Ukugqwala emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula, kanye nokunye ukusilela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo kukhombisa ukuba khona kwalesi sifo. Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezinjalo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo ze-apula
Namuhla, kukhona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezifo zesihlahla se-apula. Ezivame kakhulu yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- umdlavuza omnyama;
- isibazi;
- i-powdery hlobo;
- ukubola kwezithelo.
Isifo ngasinye siyingozi ngendlela yaso. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zesifo esincane kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ngokushesha uqale ukwelashwa kwesitshalo.
Umdlavuza omnyama
Izifo ze-Apple Tree kanye nokwelashwa kwazo (izithombe zitholakala kwi-Intanethi) zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu umdlavuza omnyama. Isifo esifanayo singabonakala kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabungeni - inani nobukhulu bawo bukhula nsuku zonke;
- ukuba khona kokubola okumnyama esitsheni;
- ukumnyama kwegxolo lomuthi, ukubonakala kokuqhekeka okuningi ebusweni bayo, ukuphambuka kwayo ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omnyama we-apple kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa uketshezi lweBordeaux - luphatha izindawo ezithintekile esiqwini. Kodwa ukwenza lo msebenzi kudingekile kuphela emva kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwesifo salolu hlobo, kufanelekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nokugcina inani lezitshalo. Amabala amnyama emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula awanakuqedwa, kepha ungavimba ukubukeka kwawo:
- silwe nezinambuzane ezincane;
- zalisa umquba womhlabathi ngendlela efanele.
Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lomcimbi luba lunele ukuvikela umdlavuza omnyama ekuthelelekeni kwesihlahla. Uma esizeni kukhona noma izitshalo ezazithintwe yilesi sifo yize kunjalo, kubalulekile ukusika izingxenye ezimnyama zamagxolo namagatsha, bese uzishisa ngaphandle kwendawo.
Isikali
Enye yemibuzo evamile abalimi: ithumba esihlahleni sama-apula - ungabhekana kanjani nayo? Lesi sifo kulula ukusinquma. Iziveza cishe ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo singenwe. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokutheleleka ukugqwala emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula. Uma kungenzeka, kubalulekile ukuqala ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isifo salolu hlobo ingukudla okuvame kakhulu. Umuthi ungasindiswa kuphela uma ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezindawo zokutheleleka. Uma uqala lesi sifo ngokweqile, khona-ke ungasho kahle kusitshalo. Kungcono ukuzijwayeza izimpawu zesifo somuthi we-apula kusenesikhathi ngesithombe.
Ukulwa nesifo salolu hlobo kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi kwenziwe kusetshenziswa "iTopazi" ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- into ihlanganiswe ngesilinganiso 2 ml ngamalitha ayi-10;
- ngisho nangaphambi kokuqhakaza, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuhlanganisa isiqu sesihlahla;
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo kumele sibuye siphathwe.
Futhi, esikhundleni seTopazi, ungasebenzisa i-Hom. Kufanele ihlanjululwe ngenani lama-40 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ifafaza isiqu sesitshalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kwayo. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala nesibabule se-colloidal, esivuthwa ngenani lama-80 g ngebhakede lamanzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayigcwalisi ngamakhompiyutha angenhla. Lokhu kungadala ukushiswa kwegxolo kanye nesembozo esinqenayo.
I-Powdery hlobo
Isifo esinjenge-Powdery isikhutha siyingozi ngoba silimaza amahlumela amasha kanye nezinhlamvu zesihlahla se-apula.
Isifo seqabunga le-apula salolu hlobo saziwa ngokusakazeka okushesha kakhulu. Umuthi ophethwe yifungus obangela lesi sifo ungafa enyangeni eyodwa nje. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi i-mycelium isinde ebusika obubandayo esiqwini sesitshalo futhi ngemuva kokuthi i-thaw iqale ukusebenza ngamandla avuselelekile, ichithe isihlahla sezithelo ngaphakathi.
Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izihlahla ze-apula ezifweni zohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo:
- "UTopazi";
- "Maduze."
Izingoma ezitholwayo kufanele zixutshelwe ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-2 mg kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Kulokhu, ukucubungula kwenziwa kangcono ngokusebenzisa isifutho esikhethekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukwenza ukucubungula kwesihlahla nge-chloride yethusi, okuyilapho umuthi obizwa nge- "Hom" uphelele. Kufanele izalwe ngenani lama-40 g ngebhakede lamanzi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokwenza lezi zenzo ezingenhla isitshalo sibukeka ngendlela ejwayelekile, azikho izimpawu zesifo kuso. Kubalulekile ukuqoqa zonke izithelo. Ukunciphisa amathuba okuphinde kubuyele lesi sifo, kufanele futhi ukwelashwa nge-Bordeaux fluid - ikhambi le-1%. Isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi naso siphelele. Kufanele kuxutshwe nenani lama-50 g ngebhakede lamanzi, ngenkathi kufakwa i-20 g yesepha ewuketshezi.
Izithelo bola
Kungani amaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula aphenduka aphuzi ngoJuni? Isizathu salokhu kungaba ukubola okujwayelekile kakhulu kwezithelo. Ngaphandle kwegama, alithinti ama-apula ngokwawo, kodwa namahlamvu. Kodwa-ke, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuba khona kwesifo salolu hlobo ubukhona bomonakalo omkhulu wezithelo.
Isifo salolu hlobo siyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ubukhona baso bungatholakala kuphela ngemuva kokuba inqubo yezimbali isiqediwe, uma kutholakala izithelo ezonakeleyo. Ukulwa nokubola kwezithelo kunzima impela - kulimaza ama-aphula ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe. Indlela enhle yokuphuma kwalesi simo ukuvimbela ukwanda kwalesi sifo.
Kuhle ukuzama nje ukuvikela lolu hlobo lwezifo ukuthi lingaveli ezithelo nasezihlahleni. Kulula ukwenza lokhu: ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-emulsion ye-nitrafen ejwayelekile - le nto ihlanjululwe ngenani lama-200 g ngama-10 wamalitha amanzi. Le mithi elandelayo ilungile futhi ekuphatheni isifo sohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo:
- I-DNOC - 200 g ngawo wonke amalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- ukumiswa kwesibabule se-colloidal - 100 g kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa amathuba wesifo sohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo ukuqoqa zonke izithelo ezithintekile bola bese uzibhubhisa ngokuhlelekile. Lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe nsuku zonke. Lahla ama-aphula ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kusayithi. Kungakuhle ukuthi ungazingcwabi emhlabathini ungazilahli, kodwa zimane uzishise. Ngakho-ke ungabhubhisa ngokuphelele ukhunta we-pathogenic, okuholela ekubukekeni kokubola.
Ukugwema isimo lapho amaqabunga embozwe amabala ansundu esihlahleni sama-apula, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi wokuvimbela kufanele zenziwe.
Okokuqala, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwesiqu sesihlahla. Umgqomo kufanele ube ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuba khona kwanoma yikuphi ukuqhekeka nezinye iziphambeko akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kusebenza namahlamvu, izithelo. Noma ngabe izimpawu zanoma yiziphi izifo zivele ngeqabunga elilodwa noma amabili noma ama-apula, yonke inkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo zokuqeda isibulala lesi sitshalo kufanele yenziwe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzomsindisa ekufeni.
Kunzima impela ukukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula, naphezu kokuzithoba kweziningi zezinhlobo zazo. Kungakho kudingekile ukubhekisisa isimo sayo. Njengoba ukwelashwa okungazelelwe kwezifo ezichaziwe, ungalahlekelwa hhayi kuphela isivuno, kodwa futhi nesihlahla uqobo.
