I-Cacti iyiqembu elithandayo lezitshalo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zemvelo yezindawo ezivela kuzo, zakha ukubukeka okungavamile kwezitho zemvelo nokunye ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezinzima.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izitshalo ezingajwayelekile yizintaba eziphakemeyo zethaba le-Andes (2000-4000 m ngaphezu kolwandle) lweBolivia, iPeru, kanye nenyakatho yeArgentina. Umndeni osemusha ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, obonakala ngokuhlukahluka kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukile. Yakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ngokushintshwa okubukhali kokushisa nomswakama ezinsizeni ezifakiwe zezakhi ezakhiwe kahle yizicucu zamatshe.
I-Echinopsis crucible, noma i-Lobivia iscrossible (lat.Echinopsis tiegeliana).
I-Lobivia noma i-echinopsis?
Abalimi be-Amateur babiza i-lobivia ekusebenziseni kwasekhaya ngezindlela ezihlukile. Abaningi babheka igama le-genus elithi “echinopsis” njengelilungile (ngesiGreek liyafana ne-hedgehog). Ngempela, namuhla i-lobivia nezinhlobonhlobo zayo ku-taxonomy esemthethweni yezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-Echinopsis.
UKarl Linnaeus waba ngowokuqala ukuchaza futhi ahlukanise izitshalo ezincane ezinwebekile ezinezindingiliza eziyindilinga, eziyindilinga, ezigxunyekwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukile futhi aziqambe ngokuthi "yi-Lobivia" (kusuka kwi-anagram yaseBolivia, okuyindawo yokuqala yemvelaphi). Kamuva, amanye ama-botanists ahlongoza ukuhlukanisa ama-subspecies kuhlobo oluhlukile "Lobivia".
Kukholelwa ukuthi uhlobo lweLobivia, olufana kakhulu nohlobo lwe-Echinopsis, lunomehluko othile:
- mncane ngokwendalo kunhlobo lwe-Echinopsis, njengoba kufakazelwa yizindawo eziphezulu ezivumelanayo emvelweni nasekuhlanganiseni kalula izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo;
- Isakhiwo esingaphandle nendawo yokuhlala yeLobivia incane kune-Echinopsis, kepha abamele bayo bane-areoles voluminous ethe xaxa nezinaliti ezinkulu. Ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi wezimbali, i-gamut yazo enemibala, ama-lobes ahlukahlukene kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene yama-stems - kusuka ku-grey-greenish, okuluhlaza okotshisiwe kuya ku-brown.
Kodwa-ke, awukho umngcele ocacile phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ummeleli oyinhloko wohlobo lwempumelelo elinganayo ubizwa ngeLobivia noma i-Echinopsis. Isibonelo, iLobivia Sylvester inelinye igama elivamile i-Chametereus Sylvester. Kwesinye isikhathi le mbali ibizwa nge-Echinopsis chamecereus.
I-Echinopsis yeSylvester, noma iLobivia yeSylvester, noma iChamecereus kaSylvester.
Izici Zokuphilayo zeLobivia
Isici esiyisisekelo sebhayoloji imfanelo yomzimba emangalisayo yokuzivikela. Abamele ejwayelekile bohlobo olunesiqu esiyindilinga, esiyindilinga, nesiyindilinga, esilungiselelwe ukugcotshwa kwamanzi ngokuzayo. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-2-50 ngesilinganiso esingu-3- 15 cm. Iziqu zinembali, ama-tubercle amancane ayabonakala ngaphansi kwama-areoles. Umbala weziqu uhlukahluka kusuka ebumnyameni kuya kwe-green-green shades, embozwe ngameva aqondile noma aqalekile agobile. Umsuka, induku noma okuphindaphindayo, ukugcinwa, uhlobo lwayo ikakhulukazi kuncike kungqimba yezakhi zomhlaba.
Izici zokuhlobisa zohlobo lwezinhlobo zesimo esinqunyiwe ikakhulukazi ngosayizi nombala (okucacile noma okuncibilikayo) wezimbali kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokhanyayo okhanyayo nama-pink-purple. Zitholakala maphakathi nengxenye yesiqu kuma-areoles. Izimbali ezimise okomumo womsebenzi 3 cm cm ubude no-4-12 cm ububanzi (kwesinye isikhathi ama-20-30 cm) ezinyawo ezifudumele zitholakala eqenjini elizungeze isiqu noma njengezimbali ezihlukene zamuva. Ukusuka kuzimbali eziphakathi nendawo, ama-stamens alengiswa kahle ezintanjeni ezinde ezicwebezelayo. Isikhala sembali siyizinsuku ezingama-2-4. Qhakaza kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Izithelo ngesimo samabhokisi 1.0-1.5 cm luhlaza noma obomvu. Namuhla, ukuqoqwa kohlobo lwe- "Lobivia" kugcwaliswe kabusha nge nzalo enezimbali nezimbali ezihlanganisiwe, ezihlotshiswe ngameva ahlangene angaziwa. Ama-exotic ahlukaniswa abafuyi bezithelo aba umhlobiso weqiniso hhayi wamafulethi kuphela, kepha futhi imbali eyintandokazi yamahhovisi.
Izidingo Zokukhula
Izimo ezinzima ze-Alpine Andes zinqume isimo se-lobivia emvelweni.
Izitshalo zinezithombe eziningi. Ehlobo, udinga ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo, okunomthunzi omncane elangeni eliqondile.
Dinga ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa ebusuku nasebusuku. Babekezelela ukushisa komoya esikhathini esisebenzayo sokuphila ngaphakathi kuka +25 - + 35 ° C. Qhakaza kakhulu ngemuva kokushisa komoya okuphansi kwasebusika +8 - + 12 ° C.
ILobivia ikhula kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zenhlabathi ene-acidic (pH = 5.6), inempilo, ivunyelwe ngokuvela okuhle.
ILobivia ayikubekezeleli ukukhukhula, ukuthambisa kudinga ukulinganisela. Ukuchelela okuningi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kodwa ngaphandle kokuntengantenga kwamanzi, kuvumelekile. Ebusika, izitshalo aziniselwa. Ngokugcwala kwamanzi ngokuhambisana nokubanda, ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande kuyavela.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesidingo, kuhlinzeka ngamathuba wokukhula kwemvelo kwezitshalo ngokwenziwa kwamakholoni ngendlela yemicamelo eminyene.
ILobivia Arachnacantha (cobwebbed), efana ne-Echinopsis Arachnacantha (lat. Echinopsis ancistrophora).
Ukukhula kwe-lobivia kumasiko egumbi
Lapho ukhule ekhaya, i-lobivia ibekwa ohlangothini olunelanga ngokukhanya okwanele. Isitshalo esithengiwe kudingeka sidluliselwe enhlabathini enempilo. Njengoba unikezwe usayizi we-lobivia, ungazalela ingadi encane yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nzalo efasiteleni ngefasitela ebanzi.
Ukunakekelwa KweLobivia
Ukufakelwa kanye nokufakelwa
Isitsha sengadi encanyana kufanele sibe banzi ngama-25-30 cm, sinendawo eyanele yokukhula kwezingane ezizayo. Ukujula komthamo okungenani kuya ku-10 cm. Ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisodwa, umthamo weqa ubukhulu be-eyedlule nge-1 cm.
Inhlabathi yenhlabathi ingathengwa esitolo (inhlabathi ye-cactus) noma ungalungisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokwakho. Ukuqanjwa kufaka izingxenye ezi-3 ze-humus yamaqabunga, izingxenye ezi-4 zomhlaba wesod, izingxenye ezi-3 ze-gravel noma isihlabathi esihlanganayo, izingxenye ze-Peat. I-5-10 g ye-nitrophoska nge-kg ngayinye yenhlanganisela ifakwa engxenyeni futhi ihlanganiswe kahle.
Okungenani kukalwa imitha engu-2-5 cm ngaphansi kwezithangi, kuhlanganiswe ingxenye yengxube yenhlabathi. Khipha i-cactus ebhodweni. Hlola izimpande futhi ususe abagulayo, ababolile. Inhlama yenhlabathi ibhujiswa kuphela ezitshalweni ezinesistimu yezimpande enezifo.
Isitshalo esilungiselelwe kanye nenqwaba yenhlabathi (ngomonakalo omncane ezimpandeni) sitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Lapho utshala, awukwazi ukungcwaba isiqu se-cactus enhlabathini. Intamo yomsuka wesitshalo kufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlaba (ngisho nangaphezulu kancane). Ingxube yenhlabathi kumele yomile. Kungcono ukumboza ingxenye engezansi yesiqu nge-drainage engenhla, okuzolungisa ngaso leso sikhathi isitshalo endaweni eqondile.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-cactus akufanele iniselwe izinsuku ezingama-4-10. Uma transshipment senziwe, khona-ke ingathelwa ngejwayelekile.
Isitshalo esitshalwe kabusha akufanele sivezwe yilanga elikhanyayo.
Ukutshala nokutshala kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kobusika, ukuthambisa kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo.
U-Elinopsis Chrysantha, noma uLobivia Chrysanthus (lat.Echinopsis chrysantha).
Ukunisela i-lobivia
Ukuchelela izitshalo kwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, okuniselwa kakhulu ngenkathi yezimbali. Amanzi okunisela kufanele afudumele, angabi ne-chlorine ne-calcium. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesomile, izitshalo ezincane ezinengcosana yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi zidinga ukuniselwa nsuku zonke ekuseni, ukuze kuthi kusihlwa inhlabathi isomile, bese izimpande zingaboli zisuka emswakama ngokweqile. Amanzi kumele akhishwe kwisigaxa.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ungafafaza izimbali, kepha kungcono ukumane ukhiphe uthuli ngebhulashi bese uhlela okugeza, ukumboza inhlabathi ngaphansi kwefilimu ngefilimu.
Ebusika, ama-cacti asesigabeni esimanzi futhi awadingi kuthambisa. Amazinga wegumbi kufanele ancishiswe abe ngu-+8 - + 10 ° С. Uma inhlabathi yomile kakhulu (imbiza iyakhala uma ithephuka), kanye ngenyanga inganyiswa kancane ngamanzi acwebile kancane. Izimo ze-lobivia ezicashile ngaphandle kokunisela.
Entwasahlobo, i-lobivia ibuyiselwa emakamelweni afudumele, akhanyisiwe futhi okunisela okulinganiselayo ngoMashi ngamanzi afudumele ayenziwa. Ukuchelela okulandelayo kwenziwa lapho kuvela izimbali bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, kuhlolwe umswakama wenhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokunisela kubambezela ukukhula kwezimbali.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-cacti aqala ukuqhakaza izimbali zawo ezinhle. ILobivia iyi-cactus yezimbali, ubude bayo ethatha izinsuku ezingama-2-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbali kufanele zibe nomswakama owenele (ngaphandle kwamanzi ngokweqile). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, inani nezinga lokunisela kancane kancane liyehla. Isitshalo siphumula kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthambisa kuqale phansi, kunciphisa kancane kancane maphakathi no-Okthoba. Eshumini lesithathu lika-Okthoba, lesi sitshalo sithatha umhlalaphansi kuze kube uMashi.
Lobivia umsoco
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisebenzayo sezimila (Mashi-Septhemba) ngomanyolo okhethekile we-cacti kanye njalo emavikini ayi-2-3. I-Miniature cacti feed 1/2 yethamo elinconyiwe. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka okungaphezulu nokunisela. Ama-cacti amakhulu kwesinye isikhathi aduthiswa ngezixazululo ezihlanjululwe ze-ammonium nitrate (1 g / l lamanzi) noma imidwebo yezinyoni (ukumiliswa kwethisipuni elicwengekileyo nge-1 l yamanzi).
ILobivia pampana, noma i-Echinopsis pampana (lat.Echinopsis pampana).
Ukusakazwa kweLobivia
ILobivia isatshalaliswa yimbewu, imigomo kanye nezingane zezinzalo zezitshalo. Ukuzala okulula okwenziwe yizingane ezilandela kamuva. Ahlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ashiywe ukuze abune izinsuku ezingama-4-5 futhi atshalwe emabhodweni.
Uma ufisa, ungazama ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokugoma esitokisini. Esiphungweni esincane esingenalo lignified, isiqu sisikiwe (musa ukuhlafuna) ngommese obukhali onamahlamvu okubulala amagciwane, sishiya ingxenye engezansi yobude obudingekayo. Imicu emincane inqunywa engxenyeni esikiwe yesiphuli endaweni eyodwa bese ibekwa engxenyeni esetshenzisiwe yesiphunzi ukuze ukusika kungonakali. Sika ingaphezulu le-scion futhi, ususe imivimbo yokuphepha esitokisini, hlanganisa ama-halves womabili (isitokhwe nge-scion). Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, imiphetho ebukhali yezilayi izungezwa isiyingi ukuze ifanelane ngokuqinile futhi ingaguqi ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi. Ukuze uzinze, isitoko silungiswe enhlabathini ngesikhonkwane. Ukuqondanisa kwenziwa ukuze izikhungo ze-scion kanye nesitoko zihambisane kahle nemishayo ye-coun okungenani yohlangothi olulodwa. Ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo okucindezelwayo, bacindezela (bhekabheka) is scion in stock. Ukuvimbela ama-bubble emoyeni phakathi kwabo. Izindandatho ze-Rubber ziqinise ngokuqinile isisetshenziswa sesiphambano ngokunqamula esitokisini ngesitoko kanye nembiza. Njengomthetho, isitoko sibanzi kune-scion. Ngemuva kwenhlanganisela, imbozwe yisibabule noma i-carbon powder ngemuva kwenhlanganisela. Umuthi wokugoma ufakwa endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo. Musa ukuhambisa amanzi kuze kube yilapho isilayisi seoma. Ngemuva kwalokho, phakamisa izinga lokushisa lomoya lisebenze kahle (+ 25 ° C) bese uqala ukuthambisa. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze amaconsi amanzi angaweli endaweni yokugoma. I-bandage-bond eminyene ayisusiwe kumaviki angu-1-2, phakathi lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kufanele kwenzeke. Uma isayithi elisikiwe selomile, i-scion isikhiphe izimpande, seyaphela ngandlela thile, okusho ukuthi ukugoma kwehlule futhi konke kumele kuqale kabusha konke. Kunezinye izindlela zokugoma, ukwahlukana nokugaya.
I-Echinopsis Schreiter syn. ILobivia Schreiter. (lat. Echinopsis schreiteri).
Izidakamizwa ezifuywayo efulethini kanye nehhovisi
ILobivia ibhekisela ku-cacti emangalisa. Amafomu abo amancane aqala kusuka ku-2 cm ukuphakama. Ngakho-ke, eLobivia Arachnakant, isiqu asidluli isentimitha esingu-4. Senziwe kahle ngesibhakabhaka, sambozwa nge-spines-spider, futhi i-grey green-ayisebenzi. I-apotheosis yobuhle iwela esikhathini sezimbali. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinkulu zifihla ngokuphelele isiqu esingasebenzi.
Enhle engadini ebabazekayo ye-cactus yizicamelo ezigcweleyo zeLobivia Sylvester. Izimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu ziheha izimbali zazo ezinkulu ngokungajwayelekile. Sicela wazi! I-Sylvester Lobivia iqhakaza kuphela emva kobusika obubandayo.
Kuhlukaniswa izindawo ezigqamile zezimbali ezinkulu zino-raspberry okhanyayo, opinki ogqamile, izimbali eziphuzi ezibomvu zegolide zavela emahhovisi eLobivia Chrysantha, Tigel, Bakeberg, Schreiter, Gold ophuzi nabanye.
Ochungechungeni lwama-exotic amahle angawodwa, kufanele kuphawulwe. Isitshalo esikhangayo esinesiqu esingama-5-6 cm aminyene, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimbambo zesiqu zihlotshiswe ngama-10-20 spiny brown areoles afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Ama-blooms anezimbali ezibomvu ezenziwe nge-funnel ezinamasentimitha ayi-6 cm.
I-Echinopsis Bakeberg noma iLobivia Bakeberg (lat.Echinopsis backebergii).
Lobivia izinambuzane nezifo
ILobivia ivame ukuthintwa yisibungu sesicabucabu, izihlangu zamanga, izinambuzane ezikala kanye ne-mealybug. Ezitshalweni zasendlini, awukwazi ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Njengamanje, kuzitshalo ezinjalo, i-biologics iyasebenza ngesisekelo sobunzima bamagciwane kanye nesikhunta okungenangozi kubantu. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ongazithenga futhi uzisebenzise, ngokuya ngezincomo eziboniswe kwiphakheji, iZolotaya Iskra, Basamil, Akarin nezinye. Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo i-Alirin-B + Gamair, i-Phytosporin, i-Integral iyasebenza ngokulwa nezimpande.
