Ukuthinta nokubabazekayo, okuxakayo ngephunga elihlukile, iminduze yesigodi ibhekwa njengokulula kakhulu ukuthi ikhule izitshalo zasengadini ezikhula ngokwazo. Ngefomethi yekamelo, iminduze yesigodi yaziwa yingcosana. Zingaxoshwa ngamaholide noma zisetshenziswe njengomhlobiso wamakamelo ngokulingana namanye ama-corms. Iminduze yesigodi idinga isikhathi esikhethekile sokuphumula nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Okugqamile, okuphambi kwangemuva kwanoma yiziphi izimpahla zendlu, iminduze yamahlathi amahle asesigodini ihlala iba yinto ebukekayo engaphakathi.
Iminduze yesigodi ngefomethi yekamelo ayithandwa kakhulu okwamanje.
Ingadi yangaphakathi engadini yomsebenzi wesigodi
Iminduze yesigodi ngokuthinta kwawo, ubuhle nenhle yama-inflorescence sekuyisikhathi eside yaba izitshalo ezidumile. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuqala kwesizini entsha efudumele ngaphandle kwezimbali ezincane zalo mmeleli okhangayo wama-corms. Ngaphezu kwezimbali ezinhle, iminduze yesigodi nayo iyaziqhenya ngokuhlobisa okukhulu, kanye nekhono lokudala izindawo ezinhle namathanga amaqabunga amakhulu aqhakazile abonga isikhathi eside ekwakhiweni kwengadi.
Kunjengesitshalo sengadi esivuthwe ezindaweni ezifihliwe futhi sakha imibala emihle yokuthi iminduze yesigodi yaziwa kakhulu. Kepha, njengazo zonke izitshalo ze-bulb, zinikeza izindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokulima ezolimo. Futhi akubona bonke abeza bakhulele enhlabathini evulekile. Iminduze yengadi yesigodi ingaphansi kokuphoqelelwa ngezinga elilinganayo nelabanye abamele abanye bama-corms.
Noma zihamba ezitsheni, azilahli amandla okulondolozela ukuhlobisa futhi zijabulise ngezimbali iminyaka eminingi, kuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza egumbini zikhule engadini bese zibuyela ezimbizeni ngemuva kokumiswa isikhashana.
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, kukhule kuphela uhlobo lily lily lesigodi - loludumo Kwangathi iminduze yesigodi (Convallaria majalis). Kuhlakulelwe, iminduze yengadi yesigodi isetshenziswa njengezitshalo zasendlini ukuze kulinywe. Izitshalo zasehlathini azilungele ukuthwalwa ngendlela ebunjiwe. Ungathenga iminduze yesigodi ejwayele ukutshala nokukhula enomkhawulo wenhlabathi, noma ungasebenzisa iminduze yesigodi esikhula engadini, ukhetha izinhlobo eziqinile, ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Incazelo ye-botanical ka-lily wesigodi
Lihunyushwe lisuka kwisiLatin, igama lily le-botanical lily lesigodi lisho "i-lily yesigodi." Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminduze yesigodi ihlala irekhodwa ohlwini lweLiliaceae, lezi zitshalo zingezomndeni wezitshalo ezihluke ngokuphelele - i-Asparagaceae. Lezi izitshalo ezivame kakhulu kuyo yonke i-hemisphere esenyakatho, etholakala eYurophu nase-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Iminduze yesigodi yaziwa kalula ngenxa yefomu elikhethekile lokukhula nemininingwane yesakhiwo. Amabala amakhulu, abanzi kakhulu, anephoyinti elikhonjisiwe, lobufazi obude, obungenakulinganiswa ngotshani oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, wonke amaqabunga eminduze yesigodi abonakala emukela izimbali ezinhle kakhulu.
Le fomu ene-herbaceous perennial efomini lembiza ayinaso isikhathi sokwembula ngokuphelele isimilo sayo, ukwakheka okukhethekile kanye nekhono lokwenza ama-thickets, kepha isalokhu inobuhle bayo obuqhakazile.
Ukuqhakaza kweminduze yesigodi kuthakazelelwa nje. Kungenxa ye-inflorescences eyingqayizivele yokuthi iminduze yesigodi inqobe isihloko esihle kunazo zonke sezimbali zasentwasahlobo, umhlobiso ongabalulekanga futhi oyingqayizivele wesizini. I-Unilateral, enezimbali ezihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, amabhulashi e-inflorescence abukeka njengobucwebe.
Ukufinyelela ubude obungu-15 kuya ku-25 cm, okwakhiwe engxenyeni engenhla, ngezimbali ezivula kancane kancane, izimbotshana ezincibilikayo kanye nezinyawo ezihamba ngezinyawo ezigqokile zigcizelela ubuhle bembali ngayinye. Iminduze yesigodi iqoqwe kusuka kuzimbali eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12 ku-inflorescence eyodwa. Izinsimbi ezilengayo eziyindilinga eyindilinga kahle enomphetho onqenqemeni oluhlanganisiwe ngokumangazwa kwemigqa kanye nephunga lawo elihlukile nelinothile.
Iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi inokukhethwa kombala owodwa kuphela - okumhlophe. Kepha sibonga yena ukuthi izinsimbi ezilengayo ebhulashi ziyikhumbuza kakhulu iparele. Ukukhotha izintwala zesigodi emakamelweni ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe. Kodwa uma wenza impova yokufakelwa, ungavuma izithelo ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo, lapho amabhola aluhlaza amajikijolo avuselelwa kancane kancane ngethoni ebomvu ekhanyayo.
Inkathi yezimbali yeminduze yesigodi imfushane kakhulu, yize amaqabunga awo egcina umhlobiso ojabulisayo kulo lonke ihlobo. Ukuthokozela ama-inflorescence ahlukile lapho ufuna, vele zama ukukhulisa iminduze yesigodi ngendlela ebunjiwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngesikhathi sokuphoqelela, isikhathi sezimbali singalungiswa ngokubona kwakho. Uma unamathela kumjikelezo wokuthuthuka wendabuko nenkathi yokushisa ebusika, khona-ke iminduze yesigodi ingajabulisa ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, ngoMeyi. Kepha, ukushintshanisa isikhathi noma iminduze yokudlulisa imiyalo yesigodi ukushisa, ungaguqula isimo sezimbali esilinganisiwe.
Namuhla emiqandeni yengadi yesigodi ayifanekelwa kuphela izitshalo zezitshalo, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezihehayo - i-terry, izimbali ezinkulu, futhi zinemibala eminingi. Iminduze eyahlukahlukene yesi sigodi esetshenziswa kangcono ekukhuleni ngesimo sobumba.
Kwangathi lily lily yesigodi (Convallaria majalis).
Izimo zokukhulisa iminduze yasendlini yesigodi
Kunzima ukuba iminduze yesigodi ihlukanise ukubuka kokuqukethwe okuphelele, okuqinile. Lezi zitshalo zihanjiswa ezimweni ezintsha ngokuya ngomjikelezo wokuthuthuka noma isigaba sokuthambeka, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kweminduze yesigodi kufanele kuguquke njalo.
Iminduze yesigodi njengezitshalo zasendlini ikhule kuphela isizini eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, zingadluliselwa enhlabathini, ziye engadini, zinikeze iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ukuze zibuyiselwe (kuze kube lapho kungenzeka ziphinde zisebenzise esikweni lekamelo), noma zimane zilahliwe, zibuyisela inkathi ngayinye nezitshalo ezintsha.
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa
Ekuthuthukiseni iminduze yesigodi, izinkathi ezimbili zingahlukaniswa ngesimo - zimnyama futhi zikhanya okujwayelekile.
Ukugcinwa kokutshala, okokuqandisa ngaphambi kokutshala, ukugcina ukushisa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kufanele kwenzeke emthunzini. Iminduze yesigodi ingafakelwa izigaxa ezikhethekile ezizimboza ukukhanya, izikrini ezinombala, noma zimane zibekwe endaweni eseceleni egumbini noma egumbini elimnyama elinemibandela efanelekile.
Kusukela esikhathini sokuqhuma kwemicibisholo (imicibisholo yezimbali), iminduze yesigodi iqhubekela ekukhanyiseni, kuthambile, kepha kukhanya. Uma izitshalo zixoshwa ngamaholide wasebusika, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa ukukhanyiselwa okwengeziwe (kuze kufinyelele emahoreni ayi-6 ngosuku ekuseni nakusihlwa), okuvumela ukukhulisa isikhathi samahora kosuku kube ngamahora ayi-12. Iminduze yesigodi exoshwe entwasahlobo ayidingi ukudalulwa.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane
Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lily lesigodi linqunywa yisigaba sokuthuthuka kwesitshalo. Kusukela esikhathini sokubandza esibandayo kuya ekushiseni, okuvusa ukubukeka kwama-buds namazinga okushisa asesilinganisweni lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, iminduze yesigodi ihlala idinga ukuqashwa kwezinkomba zokuqukethwe.
Izinto zokutshala eziqoqwe noma ezazithengiwe ukuze ziphuculwe egumbini kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni kuka-2 kuya ku-5 degrees Celsius ekupholileni. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokunwetshwa kwendlebe kuyo yonke iminduze yesigodi, kubalulekile ukuthi iqhwa - ukugcina isikhathi esifushane kumazinga okushisa aphansi we-subzero.
I-Optimum esiteji seqhwa ibhekwa njengezinkomba ezingaba ngu--5 ° C. Iminduze yesigodi ingahanjiswa iye emgwaqweni, idluliselwe endaweni ethile efakwe enhalheni kuvulandi, noma isebenzise ngaphansi. Isikhathi sokuvezwa kumazinga okushisa aqandayo sisuka ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa kweqhwa nokwanda, iminduze yesigodi idluliselwa ekushiseni. Esiteji kusuka ekutshaleni kuya ekubonakaleni kwamahlamvu, izitshalo kufanele zigcinwe emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-25 degrees Celsius. Emakamelweni okuhlala kunzima ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kuzinkomba ezinjalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina iminduze yesigodi ngokushisa okuphansi noma imishini yokushisa. Lapho kufakwa kumila kancane kusuka kuJanuwari, ungashiya ukushisa okuphansi futhi ukhawulele izinga lokushisa libe ngama-2323 kuya ku- +25 degrees.
Iminduze yesigodi, okuhlangana kuyo imiqumbe bese kuqhakaza izimbali, thanda okupholile. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa asekamelweni elijwayelekile, kepha uma kuncipha ukufundwa, ukuqhakaza okuqhubekayo kuzoqhubeka. Ibanga lokushisa elilungile lithathwa njengelisuka ku-+16 kuya ku- +21 degrees.
Iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi ithanda umoya ohlanzekile, kepha kumele ivikelwe ngokucophelela kokubhaliwe ngesikhathi kufakwa umoya wamakamelo.
Iminduze engaphakathi yesigodi, njengayo engadini, iqhakaza kakhulu, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside.
Iminduze yokunakekela isigodi ekhaya
Iminduze yesigodi akuzona izitshalo ezilula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zamakamelo. Zidinga ukuguqulwa kwezimo ngokuya ngesigaba sokuthuthuka, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwazo, zithanda umswakama. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zilungele kakhulu abalimi abanolwazi, abangakwazi ukubona izinkinga zesikhathi ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Iminduze yesigodi idinga ukuchelela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kanye nezimbali. Ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini yezitshalo, kuyenziwa ukuthambisa okungatheni, okunembile, kusekela umswakama omncane kakhulu ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngemuva kokuba iminduze yesigodi idluliselwe kusuka ekushiseni iye ezimweni ezijwayelekile zamakamelo, izitshalo ziqala ukuniselwa ukuze kuphela isendlalelo esiphezulu sendawo eyomile siphume. Iminduze yesigodi ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukomiswa okuphelele kwenhlabathi esigabeni sezitshalo ezisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa ngaphambi kokutshala, ukunisela akukhishwa ngokuphelele ohlelweni lokunakekela.
Ukufafaza iminduze yesigodi kubaluleke kakhulu endaweni yokubeka ngaphambi kokutshala naphakathi kwenqubo ye-distillation uqobo. Uma uzimbele wena ama-rhizomes ngokwakho noma uwathengile ukuthola i-distillation, lapho sonke isigaba sokugcina sipholile, ngaphandle kwesithwathwa, iminduze yesigodi idinga ukufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo zifafazwa kaningana ngosuku, zigcina umswakama omningi lapho ugcinwa ukushisa. Ungagcina iminduze yesigodi endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma ngaphansi kwehod ukuze wandise umswakama ngaphandle kokufafaza njalo, noma ufake noma yiluphi ucwilisa. Ngemuva kokukhulula ama-buds, ukufafazwa kuyamiswa, kepha ekushiseni nasemoyeni owomile kungcono ukuqhubeka nokukhulisa umswakama womoya ngezinye izindlela, ngokwesibonelo, ngokubeka amathreyi nge-moss emanzi.
Ukufakwa nokufakwa komanyolo
Iminduze yasendlini yesigodi ayidingi ukondliwa, kepha ngenxa yokusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuqhakaza okugcwele okuningi kungatholakala. Kwanele ukondla okukodwa emavikini angama-2-3. Baqala ukwenza lezi zinqubo ngemuva kokuhambisa iminduze yesigodi ukushisa kwe-distillation. Ukuze iminduze yesigodi basebenzise Umanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi universal.
Iminduze yesigodi esihlahla
Ngeminduze yasendlini yesigodi, izinqubo zokuthena ziyancishiswa ukuze kususwe amaqabunga onakele, ukusika umhlanga. Uma ama-inflorescence anqunywa izingcezu zezimbali, ukusikwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezingaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yezimbali.
Iminduze ukukhethwa isigodi, ukufika, transplanting kanye substrate
Ukuthenga iminduze ekhekiwe yesigodi emabhodweni kubhekwa njengeyona ndlela elula. Kepha ungakhula iminduze yasendlini yesigodi ngokwakho, usebenzisa izitshalo zasengadini - ngokuthenga izinto zokutshala noma uzigaye ngokwakho. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobo, ukukhethwa komnduze wezinto zokutshala isigodi kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla (engadini yakho - ngemuva kwamafufaza okuqala).
Uma izitshalo zasengadini zidluliselwa emabhodweni, zimbiwa ngokucophelela, zihlukaniswe futhi zihlukaniswe, zihlukanise izimbali ezisezingeni eliphakathi nalezi zimbali ezilandelayo. Izikhathi ze-Atypical, kuphela ama-buds aqinile, amakhulu, athuthukiswe kahle, awugqinsi, angaphezulu, awokuphela - ama-"aqatha" afanelekile i-distillation. Izimbali ezincane noma ezingafundwanga zezimbali, izitshalo ezisele zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile.
Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala zeminduze yesigodi ngesiko lamagumbi, ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngokwezimiso ezifanayo, kuhlola ukuqhakaza kwezimbali. Uma kungenakwenzeka noma isifiso sokuqala ukuqala kwe-ziphuzo zazihluzo ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese utshala emabhodweni ngokushesha, khona-ke iminduze yesigodi yambiwa nge-peat noma esihlabathini emabhokisini noma ezitsheni bese igcinwa egumbini elipholile noma endaweni enomifino engadini kuze kufike iqhwa. Ukuze iminduze yesigodi, kubalulekile ukutshala izitshalo zibheke, kunokuzifaka ezitsheni. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo zidinga ukufakwa umswakama ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvikela izimpande ukuthi zingoma.
Isikhathi sokutshala iminduze yesigodi emabhodweni kuya ngokuthi bafuna ukufafaza nini ukuqhakaza. Ukuthola iminduze eqhumayo yesigodi ngamaholide kaKhisimusi, ukutshala kwenziwa ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Ukuthola iminduze yesimbali yesigodi ngemibandela efanele, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, inqubo yokuphoqa ithatha ezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-40.
Iminduze yesigodi ayikhuli nhlobo. Izitshalo zifakwa ezitsheni eqenjini eliminyene noma inqwaba. Kulesi corm, kungcono ukuqoqa kusuka ezitshalweni ezi-5 ukuya kwezingu-35 eqenjini elilodwa, kuye ngosayizi webhodwe. Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokutshala iminduze yesigodi kunciphisa izinqubo eziningana:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zeminduze yesigodi zidinga ukufinyezwa isithathu noma 2-5 cm, ishiye izimpande eziqinile, ezimfishane ezingaba ngu-12 cm cm ubude.
- Cwilisa emanzini afudumele (okushisa kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-35 degrees) amahora angama-10-15. Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela ngeminduze yesigodi, etshalwe ukumbiwa kusuka ngoNovemba kuya maphakathi noJanuwari. Uma iminduze yesigodi itshalwe isukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaJanuwari, ukufaka isinyosi kungadala ukukhula kokutshala okulimazayo kulimaze izimbali.
Iminduze emide yesigodi iqonde. Umdwebo wamanzi ubekwa phansi ezitsheni, kanti nezitshalo ngokwazo zibekwa phezu komcamelo ovela enhlabathini, ziqiniseke ukuthi ingxenye engenhla yezihlahla ihlala ngemuva kokumba ngaphezulu komugqa wenhlabathi (ngokwesilinganiso, iminduze yesigodi ihlume ngokujula ngo-5-10 mm). Iminduze yesigodi ibekwa ngokuqinile, kepha ukuze izitshalo zingaxhumani - ngesikhala esingu-1-3 cm. Kungcono ukuthi umboze inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo nge-moss. Ngemuva kokutshala, feza ukuthambisa okuningi ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuze iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi ingasebenzisi iziqukathi ezijulile kakhulu. Kepha ubukhulu bezitsha zingaba yilutho. Ezitsheni ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10, ungabeka iminduze engu-6 yesigodi, inqwaba noma emabhokisini ungabeka izitshalo eziningana.
Iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi ingatshalwa kuphela enhlabathini onempilo, oxegayo, osezingeni eliphakeme nomhlabathi onomswakama. Kulezi zitshalo, inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhethekile ibhekwa njengelungele ama-bulbs noma ingxube ye-peat, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ye-turf ngokuzimele eyakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Yengeza i-moss oqondile
Iminduze engaphakathi yesigodi ingatshalwa kusetshenziswa izitshalo zasengadini.
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Iminduze yesigodi iyamelana nemvelo. Ukuphela kwento esisongela lezi sitshalo emasikweni asekamelweni kungukubola okungwevu, okungavela lapho kusetshenziswa izinto zokutshala ezinegciwane nalapho inhlabathi igxotshwa amanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi iminduze yesigodi ihlushwa i-dendronema. Lezi zinkinga zombili zingalashwa ngama-fungicides, kepha kulula ukususa ngokushesha nokucekela phansi izitshalo ezonakele.
Iminduze yesigodi iyazwela izinambuzane eziyizimpande; uma usebenzisa inhlabathi enegciwane, ingahle ingaqhakaza ngenxa yezimpande zemigodi. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke bacasulwa yisibungu sesicabucabu lapho kungekho khona izindlela zokwandisa umswakama womoya.
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi
Ukuphela kwendlela yokuzalanisa iminduze yangaphakathi yesigodi ukwahlukanisa i-rhizome. Ukuze ukhule izitshalo ezintsha eziqinile, ululame ngemuva kokuhluma, iminduze yesigodi, ukuqhakaza emakamelweni, itshalwa iminyaka eminingana emhlabathini ovulekile, emva kwalokho izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zihlukaniswa futhi zenqatshwe futhi ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
Uma omunye wabafundi bethu esivele ekhulisa iminduze yesigodi ngokwesiko lamagumbi, sicela wabelane ngesipiliyoni sakho kumazwana abekwe kuwo esihlokweni.
