanyolo we-humus kanye ne-phosphorus-potassium (ngokulandelana u-50 no-40 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla). Lapho utshala umgodi ngaphezulu kwephayiphu, uthele ungqimba lomhlabathi ongu-10 cm, wenze indunduma phezu kwawo bese usakaza izimpande kuwo. Njengoba uwele emgodini ku-2/3, uthele ibhakede lamanzi eli-0.5-1.0, engeza inhlabathi futhi uyihlanganise. Qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokugoma nentamo yezimpande zezithombo zezimpande ziphakeme ngo-2-3 cm kunezinga lomhlabathi futhi ungazimbozi eminyakeni elandelayo. Yenza uhlangothi olungamamitha ayi-0.5 cm oluzungeze isiqu bese ugcwalisa elinye ibhakede lamanzi. Qiniseka ukuthi mulch. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, kuze kufike umqhele wesihlahla somdala, gxilisa umhlabathi njalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Cherry
Uma i-cherry itshalwe enhlabathini evundisiwe, khona-ke iminyaka emibili yokuqala ayidingi ukuvundiswa. Ukunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi kuqukethe ukususa ukhula, ukuchelela kanye nokulinganisa inhlabathi (eningizimu). Ngaphansi komqhele, ungqimba lokulima kwenhlabathi lapho ususa ukhula akufanele lube ngaphezu kuka-8-10 cm, ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande olude lwezihlahla ezincane. Ekuhlukaniseni umugqa, ukujula kokucutshungulwa kukhuphuka kuya kuma-15-20 cm. Ukunisela njengoba kudingeka (ungagcwalisi izithombo). Ungqimba olumanzi lufika ku-45 cm.
Kungcono ukuvundulula ama-cherries iminyaka engu-3-4, noma kunalokho, kusukela ngonyaka wokuthela. Umquba we-humus noma ovuthiwe usetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-4-5, kuhlanganiswa (uma kunesidingo) ngenkani yokukhucululwa kwenhlabathi ngefulawa ye-dolomite, umlotha wezinkuni, umquba, osakazeke emhlabathini ukuze ushumeke ngokujulile. Ukugqoka okuphezulu konyaka kwenziwa kaningi nge-nitroammophos yamaminerali amaningi noma i-nitrophos. Zingashintshwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini lapho kune-nitrogen eyanele. Izinga lokufaka isicelo lingama-60 g womanyolo ophelele noma ama-40 no-30 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, ngokulandelana, ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ku-Cherry, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuvame ukusetshenziswa isikhathi esingu-1 esigabeni sokuqhakaza izimbali. Emhlabathini oncishisiwe kakhulu, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kanye nezinkomishi eziyi-1-2 zomlotha zisetshenziswa ku-daphu efanayo kuya kokugqokwa kwesibili okuphezulu (emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20). Imithamo, izinhlobo nenombolo yokugqoka ephezulu yenziwa ngokuya ngezinkomba zenhlabathi kanye nesimo sesiko. Le mininingwane ilungele inhlabathi evundile ephakathi nendawo futhi isebenza njengokubonisa abalimi abasaqala.
Isiko, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lidinga ukuthambisa. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nasezindaweni ezinemvula eyanele, ukunisela akukhona. Ukuhlangana eningizimu kumele. Le ndlela iholela ekunciphiseni kwenombolo yokhula futhi igcine umswakama ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla. Enyakatho, imvamisa inhlabathi ayifakwanga, bese ukhula lususwa ngokulinyelwa okungaxhunyiwe. Lapho uthukulula, qaphela ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande; zilele ku-cherry ungqimba olungaphezulu lwama-20 cm. Ebusika, ungavumeli ikhava liphezulu kakhulu ngeqhwa. Isitembu se-cherry singambozwa ngeqhwa akukho ngaphezulu kwe-1 m.
Izithelo ze-Cherry emagatsheni. © julia_HalleFotoFanNgesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-fruiting esebenzayo, kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium nomlotha ngaphansi kokulimaza ekwindla, kepha akudingekile uma inhlabathi ivundile futhi yafakwa umanyolo ngenani lezinto eziphilayo ngesikhathi sokugqoka phezulu.
Umsebenzi odla isikhathi esiningi wokunakekela ama-cherries ususa ukuqothuka.
Ihlumela elinezimpande lingaphansi kokususwa. Ukuncipha emazingeni enhlabathi kunomthelela kuphela ekukhuleni kwawo.
Ukusikwa Kwe-Cherry Shaping
Njengezinye izilimo zasengadini, ama-cherries angaphansi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuthena izihlambi: ukuhlanza, ukugoqa, ukuvuselela kabusha.
Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, noma ekwindla sekwedlule, izihlahla zigawulwa.Hlola futhi ususe ukukhula ngaphakathi, kwamagatsha aphukile, anesifo ngokusobala. Uma kunesidingo, kusetshenziswa vacuum kumqhele. Ukusikeka okukhulu kuphathwa ngama-antiseptics, ama-var var engadini, upende wamafutha.
Ukufeza izithelo ezinhle zama cherries, kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, izihlahla kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze kwakheke umqhele ofanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isithombo sonyaka owodwa sihlanza amagatsha asezingeni elithile ngamasentimitha angama-60-80. Ukusuka kulokhu ukuphakama, amagatsha okuqala amagatsha lwamathambo azohamba. Amagatsha emathambo abekwa esihlokweni esimaphakathi ngokuhlukile ngemuva kuka-12-15 cm (hhayi okuphambene). Imvamisa akha amagatsha akhule kahle ayi-4-5. Bakha ihlosi lokuqala.
- Ngonyaka olandelayo, 70-80 cm emuva kusuka egatsheni lokugcina lamathambo e-tier yokuqala futhi anqume umqhubi osenkabeni. Ngale ndlela, khawulela ukuphakama kwesihlahla. Kungcono uma umqhele ungeqi ku-2.0-2.5-3.0 m ukuphakama. Engxenyeni engama-70-80 cm ubeka isiqu sesibili samagatsha wamathambo. Iminyaka yokuqala engama-4-5 yama-cherries ikhule ukukhula kwesihlahla, ngakho-ke zama ukuncipha kwezihlahla othambekele ekuqineni ngalesi sikhathi. Susa wonke amahlumela asemuva akhula phakathi kwamagatsha amakhulu ayi-9-10. Ngokusobala gcina izihlahla, ungazikhulisi.
Isihlahla se-Cherry. © Dane VandeputteLapho wenza ifomu elinamathela, shiya amahlumela ayi-10-12. Susa amahlumela asele, ushiye i-1-2 ukuze ungene esikhundleni sokuguga.
Iminyaka engu-5-8 elandelayo - inkathi yesibili yempilo yesiko, inkathi ye-fruiting esemqoka. Isiko minyaka yonke likhiqiza izilimo ezinkulu. Bese kulandela inkathi yesithathu - ukukhula kokukhula. Umuthi unciphisa isivuno, amagatsha amaningi angenalutho, omile noma omile kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncipha kokuguga kungenziwa ngokusika amagatsha angadingekile. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10-15, kungcono ukuthatha indawo yesihlahla esidala ngesithombo esincanyana, noma ukhiphe ugqinsi nakugatsha lwamathambo.
Ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Ezingadini ezizimele, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kumele kungabandakanywa. Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, izindlela zokuvimbela zanele ukuthola isivuno esinempilo ngaphandle kokwethula ubuthi obungena emzimbeni wabantu abadala, izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo, izinambuzane ezizuzisayo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela zifaka:
- ukuvuna amaqabunga awileyo kanye nezinsalela ze-mulch, uma kungeniswa kungqimba olukhulu futhi akunasikhathi sokubola ngesikhathi sekwindla. I-mulch namaqabunga iyindawo enhle kakhulu ebusika futhi isakaza izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta kanye namagciwane.
- Isiqu somuthi kanye namagatsha asemathanjeni aphansi kufanele amhlophe ngokuqhubekayo (futhi hhayi amahlandla ama-2 kuphela ngonyaka). Ukwemukelwa kuyadingeka ukuvikela amagxolo asemasha ekushisweni yilanga, kugcina isiqu namagatsha kuhlanzekile kusukela kungqubuzane ne-moss, kuvikeleke ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ezifihla ngaphansi kwamagxolo ngesimo sabadala noma ukubeka amaqanda kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kanye ne-microflora spores kanye nezingcezu ze-mycelium.
- Vikela ukwakheka kwehala. Lapho uthamba, kubalulekile ukuphatha ukusikeka kwe-saw nge-antiseptics bese upenda ngaphezulu nge-garden var, upende wamafutha.
- Isikhathi sebusika, hlukanisa isiqu somuthi (ikakhulukazi omncane) kusuka namagundane (hares, amagundane).
Kulezi zifo, kwezinye izindawo, ama-cherries alimale kabi yi-coccomycosis noma i-holey amabala. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izihlahla, i-moliniosis ne-kleasterosporiosis. Izindlela eziphambili zokulwa nezifo ekhaya ziyi-prophylactic (echazwe ngenhla) kanye nokufafaza ngemikhiqizo yemvelo engayingozi empilweni yabantu, ezilwaneni nasezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo (izinyosi, ama-bumblebees). Kuma-biologics, ama-Baksis, Bactofit, Khetomin, Trichodermin, Phytosporin ayasebenza. Isimo nezinkathi zokucubungula kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji noma kwizincomo zomkhiqizo webhayoloji. Ukwehlisa umthwalo esihlahleni, ukucubungula kungenziwa ngokuxutshwa kwethangi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza okukhulu kakhulu ngokumelene nezifo kutholakala ngengxube ye-trichodermine ene-baxis esesilinganisweni se-1: 1. Lapho ucubungula imikhiqizo yokuphilayo, qaphela ukuthi aqala ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa okungenani + 12 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lezokwelapha ngu- + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvikela kwemvelo akunikezi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwezihlahla kufanele kuqale ngokushesha lapho isimo sezulu siqala ngenhloso yokuvimbela futhi siqhubeke lonke ihlobo. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa, izihlahla zingafafazwa nge-1% Bordeaux ketshezi, nenhlabathi ngaphambi kokumba iphathwa nge-2-3% sulfate yethusi.
Ngakwesokudla kukhona umuthi we-cherry othintwa yi-coccomycosis. © K. AnderseIzinambuzane eziphambili ezibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezihlahla ze-cherry ziyimpukane ye-cherry, ama-cherry weevil, izimbuzane zesicabucabu, imichilo yesikhwebu, imichilo yezinhlamvu, ihlumela lemundu. Ama-weevil ezinso, ama-moth moth kanye nama-cherry weevil ayingozi ikakhulukazi. Abantu abadala nezibungu kulimaze ama-buds, ama-buds kanye ne-ovary encane yezihlahla ze-cherry, kungabhubhisa isivuno sonke.
Ekwindla ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala, i-cherry nenhlabathi ngaphansi komqhele kungafafazwa ngesisombululo se-urea esingu-5%, okungewona umanyolo kuphela, kodwa futhi nendlela ephumelelayo yokubulala izifo fungal nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Lapho ufafaza umqhele, ukufafazwa kwe-urea kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu (foggy). Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, kuqala ngokuhluma, izihlahla ziyafafazwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30 ngemikhiqizo yemvelo iFitoverm, Akarin, Zdorovy nabanye. Ukufafaza kwenziwa kahle kakhulu ekuxutshweni kwethangi nemikhiqizo yemvelo evela ezifweni, ngemuva kokuhlola ukuhambisana.
