Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lo muthi ubaluleke kangakanani, futhi cishe wonke umuntu unalesi sitshalo esikhula engadini. I-anyanisi - omunye wemikhiqizo edume kakhulu futhi yasendulo kakhulu yemvelaphi yezitshalo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha, abantu bayayidla futhi bayisebenzisela ukwelapha. Sidla u-anyanisi unyaka wonke, ngoba sigcinwa ngokuyisimangaliso kusuka ezitshalweni kuya kwesilimo. Le ndatshana imayelana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo b anyanisi: ukuhlwanyela noma ukutshala, ukunakekela, ukulawula izinambuzane.
I-anyanisi
Incazelo yeBotanical ye-anyanisi
I-anyanisi IsiLatini - i-Allium cepa, abantu - i-arbazheyka, i-bulbyanka, i-tsybul, i-sibul. Okuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-anyanisi. Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-var. i-viviparum (i-multi-tiered) ne-var. i-solaninum (i-multi-crested). Ezasekhaya - E-Asia Ephakathi. Kutshalwa yonke indawo. Isitshalo se-perennial (kusiko - biennial).
I-anyanisi isibungu esingafika ku-15 cm ubukhulu, ulwelwesi. Izikali ezingaphandle zomile, ziphuzi, azivame kakhulu ukuba nsomi noma zimhlophe; okungaphakathi - okunamabala, okumhlophe, okuluhlaza okotshani noma obububende, okukhona okwisiqu esifushane, okubizwa ngokuthi phansi. Phansi ezisekelweni zesikali sejusi kukhona izinso, okukhombisa ukuthi kunamadodakazi endodakazi, akha "isidleke" samabhuleki ambalwa.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umcibisholo wezimbali ongafika ku-1.5 m mude, ungasho lutho, uvuvukala, uphela ngogesi ogeleza ngezambulela eziningi. Izimbali ezintanjeni ezinde. I-Perianth eluhlaza okombala omhlophe okufika ku-1 cm ubukhulu, wamaqabunga ayisithupha, ama-stamens 6; pestle nge-ovary ephezulu yamaseli amathathu. Ngesinye isikhathi ku-inflorescence, ngaphezu kwezimbali, kwakhiwa ama bulbs amancane. Izithelo - ibhokisi eliqukethe imbewu engaba yisithupha. Imbewu imnyama, unxantathu, ishwabene, incane. Iqhakaza ngoJuni noJulayi. Izithelo zivuthwa ngo-Agasti.
Ukwakheka: iqukethe ushukela, amaprotheni, usawoti wamaminerali, ama-amino acid, uwoyela obalulekile. I-anyanisi inothile ngamavithamini A, B1, B2, B6, PP futhi ikakhulukazi ama-ascorbic acid, imfuneko yansuku zonke umuntu anganelisa ngayo ngokudla kuphela ama-80-90 g amaqabunga aluhlaza wesitshalo ngosuku.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu anyanisi zezithombo
Ama-grooves anyanisi enza ukujula okungu-1 cm ngemuva kuka-2 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbewu kufanele libe ngu-0.5 cm. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa esilinganiswayo se-10-12 g nge-1 m. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi esebhokisini ihlanganiswa kancane bese iniselwa ngokucophelela nge-strainer. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwezitshalo, ibhokisi limbozwa ngefilimu futhi libekwe endaweni efudumele.
Umbuso omuhle kakhulu wokutshala izithombo zika-anyanisi ngesikhathi sasemini ngu-18-20 ° C, ebusuku - 10-12 ° C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nosuku olude kunomthelela wokuphakanyiswa kwezitshalo kanye nokwakheka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamabhulegi aphakathi nendawo. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, izitshalo ziyavinjwa izindlela ezitholakalayo. Bazama futhi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngemuva kokuvela ngokuphuma komoya kanye nokunisela.
Ngokubona ukuthi u-anyanisi umelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, futhi la makhasi angamelana nezinga lokushisa elinganiselwa ku-3-6 ° C, izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele abe namaqabunga ama-3-4. Ngaphambi kokuba kuthunyelwe engadini, kuhlungwa, izimpande zigxishwe kucezu lobumba ne-mullein. Lapho amaqabunga ede kune-15 cm, afinyezwa isikhafu esingu-1/3.
Kungcono ukutshala izithombo zika-anyanisi ngezimbambo zemigqa eminingi. Zibekwe ebangeni elingama-50 cm, bese zilandelana ukusuka emugqeni kubambo - ngemuva kwe-18-20 cm, izitshalo ezikulayini kufanele zibe emva kuka-10 cm cm. Uma umhlabathi womile, lapho-ke ama-grooves atholakala pre-enziwa ngesilinganiso se-1 litre ngayinye kwezitshalo ezi-3. Ukubeka izithombo eceleni kwama-grooves, ngasikhathi sinye, ngomunwe wesikhombi, cindezela izimpande odongeni oluseceleni. Ngemuva kwalokho i-groove iyambozwa, nenhlabathi eseduze kwezimpande ihlanganiswe. Izithombo, ezitshalwe ngokungacabangi, zikhula njengoba zinezimpande. Kufanele itshalwe ngo-1 cm ngokujula kunokuba yayinekhabethe. Ukutshala okujulile kubambezela ukukhula kanye nokuvuthwa kwama-anyanisi.
I-anyanisi
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala u-anyanisi nokulungisa inhlabathi
I-anyanisi isitshalo esingavimbi ukubanda. Ibekezelela kalula isithwathwa sentwasahlobo, kepha esigabeni se “loop”, izithombo zingafa ekushiseni kuka-2- -3 ° С. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwamaqabunga ngu-15-25 ° C, kepha bayakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa afike ku -7 ° C nokushisa okungaphezulu kuka-35 ° C.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhanya, u-anyanisi yisitshalo esifuneka kalula, sidinga ukukhanya okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Umswakama uyadingeka kakhulu ezitshalweni ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula, kuyilapho isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo siyadingeka ukuze kuvuthwe isibani.
I-anyanisi ifaka izimfuno eziphakeme kakhulu ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi, ngoba inohlelo lwezimpande olubuthakathaka olunokuqina okuqinile kwamaqabunga. Izindawo ezivundiswe kahle futhi ezingenakhula ziyaphambukiswa ngaphansi kwawo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi (pH 6.4-7.9). Imibhede ilungiswa ekwindla, ngokushesha emva kokuvuna okwandulelayo. Okokwemba, umquba wokuluka kahle obolile, ama-humus, amakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene asekhulile angama-3-5 kg / m2 noma imidwebo yezinyoni - uletha ama-1-2 kg / m2. Umanyolo ophumelelayo ubuye umlotha wezinkuni ku-0,5-1 kg / m2.
Umquba omusha we-anyanisi akufanele wethulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukukhula kwamaqabunga akuqedi isikhathi eside, ngenkathi ama eqala ukwakha sekwephuzile, angavuthi, athinteka kakhulu ukubola komlomo wesibeletho, futhi agcinwe kahle.
I-anyanisi isabela ekusebenziseni kukamanyolo wamaminerali. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, i-nitrogen ne-potassium zidingeka kakhulu kuye, kamuva, ngesikhathi kumiswa isibani - i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Umthamo we-superphosphate ngu-25-30 g / m2, usawoti we-potassium ngu-15-20, i-urea ingu-10 g / m2, lapho 2/3 noma 1/2 womthamo wonke womanyolo we-superphosphate ne-potassium ungeniswa ekwindla, kanti okusele nomanyolo we-nitrogen entwasahlobo. Umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe ngemithamo emincane.
Ukutshala anyanisi
I-Sevka iyimbewu ebalulekile yembewu, kukhwalithi lapho isivuno esizayo se-anyanisi turnip sincike ezicini eziningi. I-sevoc ikhule kusuka ku-anyanisi omnyama. Ekuhlwanyeleni, sebenzisa imbewu eyomile noma emanzi. Cwilisa imbewu ngezinsuku ezi-2-9 ngokushisa kwasekamelweni, eshintsha amanzi, noma emanzini afudumele (40 ° C) amahora angu-8.
Hlwanyela anyanisi ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, lapho nje inhlabathi ivuma. Hlela kuqala ama-ridges, ongaphezulu kwawo udonswe ngokucophelela futhi uhudulwe ngesigaxa. Ububanzi bamaphaneli cishe buyi-1 m, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona ingu-12-15 cm. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe imbozwe nge-humus (ungqimba 1-1.5 cm), futhi ifakwe ngaphezulu ngenhlabathi noma ngesihlabathi esinamahlamvu. Ukuthola u-anyanisi we-turnip, sebenzisa ukuhlwanyela nge-cm engu-1.5-2,5 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama bulbs ayahlukaniswa, ahlukanise omisiwe nabagulile.
Uma ngonyaka owedlule izitshalo zithintekile yi-Downy isikhutha, imbewu yokuhlonza amagciwane ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala ifudumele ekushiseni kwama-40-42 ° C amahora angama-8.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kutshalwe enhlabathini efudumele ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukusheshisa ukukhula, kusikwa “amahlombe” futhi kufakwe emanzini nge-slurry (6: 1) amahora ayi-12-24.
Egqumeni ebelilungiselelwe ngaphambili, kwakhiwa imijiko emaka imigqa, bese kutshalwa imbewu kuyo. Phezu kwe-ridge eyi-1 m, okuhlwanyelayo kutyalwe emigqeni engu-3-5 ngebanga phakathi kwawo ngamasentimitha angama-20. Ukujula kokutshala kufanele kube ukuthi ama bulbs asendlaleni enomswakama. Zifafazwa nge-humus, ungqimba okungenani we-2 cm.
I-Sevka etshalwe ngaphambi kobusika ibitshalwa kahle emigqonyeni ukuze amanzi ancibilikayo angazikhukazi entwasahlobo. Amagquma agcwele i-humus, umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nomlotha. Kutshalwe u-anyanisi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nengxenye yokuqala ka-Okthoba. Ukujula kokutshala kungama-3-4 cm, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingama-20-25 cm, phakathi kwama-bulbs emugqeni - 4-5 cm.Izaga zifakwe umquba nge-humus noma nge-peat compost, ungqimba olungama-2-2,5 cm. Kuhle ukukumboza ngamahlamvu omile ngaphezulu.
I-anyanisi
Izifo nezinambuzane zika-anyanisi
Ukubola okumhlophe
Izitshalo zithinteka zombili ngesikhathi sokukhula nangesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Lapho itheleleka ensimini ezitshalweni ezincane, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aqala phezulu bese efa. Izitshalo zibuna ngokushesha bese ziyafa. Ifomu elimhlophe le-mycelium elimhlophe ezimpandeni nasezilinganisweni zama-bulbs. I-scoutotia encane yamaphoyinti amancane ivela kwizicubu ezithintekile. Lokhu ukhunta kukhula kahle emazingeni okushisa ayi-10- 20 ° C. Ubusika emhlabathini nakuma-storages kumakhondlela athelelekile.
Izindlela zokulawulaOkokuqala, udinga ukuthola izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ukuvunwa kwe-anyanisi ama-bulbs kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwawo ngokugcwele, kulandelwe ukumiswa kwama-bulbs esimweni sezulu esishisayo endaweni evulekile kuhlu olulodwa, emanzi - okokuqala ngaphansi kophahla, bese kuba yizinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphakathi lapho umoya ufudumele ku-26-35 °. .
Lapho ulamula u-anyanisi, shiya intamo engu-3-6 cm. Kunconywa ukugcina u-anyanisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele: ukudla - ngamazinga okushisa angama-1-3 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene nama-75-80%, ama-uterine bulbs - ku-2-5 ° C no-70-80% , i-sevk - ku-18-20 ° С no-60-70%.
UMose of anyanisi
Lesi yisifo segciwane esithinta amaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence. Emagqabini, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo samachashaza amancane, angaphezulu noma ngaphansi noma imivimbo ekhanyayo eluhlaza okotshani noma okhilimu. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqabunga ayagcwala, abeke phansi ekukhuleni alale phansi. Imicibisholo imisebe eyindilinga, yobude obude ibonakala kubo. Ama-inflorescence wesitshalo esithintekile axegisiwe, izimbali azinalo inzalo noma zikhiqiza imbewu embalwa kakhulu. Esikhundleni se-stamens kanye nama-pestles, amaqabunga amade avame ukukhula, esikhundleni sezimbali, u-anyanisi.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kusuka kuzitshalo ezinesifo kuyancishiswa. Ama-anyanisi amaqabunga avela ezitshalweni ezinegciwane avame ukuba nesimo esidlule futhi angafinyeleli ekuvuthweni. Lesi sifo sidluliswa imanagiga enezinyawo ezine. Ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka kuma-anyanisi isethi, u-anyanisi wesibeletho nakuma-anyanisi ongapheli, lapho lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo esibuthakathaka samaqabunga.
Izindlela zokulawulaIzindlela eziphambili zokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane u-anyanisi no -galikhi ukuthola impahla enempilo yokutshala, ukuvikela abathwali begciwane, ukukhiqizwa kwama-uterine bulbs ezitshalweni ezinempilo nokususwa kwama-anyanisi agulisiwe.
I-anyanisi grub
Lesi izinambuzane ezisabalele. Kulimaza zonke izinhlobo ze-anyanisi, ugarlic, gladioli, ama-tulips, ama-daffodils nezinye izitshalo. Izibungu ezingena phakathi kwama-bulbs ziyazibhubhisa futhi zibangele ukubola.
Abantu abadala bandiza cishe ngamamitha ayi-9 ubude, buluhlaza ngombala, ngezinwele ezimfushane nezimfushane nangezimpondo ezimnyama ezimnyama. Amaqanda amhlophe, aphakanyisiwe ngaphandle komthombo omude, ongu-0,8 mm ubude. Izibungu ziphuzi -phuzi, ziphuzi ngokuqinile, zithambile kusukela ohlangothini lwe-ventral, kuze kufike ku-11 mm ubude. Emaphethelweni ongemuva womzimba inqubo inqubo ebomvu-nsundu enamabala amabili aphuma ezinhlangothini. Cocoons wamanga cishe 8 mm ubude, tan. Ukuphela kwasemuva komzimba kuyafana nokwama-larva.
Izindlela zokulawulaSebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kwezilimo ze-anyanisi ezitshalweni zonyaka odlule. Ukuhlelwa (noma ukushintshwa) kwemigqa ye-anyanisi kanye nezaqathe, izitshalo zika-anyanisi eduze kwezilimo zekhathuni. I-Phytoncides egcotshwa isanqante ishiya izinyamazane u-anyanisi.
Ukufakwa phakathi kokuhlikihla phakathi kwemigqa kunconywa, ngoba inkathazo igwema inhlabathi ye-peaty. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okunephunga elinamandla njenge-naphthalene kuxutshwe nesihlabathi esikalini esingu-1: 10, uthuli oluthukile olumbisi noma ngesigamu nge-lime noma ngomlotha (1-2 kg nge-10 sq. M). Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa esikhathini sokuqala sokubekwa kweqanda. Okulandelayo - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile izilimo, ususe futhi uchithe ama-bulbs awonakele. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, susa iziqongo, izinhlamvu ezilimele, kulandelwe ngokumba inhlabathi. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokwelashwa nge-infusion noma i-decoction yesitshalo se-phytoncid - ugwayi. Sebenzisa amaqabunga, isiqu. Ngokumnika, thatha i-400 g yemishini eluhlaza ebunjiwe noma uthuli, ugcizelele izinsuku ezimbili kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. I-infusion ihlungiwe. I-40 g yesepha iyangezwa kusixazululo. Ukuze uthole isimemezelo, thatha u-400 g wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ugcizelele usuku, bese ubilisa amahora ama-2. Ngemuva kokupholisa, engeza enye i-10 L yamanzi bese ufaka i-40 g yesepha kuyo yonke i-10 L yesisombululo.
I-anyanisi
I-anyanisi inundu
Kusatshalaliswa yonke indawo. Ukulimaza amaliki, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi. Ipendwe ngamathoni ansundu grey, inamaphiko ama-8-10 mm, inomphetho omnyama emaphikweni. Izibungu zibangelwa izibungu - amabhungane adonsa kusuka izimvemvane ezibekwe izimvemvane. Amakhethini angena emaqabungeni e-anyanisi awondle lapho.
Amacembe ayonakalisiwe aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile, kusukela engxenyeni ye-apical. Ama-anyanisi isethi, amacimbi ngokuvamile angena entanyeni futhi ngisho ngaphakathi kwe-isibani, abangele ukufa okuphelele kwesitshalo. Kuma-leeks kanye nogalikhi, amacimbi angamachibi amaqabunga, kuma-testes awondla ngo-efihlekile, adla iziqalo zezimbali, alume izimbotshana, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno sembewu. Kuyingozi ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni eshisayo neyomile.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo nezindlela zokulima ezifanele kufanele zibhekwe. Buyisela u-anyanisi endaweni yakhe yokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-3-6. Ukulima kwanamuhla nokugqoka okuphezulu ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo. Ukufafaza izithombo ngama-insecticides ngesikhathi sasehlobo izimvemvane nokubonakala kwezimbungulu.
I-anyanisi indiza
Izinambuzane eziyingozi ezibanzi (ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emanzi). Impukane iluhlaza grey 10mm ubude, izibungu yizibungu ezincane ezimhlophe. Kulimaza kakhulu enhlabathini enesihlabathi ne-loamy, kancane ku-peat. Ukulimala okwengeziwe kwama-anyanisi ezakhiweni zasendlini ngokulima okungapheli, okuncane - igalikhi.
Ukuhamba kwezimpukane kubonwa maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi. Amaqanda abekwa ngamaqembu ezincezu ezi-5 ukuya kwe-12 phakathi kwamaqabunga anyanisi noma igebe lomhlabathi eduze kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-9, ngokuya ngezimo zonyaka, izibungu. Zingenela izitshalo ngokusebenzisa izisekelo zamaqabunga noma phansi. Izibungu ziqubule imithambo emikhulu ebhalini. Ngenxa yomonakalo, ama bulunda abolile, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, imvamisa engxenyeni ye-apical, bese ibuna.
Izinhlamvu ezilimele zikhipha iphunga elingajabulisi, kuthi lapho zivulwa, kutholakale izibungu ezimhlophe, ezingenamlenze, ezingenamakhanda kuze kufike ku-10 mm ubude ngaphakathi. Ukukhula kwezibungu kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16 ukuya kwezingu-20, emva kwalokho zingena emhlabathini ukuze zithathwe.
Izindlela zokulawula: ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo kwezilimo ze-anyanisi ezitshalweni zonyaka odlule. Ukuhlelwa (noma ukushintshwa) kwemigqa ye-anyanisi kanye nezaqathe, izitshalo zika-anyanisi eduze kwezilimo zekhathuni. I-Phytoncides egcotshwa isanqante isusa inyoni indiza. Ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi u-anyanisi kunomthelela ekumelaneni nomonakalo yi-anyanisi fly, ngoba lapho izimpukane zihamba, izitshalo ziyobe ziqine, zihlanganiswe futhi zingonakaliswa inkathazo.
Ukufakwa phakathi kokuhlikihla phakathi kwemigqa kunconywa, ngoba inkathazo igwema inhlabathi ye-peaty. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okunephunga elinamandla njenge-naphthalene kuxutshwe nesihlabathi esikalini esingu-1: 10, uthuli oluthukile olumbisi noma ngesigamu nge-lime noma ngomlotha (1-2 kg nge-10 sq. M). Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa esikhathini sokuqala sokubekwa kweqanda. Okulandelayo - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile izilimo, ususe futhi uchithe ama-bulbs awonakele. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, susa iziqongo, izinhlamvu ezilimele, kulandelwe ngokumba inhlabathi.
Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokwelashwa nge-infusion noma i-decoction yesitshalo se-phytoncid - ugwayi. Sebenzisa amaqabunga, isiqu. Ngokumnika, thatha i-400 g yemishini eluhlaza ebunjiwe noma uthuli, ugcizelele izinsuku ezimbili kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. I-infusion ihlungiwe. I-40 g yesepha iyangezwa kusixazululo. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso Ngemuva kokupholisa, engeza enye i-10 L yamanzi bese ufaka i-40 g yesepha kuyo yonke i-10 L yesisombululo.
I-anyanisi eyimfihlo yokuzingela
Ama-bhungane kanye no-anyanisi wokulimaza izibungu, u-anyanisi we-bulgaria, chives, akuvame kakhulu - ugalikhi. Amabhungane amnyama, angama-2-3 mm ubude. I-Antennae nemilenze ibomvu-nsundu. Izibungu ziphuzi, zingenamlenze, zinekhanda elinsundu, ubude obuyi-7 mm. AmaBhungane emaqabungeni eshubhu adla imithambo emincane, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka amabala amhlophe ayindilinga.Izibungu zidla inyama ngaphakathi kweqabunga, ngemichilo emide, ngaphandle kokuthinta isikhumba sangaphandle. Ezitshalweni ezilimele, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi kusuka phezulu bese omile. Ekhothameni le-anyanisi, amabhungane aququda izimbotshana, okubangela ukufa kwezimbali.
Izindlela zokulawula: ukuqoqwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezinsalela zasemuva kokuvunwa, ukulima ekwindla, ukucekela phansi izindawo zobusika zamabhungane. Ukuvulwa okwengeziwe kwesikhala somugqa ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwezibungu, kulandelwa ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo angenamaminerali, ukungezelelwa kokuthintela - umlotha wokhuni, umnyama omnyama nopelepele obomvu, lwesinaphi owomile. Ukususa amaqabunga owonakele ngokubhujiswa kwezibungu. Ukufafaza izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula neKarbofos - 60 g nge-10 l lamanzi. Ilitha elilodwa lesisombululo lidliwa yi-10 sq.m.
Ugwayi ka-Onion Thrips
Isinambuzane esivamile. Kulimaza u-anyanisi, ugwayi, iklabishi, amakhabe, ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Abantu abadala banombala ophuzi noma onsundu ngombala onamaphiko amancanyana ahlanganiswe ngasemaphethelweni yi-fringe, engaba ngu-1 mm ubude. Amaqanda mancane, amise okwezinso, mhlophe. Izibungu ziyafana ngokubukeka kuma-thrips amadala, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi omncane, ngaphandle kwamaphiko, ekuqaleni zimhlophe, bese ziba umbala ngombala. I-Adult thrips overwinter kudoti wemithi, engxenyeni ephezulu yenhlabathi, kepha inani elikhulu ligxiliwe ngaphansi kwesikali sama-bulbs. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zidla ukhula bese zishintshela ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe.
I-anyanisi enkundleni
Uma u-anyanisi onakele, kuvela amabala amhlophe kwesiliva emacembe. Ezindaweni lapho kudonswa khona ama-thrip esweni elinqunu, i-phytophage extrement ngesimo samachashazi amnyama iyabonakala. Amaqabunga alimile aphuzi aphuzi, afe, aqala engxenyeni yezitshalo. Uma ama-inflorescence ama-testes elinyaziwe, lawo manzi aphenduka aphuzi, bese omile, akukho mbewu eyenziwayo, noma abuthaka, ngokuhluma okuphansi. Enye ingxenye yesibulala zinambuzane ingena esitolo esinezitolo, lapho iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ukushisa kwegciwane kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlwanyela emanzini afudumele ekushiseni kwe-45-50 ° C imizuzu engu-10-15. Ukuhlwanyelwa kuphela ngembewu enempilo. Ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezilimo nokubuya kuka-anyanisi, igalikhi endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-3-4. Ngaphambi kokubeka u-anyanisi wesitoreji, yenza ukubumba amandla okuphoqayo kwama-storages, ukomisa nokushisa amabhulethi ngokushisa kwe-35-37 ° C izinsuku ezingama-5-7. Esitoreji emazingeni okushisa amahle, gcina umswakama womoya ungabi ngaphezu kwama-70%. Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nge-Iskra DE (1 ithebhulethi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Chitha amalitha ayishumi esisombululo nge-100 sq.m.
I-anyanisi ingathatha indawo ekhemisi yonke, ngoba isiza izifo eziningi. Umuthi odume kakhulu i-anyanisi syrup, obaluleke kakhulu kumakhaza, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela kanye nomqala obuhlungu. Kulula kakhulu ukulungiselela isiraphu elinjalo: hlanganisa u-anyanisi oqoshiwe namasupuni amathathu uju, uvale isivalo bese uwukhulula esiqandisini (amahora ayi-6). Thatha ijusi eligayiwe njalo amahora amathathu, isipuni esisodwa. Futhi ube nempilo!
