Phakathi kokufakwa ezindlini, izakhamuzi zokuqala zezindawo ezome kakhulu kule planethi zihlala zithanda uthando olukhethekile. Idumela elifanelwe lezinkanyezi zasehlane liyachazwa nje: azikho ezinye izitshalo ezingaziqhayisa ngokulula nokunakekelwa nokukhuthazela okunjalo. Yize kungewona wonke ama-suppulents kanye ne-cacti okungelamasiko atholakala endalweni kuma-semi-desertertertert kanye namahlane. Noma kunjalo, ukukhetha phakathi kwenkinga yehlane ehlane kubanzi kakhulu - kusuka ezinkanyezini eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza izimbali kuya kumatshe aphilayo anesizotha.
Ukukhula i-cacti ekhayaUhlobo olukhethekile lwezitshalo zomdabu ogwadule
Izimo zemvelo zezindawo eziwugwadule zeplanethi yethu zinzima kangangokuba izitshalo eziqinile kakhulu kuphela ezazikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo. Kodwa azincane neze: amakhulu ezinhlobo zezitshalo eziqine kakhulu ziyachuma lapho yonke into ezungezile ibonakala ingaphili, ukuncintisana nomswakama oyigugu nabamele bezilwane akusafani nalokhu nesomiso.
Umswakama ophansi futhi ongalingani nomehluko obukhali enanini lokushiswa kwezulu phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka, umswakama ophansi impela, ukushisa kwelanga ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa elishisa ngokweqile lase-Afrika noma elilingana kakhulu laseNyakatho Melika kwaholela ekutheni ngesikhathi sokuvela kwesitshalo, sivumelane nezindawo eziwugwadule, sathola izici ezihlukile:
- ukukwazi ukwaneliswa ngenani elincane lomswakama, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulukhulu ezikhathi ezingaphansi kwalabo abahlala esimeni sezulu esipholile;
- i-metabolism eguquguqukayo - amandla okumunca ikhabhoni dayoksi ebusuku bese uvala i-stomata ukuvimba ukuhwamuka komswakama;
- ushintsho olubi ezikhathini zokukhula okusebenzayo nokuphumula okuphelele - umsebenzi wezitshalo owenziwe ngesizini, olandelwa "ukulala" okujulile;
- ukungabi bikho noma isibalo esincane se-stomata; amaqabunga ansundu avikelwe nge-wax noma ngamafutha.
I-Cacti kanye ne-anculents zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezitshalo zasogwadule; kwabaningi, zonke izitshalo ezivela kula maqembu zibonakala zifana ngemvelo. Kepha kude nawo wonke amasiko amnandi avela ogwadule ngisho nogwadule. Impela, iningi labantu abaphelekayo bathuthela kumagumbi asuka ezintabeni, lapho inkinga yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomswakama, umswakama kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa akusafanele kangako, yize sikhuluma ngezimo zezulu ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ama-cacti athandwa kakhulu futhi acishe abe yingxenye yama-anculents akhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezintabeni nasezindaweni zamahlathi. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke ama-suppulents aqhamuka ogwadule, kepha zonke izitshalo zasogwadeni zingezokwenani lama-anculents. Bayakwazi ukulondolozela imithombo yokugcina amanzi ngamahlumela noma amaqabunga, babe nezicubu ezinamanzi ezinamanzi ezithambile nesikhumba esikhulu, i-stomata encane. Ngokusobala, zonke lezi zindlela zokuzivumelanisa nazo ziboniswa ku-cacti.
Izitshalo zasendlini zemvelaphi yasogwadule azizange zilahlekelwe yisici esisodwa sokhokho bazo bemvelo, noma ngabe sikhuluma ngokukhethwa eside kwezindlela zokuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezibucayi zogwadule nakuma-desert-desare akunakuphikwa. Izitshalo ezinjalo, ngisho nangaphakathi, zihlala izakhamizi ezijwayelekile zamahlane, zijwayele kude nomswakama ojwayelekile, amazinga okushisa nokukhanya.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zezitshalo zasogwadule "yisipesheli" esincane kakhulu. Lamasiko anjalo avumelane nezimo ezinje ezimeni ezinzima eziwugwadule kangangokuba awasakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zokuboshwa, esephelelwe amandla okubonga. Umzimba wawo wonke uhlelwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunaleyo yezitshalo ezivela kwezinye izindawo zezulu.
Labo abafuna ukutshala izitshalo zasogwadule kufanele bahlolisise imvelo yabo kahle: ukuze baphumelele futhi bancome izinkanyezi ezikwazi ukumelana nesomiso iminyaka eminingi, kuzofanela baphinde benze izimo zabo ezijwayelekile. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezitshalo ezinjalo akulungile.
CactiHlanganisa zonke izitshalo zasendlini eza kithi ezivela ezindaweni eziyiziwula, nezinye izici:
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- ilanga lithanda ukufika isidingo sokukhanya kwelanga ngqo, ukuzwela okwedlulele kunoma yikuphi ukukhanya kwemithunzi nokulingene;
- i-thermophilic;
- uthando lokweqisa lobusuku nobusuku;
- isidingo isikhathi eside futhi esiqinile dormant zezimbali ezalandela.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ogwadule kufana kakhulu. Izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga ukuthambisa ngokucophelela nangokungajwayelekile; esigabeni esishisayo, zivame ukukwenza ngaphandle kwazo. Ukufakwa kwezinkanyezi zasogwadule akuvamile, futhi umugqa ongezansi kufanele ucace - ukukhanya, isihlabathi noma idwala.
Masizazi kangcono izinkanyezi ezigqamile kakhulu zasogwadule, ezidume kakhulu ezikhathini zanamuhla.
1. I-Star cactus astrophytum
Izinkanyezi (I-Astrophytum) - enye ye-cacti yasogwadule kakhulu. Lezi izitshalo ezikhula kancane ezinezimbambo ezinkulu, sibonga okuvela kuzo ezingangeni ezingalawulwa esigabeni kubukeka njengenkanyezi. Izinwele ezithambile ziqoqwa ngamaqhubu amancane, anikeza i-cacti "iphuzu" eliyingqayizivele le-pubescence. Ukuqhakaza kwe-cactus ezimweni zekamelo, kuyamangaza ngezimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi ezinomphimbo obomvu kanye ne-tube pubescent.
I-Astrophytum stellate (Astrophytum asterias).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: I-USA neMexico.
Lokhu kukhula kalula okufakwayo okungathandi ukufakelwa nokujulisa intamo yezimpande. Ihlukaniswa nge-photophilousness, ukumelana nesomiso, ukuqondisisa ekwakhekeni komhlabathi.
2. I-pear ehlaselayo engeneki
Uyakwazi ukudala amathikithi onke namalungu afanayo angangeneki, ithanga eliphikisayo(U-Opuntia) egunjini amasiko balahlekelwa ulaka lwabo. Lawa cacti atholakala ezimeni ezihlukile, kepha hhayi ngeze aba uphawu lwethafa laseMexico. Iziqu, ezibunjiwe, ezihlala zimise okomhloshana noma zisetshenziselwe okusaqanda, zimangele ezinama-spines kanye nama-bristle acinene, okunzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha esikhunjeni ngenxa yokuqunjelwa.
Ikhono eliyingqayizivele le-mizizi kanye nohlelo olunamandla lwe-superficial olunamandla lwenza le cactus ilawuleke kakhulu. Futhi izimbali single elikhanyayo in isikhumbuzi state-isigamu sezimbali of roses.
Opuntia (Opuntia).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: E-Australia, eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu Melika.
Ukukhula ngamapheya akhula kalula akubangeli ubunzima noma kubatshali abasaqala. I-cacti ikhula ngokushesha, njengokuphuza okuningi entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kunqabile kakhulu ebusika. Amapharele anobuhlakani abesabi izinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa, angachitha ihlobo engadini futhi athatha izithombe eziningi kakhulu.
3. "Hedgehogs" echinocactus
Enye ye-cacti enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni elahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo okwindilinga kuphela eminyakeni ebaluleke kakhulu, igqabha izimbambo eziningi nemikhondo egolide. Ngaphakathi echinocactus (I-Echinocactus) ayigcini nje ngokufika ebusheni bayo beqiniso (emvelweni, i-echinocactus ingadlula imitha nengxenye ukuphakama), kodwa futhi icishe ingakaze iqhume.
Kepha ubuhle nokulinganisa kwesitshalo, okuhlotshiswe ngemibala ehlelwe ngumbala - igolide, obomvu, owolintshi noma onsundu onsundu - ameva, akhetheke kangangokuba ukuthandwa kwekhiyubhu i- "hedgehog" akubonakali kumangalisa kangako.
I-Echinocactus, noma iHedgehog Cactus (Echinocactus)Indawo yokusabalalisa: ogwadule baseMexico nase-USA.
Kulula kakhulu ukukhulisa i-echinocactus, kepha udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-substrate ilula futhi ine-acidic encane, isibani sikhanya kakhulu, kanti ubusika bupholile. I-Echinocactus iniselwa ngisho nasebusika kuphela isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, kepha le cactus ayibekezeleli ushintsho olubi lomswakama futhi iyokhetha ukuchitha isikhathi sasehlobo ngaphandle.
4. Izinhlobo Ezintsha Zokubhula i-Aloe
Emashumini ambalwa edlule aloe (Aloe) ibibhekene nenkathi yokunganakwa, kepha namuhla iphinde yafakwa ohlwini lwabaphethe imfashini kakhulu. Izithonjana eziphilayo nezingenathemba zohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-aloe - lokhu kungumlando. Namuhla, abatshali bezimbali emhlabeni wonke banake izinhlobo ezimangazayo nezinhlobo ze-aloe, ezilungele ukunika ukungahambisani ngisho nezinkanyezi zasehlane zasendulo ezingaphakathi.
Njengomuntu othanda ukuhlala olwandle olujulile aloe marlot (Aloe marlothii), iziketi eziwubukhulu bokubukeka kwezimbali aloe motley (I-Aloe Varigata), ehlukile i-aloe enamahlamvu (I-Aloe polyphylla) enamaqabunga awo ahlelwe ngokuvumbulula okuyinkimbinkimbi ezisekelweni eziphansi, njll. - yilezi izintandokazi ezintsha. Kepha konke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ama-aloe ahlala ephelelwa amaqabunga anamanzi aqoqwe ku-rosette eyisisekelo noma engabonakali, enesigaba sokulondolozwa, ithiphu ekhombe, amazinyo abukhali emaphethelweni amaqabunga namaphethini aluhlaza.
I-Aloe Marloth (Aloe marlothii).
I-Aloe Varigata 
I-Aloe multifoliate (Aloe polyphylla).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: Ugwadule lwase-Afrika kanye naseMelika.
Zonke i-aloe vera - ezindala nezintsha - azikhathaleli ngokumangazayo. Zithanda ukufakelwa konyaka, umoya omusha kanye nobusika obupholile. Njengazo zonke izinkanyezi zasehlane, i-aloe ithanda ilanga, kepha ngandlela thile ibekezelela ukukhanya okungalungile. Zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi ehlobo futhi azithandi ngempela ukugqoka phezulu.
5. Fan Gasteria
Iziqu zalezi zinqobelo, ezifushanisiwe ukuze uqedele ukungabonakali, zikuvumela ukuba uthandaze ubuhle bamaqabunga kuphela. Kwezinye izinhlobo Gasteria (Gasteria) atholakala ezindaweni eziminyene zakudala, kwezinye - emigqeni emibili, izitolo ezinamandla ngokulinganayo, okuthi sengathi zibekwe ngesandla “izitaki” noma abalandeli benziwe fan fan, imvamisa benompipi oyindilinga.
Amaqabunga amadala kaGasteria ayafa, futhi amancanyana angacishe aqine. Ama-warts amhlophe anika amaqabunga amnyama amnyama umphumela we-mottled. Futhi amarokhethi endodakazi akhiwe ngenani elikhulu kakhulu enza kube lula ukusabalalisa isitshalo noma ukusikhulisa "emakoloni."
Gasteria (Gasteria).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: ugwadule lwase-Afrika.
IGasteria ingeyama-suppulents akhula ngokushesha okumele adluliselwe emhlabeni ngonyaka. Gasteria overwinter bakhetha kupholile. Kepha okuseleyo bakubekezelela, kuyabekezelela, kuyathethelela kalula amaphutha futhi ehlobo kunisele kaningi.
6. Isimangaliso esiqhakaza - isibani
Phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, lezi zitshalo zisaziwa kangcono ngegama elidala lezinhlobo ezijwayelekile - I-Oscular Deltoid (I-Oscularia isuka), kepha nabanye abamele uhlobo lwe-Lamprantus (Lampranthus), lapho kufakwe ama-oculars, kufanele kunakwe. Lawa ma-shrub ahlukile kunezihlahla ezinamandla ezinamagatsha aqukethe ubudala. Bakha amaqabunga angempela, yize imifino ibukeka ingeyona ejwayelekile. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obugqinsi, obunxantathu, abanezimbambo ezivalekile, amahlamvu enza lokhu kuncipha kube okwangempela.
Kepha umbukiso wangempela we-lamprantus uqala kuphela lapho kuqalisa ukuqhakaza. Izimbali ezincane ezinjenge-chrysanthemum ezinemibala epinki noma ye-lilac ziyaqhakaza ziningi kangangokuba ngaphansi kwazo kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukwenza okuluhlaza okhethekile kwe-oscularia.
IFarighted Lampranthus (iLampranthus deltoides), noma i-Osasmia deltoid (Oscularia deltoides)Indawo yokusabalalisa: Ugwadule lwaseNingizimu Afrika.
Ekukhulisweni kwezibani, into enzima kunazo zonke ukukhetha ukuthambisa okulungile. Ngisho ehlobo kwenziwa kanqabile futhi ngokucophelela kakhulu, futhi ebusika bacishe bame. Lokhu okumnandi kufanele kuchithe isikhathi esimakhaza emakhazeni, kodwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo ezitshalweni unyaka wonke. Ngaphandle kokuthola umoya omusha, kunzima kakhulu ukukhulisa ama-lamprantuse.
7. Umuthi omncane othulisa kakhulu
Ihlukile kakhulu yabathengi otton (Thinn) - isitshalo lapho umlingisi wangempela wasogwadle akulula ukusibona ngisho nangokuthi uhlolwe eduze. Ukuqamba amanga nokubhula amahlumela onsomi onsomi aluhlaza kuhlanganiswa kulesi simila esiyingqayizivele esinamaqabunga amade naminyene (ngobude obungafika ku-7 cm ubukhulu, iqabunga lifinyelela ku-3 cm). Amahlamvu ahlelwe ngamabili ngababili, agobeke kahle, anqobile ngobuhle besimo esime ngxi-noma (lobate).
Ingxenye eyindilinga yamaqabunga akuyona into yabo engathandeki kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, ukugoba kwe-wax emithanjeni enenyama kubonakala kukhethekile. Lokhu okumnandi ngisho nokuqhakaza, kuvumela obhasikidi bezimbali ezincane ophuzi, okusobala ukuthi lesi sitshalo singesomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae.
I-Ottona Cape (i-Othonna capensis).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: Ugwadule lwaseNingizimu Afrika.
Ngawo wonke ubuhle baso obungaphandle, i-otton ingenye yezindlela ezilula zokukhulisa. Ngisho ehlobo, ukuchelela isitshalo kwenziwa cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, kugwema ukuzitika ngokweqile. Hhayi nje i-Photophilous, kepha i-otton ethanda ilanga ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, ubusika obupholile nomoya omusha.
8. Izihlahla zasePortulacaria eziyindilinga
Qhathanisa i-portulacaria (I-Portulacaria) ngomunye umuthi onjengesihlahla - intombazane enamafutha - kungaba yiphutha elikhulu. Ngempela, i-portulacaria izitshalo ezikhethekile. Izihlahla, ezithi ngaphakathi kwezimo zangaphakathi zikhule ngohlobo lwezihlahla ezinamagatsha amakhulu, amahle ngokumangazayo, abukekayo.
Amaqabunga e-Chubby enamabala anemibala ekhanyayo ahlala ngokuhlukile kumahlumela angenamanzi atholakalayo. Kulula ukwakha isitshalo, ukudala ngisho nama-silhouettes asikhumbuza i-bonsai, futhi ukuba khona kwamafomu ambalwa anemibala kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe izitshalo ngendlela othanda ngayo.
Portulacaria africa (Portulacaria afra).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: ugwadule lwase-Afrika.
Ama-portulacarias athanda ukuchitha ihlobo ngaphandle futhi awesabi ngisho nelanga lasemini. Kulula ukuzikhulisa, ngoba ngisho nasehlobo isitshalo sikhetha ukuthambisa okuvinjelwe, futhi ukusuthisa kuyaqabukela kubo.
9. Isimangaliso saseGuatemalan - IGuatemalan Chechtia
Isitshalo esisodwa esingajwayelekile, hhayi kuphela ohlwini lwezinkanyezi zasogwadule, kodwa futhi phakathi kwezilimo zasekhaya ezingaphandle. Isiqu esifushane asibonakali ngaphansi kokuphuma okumangalisa okubukeka kufana nokwenziwe. Kuma "bunches" aminyene i-hechtium (I-Hechtia guatemalensis) aqoqe amaqabunga amade futhi amancanyana aqondile angakwazi ukweluka aze afinyelela kumamitha.
Unqenqema olubi, umbala ompunga, ongaphansi kwesikhuhli nebala elibomvana ngokukhanyayo kukhanyisa i-Guatemalan hachtia ibe inkanyezi ekhazimulayo. Kepha lokhu okumnandi ukwazile ukumangaza nezimbali - panicles zezimbali ezimhlophe ezintathu-peteled.
IHybrid Guatemalan hechtia (Hechtia guatemalensis hybrid).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: Ugwadule lwaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika.
Ukukhulisa lesi siko soqobo kulula. Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza, udinga ukuhlinzeka ubusika obupholile, umbuso wokukhanya kumele uzinze, futhi unisele - ihlanzekile impela. Ukuphela kwe-hechtia kuyinto evamile engabekezeleli, emangazayo ngokukhuthazela kwayo
10. Amatshe amatshe wesiliva we-pachyphytum oviparous
Isitshalo esingaphakathi esijwayelekile futhi "esiyigugu" ngaphakathi endlini, pachyphytum (I-Pachyphytum oviferum) lezimanga ngokuthungwa, ukuma, nombala. Amahlumela amafushane awabonakali ngaphansi kwe-obovate, eyindilinga noma eyindilinga esigabeni sesiphambano, akhumbuza noma amatshe amangalisayo angamatshe noma amatshe wokuhlobisa, anamaqabunga afinyelela kubude obuyi-5 cm ku-3 cm ubukhulu.
Amaqabunga enyama anengubo enjenge-wax afakwe ngophimbo olwe-grey-white, kepha ngenxa yokugqwala emthunzini avela esiliva akhanyayo, othinta igolide elipinki ngokukhanya okukhanyayo. Kunjengokudlanga noma bahlakazekile emagqumeni phansi, babonakale njengomhlobiso owenziwe ngengaphakathi. Isiliva pachyphytum nayo iyaqhakaza ekuqaleni, ikhipha izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo kwizisekelo ezinde ezi-pubescent.
IPachyphytum oviparous (Pachyphytum oviferum).
Indawo yokusabalalisa: Ugwadule lwaseMelika.
Ukukhulisa lesi simangaliso sesiliva akunzima ukwedlula noma yikuphi ukunikela okuvamile. Ehlobo, pachyphytum ngeke inikele indawo yayo kuvulandi, kodwa lapho yaneliswa ngokunisela okune-sparse, ukuthanda ilanga nokuhle kakhulu kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa. Udinga ngisho nobusika obupholile bokuqhakaza kuphela.
