IPapaya (Carica papaya) iyisitshalo se-herbaceous perennial semvelaphi yaseNingizimu Melika, izithelo zazo zifana nenhlanganisela yezinambitha ezimbili - ama-sitrobheni namakhabe. Isiqu sepapaya sifana kakhulu ne-bamboo, futhi amaqabunga afana kakhulu ne-maple, kepha sikhulu kakhulu. Ikhula kahle, hhayi kuphela ezimeni zemvelo, kepha nasekhaya, efulethini noma ku-greenhouse. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukuphakama kwesitshalo ngonyaka kungakhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-3-5. Ekhaya, kusobala, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokuthena okujwayelekile, yingakho i-papaya iqala ukunikeza inani elikhulu lamahlumela aseceleni.
Abanye abalimi batusa ukutshala i-papaya ebhodweni lezimbali elinomthamo omncane ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwalo ngokushesha. Le ndlela inikeza imiphumela yayo - ukuphakama kwesitshalo ngeke kudlule uphawu lwamamitha amabili, kepha inani lesivuno nalo lizokwehla kakhulu. Ezimweni zasekamelweni, lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle, i-papaya ingaphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Lapho usidlulisela endaweni yehlobo kusuka kumthamo wezimbali kuya esakhiweni segadi, ukukhula kuzokhula ngezinga elijwayelekile kuzimo zemvelo.
Ukunakekelwa kwePapaya Ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Indawo imbiza yezimbali yepapaya kufanele ibe kuyo egumbini elifudumele noma elipholile kancane ngaphandle kokubandayo okubandayo noma imisinga yomoya ebandayo engazelelwe. Yize lesi sitshalo sithanda kakhulu umoya omusha nomoya ojwayelekile, kodwa ebusika kudingeka uqaphele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungasilimazi. Njengoba abanye abamele izimbali zingadala ukushiswa yilanga, lokhu kungenzeka ku-papaya ebusika kusuka ekubandeni okubandayo. Amaminithi ambalwa womfudlana obandayo anele ukuba wonke amaqabunga angathamba esitshalweni.
Ukushisa
I-papaya yaseTropiki namuhla ivamile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi yethu futhi ikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushisa ezahlukahlukene nesimo sezulu. Kepha esinye sezimo ezibalulekile nezidingo zaqhubeka zigcina futhi zikhula ngamazinga okushisa okufanele wedlule uphawu lwe-zero ku-thermometer. Uma kuphela izinga lokushisa lomoya lihla laya ku-1 degree frost, khona-ke ngeke kube lula ukusindisa lesi sitshalo. Futhi izingxenye zezindiza nezimpande ziyafa ngokuphelele.
Izinga lokushisa elifanelekayo lokukhulisa i-papaya efulethini noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa, lapho ukukhula okuphelele nentuthuko kuzoqinisekiswa khona, lisuka kuma-25 liye kwangama-28 degrees, kepha akunakuthi ngaphezu kokushisa kwama-30 nokuphakama okuphezulu kuyingozi efanayo kulesi sitshalo. Ebusika, ibanga lokushisa elilungile ukushisa okuyi-14-16.
Kule modi, ikhula futhi ikhula kahle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu iletha izithelo eziningi ezinkulu (cishe ezingama-40 cm). Akunakwenzeka ukudala induduzo yemvelo ekhaya, ngakho-ke ubukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo kuzoba nesizotha kakhulu - lezi yizithelo ezimbalwa ezisukela ngosayizi kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-25 cm.
Ukunisela
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-papaya lutholakala eduze kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke ungqimba lwayo olungaphezulu akufanele lusetshenziswe ngokweqile ukusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba. Izimpande zidinga umswakama ojwayelekile, ngaphandle kokunisela ngokweqile kwamanzi okunisela. Ukugwema ukubola kwezimpande, ivolumu kanye nemvamisa yokunisela ebusika emazingeni okushisa aphansi kunconywa ukuthi kuncishiswe kube okungenani. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lwezimpande alusebenzi ngamandla aphelele, futhi inani elijwayelekile lomswakama lingalimaza isitshalo kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, i-papaya ayidingi ukuthambisa, ngoba inamandla okuphelela ukugcina umswakama nokubekezelela ukoma kwenhlabathi isikhathi esithile. Ukudonsa inhlamvu yamaqabunga phakathi nenkathi epholile nakho kujwayelekile kwi-papaya futhi akufanele kubangele ukwethuka kumnini wayo.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
I-papaya ekhula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezishisayo ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo izodinga amandla amaningi nokudla okuhle ngendlela yomanyolo. Ukugqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi okwomile noma okuwuketshezi okuphezulu (ungakunaki futhi ukufafazwa okunempilo kweziqu namaqabunga) kunconyelwa ukuthi kufakwe emhlabathini njalo izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga kuze kube kuqala ekwindla. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, asikho isidingo sokondla isitshalo.
Ukukhetha kwezithelo
Ukuze i-papaya iqale ukwakha izithelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezinhlobonhlobo ezizitholelayo noma izitshalo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye - owesilisa nowesifazane, okuthi, ngenkathi bezimbali, bangavumbuluka ezimweni zasekamelweni. Izinhlobo ze-papaya ze-dioecious zithela izithelo kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile.
Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuwa kokuqala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungagijimeli isivuno ukuze izithelo zepapaya zivuthwe ngokuphelele futhi ujusi wazo wama-Milky, onobuthi ku-papaya eluhlaza, ube namanzi futhi ulahlekelwe yizindawo zawo eziyingozi.
Izindlela zokuzala zikaPapaya
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu esitsheni esigcwele i-moss noma noma yimuphi umhlabathi oxegayo onesiphambano esihle samanzi nomoya ukuya ekujuleni okungatheni (cishe ama-5 mm). Isitsha sokutshala esinembewu kufanele sibekwe egumbini elifudumele elinokushisa okuhlala njalo okungama-25 kuya kuma-28 degrees Celsius. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele cishe isonto nesigamu. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuhluma kwembewu kuzohamba kancane.
Imbewu yePapaya inezinga lokumila eliphakeme kakhulu, elihlala iminyaka eminingana lapho ligcinwa kahle (ngokwesibonelo, kuma-glassware avalwe ngokuqinile egumbini elipholile).
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Indlela yokusika yokukhiqiza isetshenziswa kaningi kunembewu. Ukusika kusikwa esitshalweni esiyinhloko engeli lama-degrees angama-45. Ububanzi bawo obuphakathi buba okungenani yi-1.5 cm, ubude bawo buyi-10-12 cm. Ingxenye yamaqabunga idinga ukusikwa cishe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwamaphetshana ambalwa esiqongweni sesibambo. Indawo yokusikwa engxenyeni engezansi kumele yomiswe ngokuphelele izinsuku ezingama-5-7, bese ifafazwa ngamalahle aqhekeziwe bese ifakwa kwisisombululo se-biostimulator, ezoba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimpande.
Izimo ezithandekayo zokwenza ukhula lwenqanaba lokushisa lomoya (cishe ama-28 degrees Celsius), ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, umswakama ophakeme, umugqa osezingeni eliphakeme (isibonelo, i-peat, isihlabathi noma ingxube yabo ngokulingana okulinganayo). Ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa ku-2-3 cm enhlabathini enomswakama, emva kwalokho izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu. Izimo zeHothouse zingadalwa kusetshenziswa ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinoqweqwe olungaphezulu, imbiza yengilazi noma isikhwama sepulasitiki esivamile. Amandla wesibambo adinga inani elincane. Isitshalo sitshalwa esitsheni esizoba cishe ngama-2-3 cm amakhulu kunesokuqala.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-paya enkulu futhi evamile kakhulu - i-spider mite - ivela kulesi sitshalo ezimeni zangaphakathi lapho izinga lomswakama egumbini liphansi kakhulu noma umoya womile. Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo - izinqubo zamanzi ezijwayelekile ngendlela yokufafaza komqhele, ezenziwa kaningana ngosuku. Amanzi kufanele apholile noma abande. Uma izehlakalo ezinjalo zingalethi impumelelo, khona-ke amalungiselelo asemvelo aklanyelwe ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi azosiza. Zingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile ngendlela ka-powder, uketshezi noma isifutho futhi zisetshenziswe ngokwemiyalo esephaketheni.
Enye yezifo ezejwayelekile ukubola kwezimpande. Ukuvela kwalesi sifo sikhunta kuhlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kwemithetho yokunakekela i-papaya ngenkathi ebandayo. Okuqukethwe egumbini elibandayo elinamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-15 degrees kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi abandayo okunisela kuholela kumonakalo engxenyeni yezimpande nasekufeni kancane kancane kwesitshalo sonke.
Sebenzisa i-papaya ekuphekeni
Izithelo zePapaya zithathwa njengezendawo yonke futhi zilungele ukudla, hhayi kuphela ngefomu eluhlaza. Uma bengavuthiwe kancane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyisebenzisa njengemifino bese upheka isitshulu noma ubhake kuhhavini neminye imifino. Kusuka kwizithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, ungenza ukugcwaliswa kwepayi okumnandi noma engeza ku-smoothie yezithelo noma i-jelly. Ijusi lePapaya aligcineli ukunambitheka okumnandi nje kuphela, kepha linempahla eyodwa ethokozisayo - lithambisa inyama ethandekayo. Kungakho ochwepheshe baseMelika bezokuvakasha becabanga ukuthi ijusi ye-papaya njengesithako esisemqoka ku-marinade.
