Isaladi ye-chicory Witluf

Ngenkathi ngisebenza ngezinto eziphathelene nalesi sitshalo, ngamangala ukuthi kulula kangakanani futhi kumnandi emphefumulweni wami. Waqala ukubheka isizathu salesi simo, ngokusobala, ngoba ngubani kithi ongekho kulolo buthakathaka? Khumbula, eTolstoy "eMpini Nokuthula": kukhona amadoda amabili amile futhi abheke isitimela esedlula ngakubo esitebhisini. "Yimuphi umfutho oshayela i-locomotive?" - enye indoda ibuza enye. Umcabango wokugcina, kubonakala sengathi, wazihlaqa ngokucophelela izitho zakhe ezifinyelelekayo zomzimba futhi waphendula ngokweneliseka ngaye: "Yenqaba leyo ntetho." Futhi bobabili baneliseke kakhulu ngoba bathola isizathu sokuhamba kwenjini. Ngakho-ke nginjalo isaladi lami le-cyclic, ngifuna isizathu sobukhazikhazi bomphefumlo wami okulo.

IVitlouf, i-Belgian Endive, isaladi yeChicory. © David Monniaux

Okokuqala, lesi saladi siwuhlobo lwe-chicory ejwayelekile, engiyijwayela kusukela ebuntwaneni basemakhaya. Sayibiza ngokuthi imbali eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekhula ngobuningi ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-Prikhaper Territory. Futhi munye kuphela kithi, uVolodya, owayengumholi wethu ngenxa yamandla akhe, ubuhlakani kanye nesipiliyoni sempilo, wambiza, njengoba besicabanga, ngokwesayensi - "uCycloren". Futhi sonke sathuthumela ngaphambi kokuchithwa kwakhe.

Okwesibili, manje iminyaka eminingana manje i-chicory ithole imvume yokuhlala unomphela endlini yami: umkami udla ama-chicory asheshayo esikhundleni sekhofi yemvelo (iBrazil, iNicaraguan, iCuba, njll.), Eqiniseka ukuthi ikhofi ye-chicory iphilile ngokwengeziwe . Kepha kimi, imilutha yomkami enengqondo iyindaba engcwele. Yize, ehlale iminyaka embalwa kwelinye lamazwe ashisayo lapho ikhofi langempela liyikhaya lakubo, wayengamthanda futhi ekhetha yena kuphela.

Okwesithathu, isaladi le-cyclic lalibonakala kimi njengesitshalo esingajwayelekile futhi ngoba zonke izingxenye zalo zingasetshenziswa - njengoba besho, nezimpande namathiphu. Roots (nezilimo eziyizigaxa) kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ikhofi, kanti iziqongo ezitholakala ngokutholwa izitshalo ngezimpande ebusika zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela amasaladi aphilile kakhulu nezitsha ezahlukahlukene eziseceleni zezitsha ezinkulu.

Futhi, ekugcineni, okwesine, le imifino isebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Abalimi be-Connoisseurs bathi ukuvunwa kwezimbuzi ezinama-willoof ezitholakala yi-distillation kufinyelela ku-15 kg nge-skwele ngalinye. metres (izimpande zezitshalo ze-distillation ezitshalwe emabhokisini eduze). Futhi engadini kusuka esikweleni esisodwa. amamitha akhuphukela kuma-PC angama-35. izitshalo ezimpande, noma kuze kufike ku-4.5 kg. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuthola i-distillation kungcono ukusebenzisa izithombo zezimpande eziphakathi nendawo (cm 3-5 cm), bese usebenzisa izimpande ezincane zokwenza ikhofi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, asikwa abe yimibuthano emincane, yomiswe kuhhavini, bese esetshenziswa ukwenza isiphuzo sekhofi.

IVitlouf, i-Belgian Endive, isaladi yeChicory. © Slick

Ezinye izakhiwo eziwusizo zeWitloof zangikhathaza ngezinga elincane, ngokusobala ngoba cishe yonke imifino edliwayo iyelapha futhi iwusizo kakhulu kubantu. Ngakho-ke neVitlouf: izakhiwo zayo zokuphulukisa - intibin glycoside, etholakala kuklabishi kaVitlouf, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ithuthukisa umetabolism, inomphumela omuhle esizalweni, ezinso, emanyeni, ezinhlakeni zokwakheka kwegazi, ezinhlelweni zenhliziyo nezangaphakathi zezinzwa. Ama-Goabies aqukethe amaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, usawoti wamaminerali we-potassium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium ne-iron. Ama-inulin adayisa kalula i-inulin aze afike ku-20% yenani eliphelele lama-carbohydrate, lapho ahlukaniswa khona anika into yesibili ebalulekile - i-fructose. Kuyasiza ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Izici zemvelo zeWitloof

Lesi sitshalo se-perennial esitshalwa esikweni njengesiphiliso. Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-rosette yamaqabunga amakhulu nezitshalo zezimpande zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhipha izitsha ezisetshenziselwa ukudla. Ngonyaka wesibili, isiqu esiqondile esiqhekeziwe esifinyelela ku-1.5 m sikhula kusuka ezimpandeni. Amaqabunga esiqu mancane, angama-lanceolate. Izimbali zincanyana, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okuvame kakhulu - kumhlophe), ziqoqwe kumabhasikidi ama-inflorescences, atholakala ngokucashile noma aminyene emaphethelweni amagatsha noma kuma-axils amaqabunga. Izithelo - i-achene iribhoni, nsundu, ubude ngu-2-3 mm. Izinhlobo zeWitloof, ezinconywa ukushayela amakhanda weklabishi nokuthola imikhiqizo yesaladi entsha.

IVitlouf, i-Belgian Endive, isaladi yeChicory. © hoeveboka

Isigaxa (izinhlobonhlobo ezifuywayo) - sokutholwa kwegazi kumakamelo afakwe ngaphandle kokukhanya, zombili indawo yokukhosela futhi ngaphandle komugqa womhlabathi, ngoDisemba-Januwari. Isikhathi esisuka kuzithombo enkulu sisuka ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe izinsuku ezingama-98-114. Isikhathi se-ziphuzo zazihluzwa (kusuka ekutshaleni izitshalo ezimpandeni kuya ekuvuthweni kwesisindo samakhanda iklabishi) kuyizinsuku eziyi-17-30. Isitshalo esimpande simhlophe, sinobubanzi obungu-35 mm, ubude obu-15-20 cm.Ikhanda lllipsoidal, uginjana lumhlophe, lubomvu. Kunconywa izinga lokushisa njalo nge-distillation elingaphansi kuka-7 ° С futhi lingabi ngaphezu kuka-16 ° С. Amakhanda okuvuna kufanele atholakale lapho ikhanda lifinyelela ekuphakameni okungadluli ku-15cm.
I-Rocket (izinhlobonhlobo ezifuywayo) - isikhathi kusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe kwezilimo zezimpande yizinsuku ezingama-130 kuya ku-155. Isitshalo sezimpande singamacembe, simhlophe, sinesisindo esingaba ngu-250 g. Isikhathi sokuphoqelela yizinsuku ezingama-30. Ikhanda leklabishi liphakeme ngesimo se-ovoid, aminyene, ubude obu-12 cm, ububanzi obungu-5 cm.Ikhanda lekhanda limhlophe, linesisindo 85-100 g.
Izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe: i-Extrella (yokuqunjelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi); IVitlouf Danish neMitado (ekwindla-ebusika); I-Tardivo (okwakamuva), kanye ne-Express, Ikhiqize, Ifomu. Ngakho-ke, abangane bami, kunokuningi ongakhetha kukho nokuzama ngakho.

Ukukhula

IVitlouf ithathwa njengesitshalo esingavimbeli ukubanda: izimpande zezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ezishiyelwe ubusika zimelana neziqandisi zehle zibe ngu-30 degrees. Uthanda umswakama futhi udinga ikakhulukazi umswakama ophezulu womhlaba ngenkathi kusungulwa izitshalo zezimpande. Inhlabathi engaphenduki ngokungathathi hlangothi iyathandeka; i-willoof ayakhelwanga kahle enhlabathini ene-acidic. Ngokuntuleka kwengxenye ye-potassium kumanyolo, iWitloof isheshe ihlume, kanti imifino yayo ihlangana bese iyoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umquba omusha ufakwa emhlabathini, izitshalo ezima izimpande ziqine ngokuqinile futhi zithole ukubukeka okungathengiseki.

Akunconyelwe ukuthi kukhule i-vitlouf ngemuva kwesaladi, izaqathe, iparsley, amazambane, utamatisi kanye namakhukhamba, iklabishi kanye ne-legumes kubhekwa njengokuphambi kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Lapho ukhula ngokutshala ngqo imbewu enhlabathini, kunconywa ukuthi inhlabathi ifudumele ifinyelele kuma-degree angama-7-9. C, okwenzeka kaningi, kuya ngesifunda sokutshala, engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukujula kokutshala kungamasentimitha ayi-1-1,5. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngemuva kokuncipha ngu-10-15 cm.

Ukunakekela i-Belgian Endive kuqukethe ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, ukuhlakulela ukuhlukanisa izikhala kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kunconywa ukwenza ukugqoka okukodwa noma okubili ngomanyolo onzima. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi nomswakama ophezulu, ulethisi ungathinteka kalula nge-powdery hlobo, ukubola, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyinisela ekuseni, uvikele amanzi angena emaqabunga. Kodwa-ke, ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, amaqabunga awafinyeleli osayizi abajwayelekile, amalahle, abe ngumunyu. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya, isitshalo sakha ngokushesha ama-peduncle. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwalo libhekwa kanye ne-10-17 ° C. Izilimo eziyizimpande zingabusika ebusika enhlabathini ngaphansi noma ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, kuya ngezinhlobo ezitshaliwe nendawo okulinywayo kuzo.

Ukuvunwa kweWitloof kwenziwa ngoSepthemba (ngesimo sezulu esomile, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa). Ngokuthosa, izitshalo zezimpande kufanele zibekwe eceleni ngaphandle kwama-peduncle futhi ngaphandle kwamagquma anamaqabunga aqondile. Lesi sakamuva sinconywa ukuthi sisetshenziswe njengemifino yesaladi. Ukususa ukufutheka kusuka emaqabungeni, abekwa emanzini abilayo umzuzu 1 noma ofakwe emanzini anosawoti amahora angama-2-3. Ezilwanyini ezimbiwe, iziqongqangi zigawulwa kude kube ngu-2-3 cm ukusuka ekhanda ngaphandle kokulimaza izinso zepical. Izitshalo ezenziwa impande zihlukaniswa zibe zincane (ububanzi kuze kufike ku-3 cm), okuphakathi (3-5 cm) nezinkulu (ngaphezu kuka-5 cm). Izitshalo ezingumngcele zingagcinwa (ukuze ziphuculwe) njengezaqathi, zifakwe ngokuqondile emabhokisini, zifafazwe ngesihlabathi esomile, i-peat noma i-sawdust, ishiye phezulu livulekile ukuze kungene umoya. Ngaphambi kokususa kube yi-distillation, izilimo zezimpande zigcinwa ekushiseni okungama-2-3 ° C ngomswakama ohlobene no-95% nomoya omncane, ozosheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

Ukuhlakazwa nokugqokwa kwamatshe amhlophe we-witloof kwenziwa ebumnyameni. Inqubo elula kunazo zonke: ukumboza ibhokisi, lapho ama-tubers ebekwa khona eduze, ngendwangu engakhanyi futhi uwagcine ekushiseni okungama-8-10 ° C egumbini elifanelekile la. Isimo sokushisa se-distillation sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ekushiseni kwe-15-17 ° C, amakhanda eklabishi agcina ukufutheka kwabo okungokwemvelo, kepha noma kunjalo ngo-8-10 ° C baba mnandi, ngokungabi nalutho olubonakalayo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamakhanda eklabishi, cishe ngemuva kwenyanga anqunywa ngengxenye yesiqu ukuze angahlakazeki futhi agcine esiqandisini, lapho agcina ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nokuthengiswa okungafika emavikini amathathu. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ngemuva kokuvuna nezilimo eziyizigaxa, zibiwa emabhokisini abekwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuzo, abamba ukushisa ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphansi komhlaba. Ama-Tubers abekwa eduze komunye nomunye, aniselwa futhi ambozwe ngaphezulu nge-25 cm yesihlabathi esimanzi, umhlaba, i-peat noma i-sawdust, noma embozwe ifilimu. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-10, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi nomoya ligcinwa ngo-10 ° C, bese lenyuka laya ku-16-18 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30, lapho inhloko yeklabishi ifinyelela ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo esimboza bese ithola ukubukeka okungathengiseka futhi okukhangayo, isivuno, esiwusizo kakhulu ikakhulukazi ebusika, siyavunwa.