Uhlobo olufana ne-euphorbia (i-Euphorbia), olungowomndeni i-Euphorbia (i-Euphorbiaceae), lungezinye zezindawo ezinwebekayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-2 000 ezingatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi ikona yomhlaba. Lolu hlobo lonyaka luboniswa ama-anculents, amakhambi wonyaka, izihlahlana kanye "ne-cacti." Ngakho-ke, eRussia ngokwemvelo ungahlangana nezinhlobo ezi-160 ezihlukile ze-milkweed. Futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezitshaliwe ezitshalwe ngempumelelo kumakhaza abantu.
Ngakho-ke, ama-cypress euphorbia (i-Euphorbia cyparissias) owaziwayo amaningi angokwaluphi uhlobo lwe-milkweed. Iphawuleka ngeziqu zayo ezinamaqabunga amathenda anamaqabunga, afana namagatsha larch. I-Eifforbia kaGriffith noma yomlilo (i-Euphorbia griffithii) iya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Lo muthi ongapheli uyaqhakaza. Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene nazo ziyatshalwa ekhaya. Zonke lezi zitshalo zihlanganiswe yisici esisodwa esifanayo - ukuba khona kwejusi le-milky (elathonya ukwakheka kwegama). Imvamisa, kuphela ngalesi sisekelo umuntu onolwazi olungatheni ngezimila ozokwazi ukubona i-euphorbia phambi kwakhe noma cha.
Kunesinye isici esibonakalayo sabo bonke abamele lolu hlobo. Lokhu kusebenza ngesimo se-inflorescence. Le inflorescence inemvelo yokuzwelana nokukhula: ingxenye encane, efana kakhulu nembali, ikhula ngokuqondile kusuka ezindala. “Izimbali” ngazinye ngasikhathi sinye zifana ne-alloy engajwayelekile eqoshwe ezimbalini zepistil eyodwa ezingezona ezi-petal, kanye no-stamens abahlukene aba-5 (kwesobunxele bezimbali eziwohlokayo). Le alloy eyingqayizivele izungezwe i-wrapper yamabhuleki, nayo eye yasala izimbali eziwohlokayo.
Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, kwakheka isithelo bese sivuthwa, okuyibhokisi elinezinhlangothi ezintathu, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona imbewu en-3.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi futhi zivame ukutshala ekhaya.
I-Euphorbia emhlophe qhwa (i-Euphorbia leuconeura)
Uvela eMadagascar. Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous perennial ezimweni zemvelo singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Izimpande eziyinhloko zingcwatshwe phansi emhlabathini. Isiqu esincane sihlala sodwa, kanti esivuthiwe kakhudlwana sihlwanyelwa kancane. Ingxenye engezansi yesilinda iqine. Ngaphezulu, ithola ukwakheka kobambo oluyisihlanu, kuyilapho izibazi ezilukhuni eziqhamuka emaqabungeni awile zibonakala kahle ebusweni bawo. Zihlukaniswa iziqaqa ezinsundu zesimo se-oval ebusweni obumnyama obumnyama obukhanyayo kwesiqu. Eziqongweni zezimbambo kukhona inhlanganisela enesigcawu esiminyene (cishe isentimitha engu-0.4). Amaqabunga we-petiole alawulwayo akhula ngokuvama esiqwini. Kancane kancane bafa bese behlala engxenyeni ye-apical kuphela. Ama-petioles anombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga aminyene e-Leathery anomumo we-obovate futhi afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15-20, nobubanzi ngamasentimitha ayi-5-8. Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lwesitsha seqabunga lupendiwe luhlaza futhi lunemibala evele mhlophe ngokusobala, kanti uhlangothi olungalungile lunombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kuma-inflorescence amancane kukhona amabhulashi amhlophe, anesisekelo se-tubular futhi isicaba esikhanyayo, ububanzi, ububanzi bawo okungamamilimitha ayi-8.
Lesi sitshalo esikhula ngokushesha esinomkhuba wokuzihlwayela ngokwakho. Imbewu eningi iwela ngaphezu kwengxenye yebhodwe ebhodweni bese kuvela izithombo ezincane kakhulu kuzo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zithombo zingasuswa, maduze nje zizogcwalisa yonke indawo enenhlabathi epanini.
I-Euphorbia ribbed noma ihlanganisiwe (i-Euphorbia lophogona)
Izwe lalesi shrub esimnandi Mexico. Kokubili ngokubukeka nangosayizi wesihlahla, le nhlobo ifana nobisi olumhlophe oluhlotshisiwe. Kepha esitshalweni esinjalo, noma imithambo esephepheni lamaqabunga ihlukaniseka kahle, inombala oluhlaza. Futhi ukukhula okukhona kwizimbambo zesiqu kufana kakhulu ne-flat, spiky crest. Umbala wamabhulokhi umhlophe qwa.
I-Euphorbia Mile (i-Euphorbia milii)
Okubizwa nangokuthi yi-milkweed enhle noma igqamile (i-Euphorbia iyagqama) - indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sihlahla esihle, esinamagatsha anamanzi siqhingi saseMadagascar. Emvelweni, i-euphorbia enjalo ingakhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-200 ukuphakama. Ingaphezulu lesiqu linamabhulashi amaningi futhi linombala ophundwe ngokusobala onsundu. Inenombolo enkulu yenalithi yama-spikes angama-conical aminyene, angafinyelela amasentimitha amathathu ubude. Amapheshana amafushane ane-elliptical noma i-obovate, enobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-15, nobude ngamasentimitha ayi-3.5. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga aphansi ayafa futhi ahlala engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu. Ukwakheka kwamabhuleki kuyafana nalokho okwakungefomu elidlule, kepha banobubanzi obukhulu bamalunga, okungamasentimitha ayi-12. Umbala wazo ungahluka, ngokwesibonelo, obomvu obugcwele, obumhlophe, orenji, ophuzi noma opinki.
I-Euphorbia unxantathu noma unxantathu (i-Euphorbia trigona)
Ngokwemvelo, ingahlangatshezwa ezindaweni eziwomile zaseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika. Lesi sihlahla sokuhluma esiqinile singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-200. Iziqu zawo zicindezelwa ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi zikhula zodwa zibheke phezulu. Iziqu ezinamanzi, ezibunjiweyo-ezinamabala zinobuso obu-3 obucwathile, futhi ububanzi bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-6. Ngaphezulu kwezimbambo kunenqwaba yezikhala ezinombala obomvana obomvana, ezingafinyelela kubude bamamilimitha ayi-5. Ezithendeni zesigaxa sengxenye engenhla yeziqu, kugcinwa amaqabunga amancanyana anamafutha, abe nomumo onjengowokhexe, afinyelela amasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-5 ubude.
Eminye imithombo inolwazi lokuthi le nhlobo ayikho ngokuphelele, futhi ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngokunqamula ukusikwa.
Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali kuyinto ehlukahlukene enamahlumela wombala oluhlaza okotshani, namahlamvu abomvu.
I-euphorbia enhle noma i-poinsettia (i-Euphorbia pulcherrima)
Izwe lakubo yiMelika Ephakathi neMexico eshisayo. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengomunye omuhle kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni onama-milkweed futhi ubizwa nangokuthi "Christmas Christmas". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-euphorbia enjalo iqhakaza ngoDisemba. Lesi sitshalo umude (kufinyelela kumamitha amane), isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi aqine kakhulu, kube sengathi saphukile, sifanamsindvo we-angular. Amapheshana amafushane anejamo le-oval-ekhonjiwe noma ububanzi be-lanceolate onqenqemeni olukhulu lwe-serated. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga ayibukhali futhi imithambo ivelele impumuzo. Ubude beplate yephepha bufika kumasentimitha ayi-16, futhi ububanzi bube ngamasentimitha ayi-7. I-euphorbia enjalo iyabonga ngokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo ngemibukiso yayo emincane ekhanyayo kakhulu, eningi. Ngobukhulu nangokwakheka ziyefana kakhulu ngamahlamvu. Kulokhu, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinamahlamvu amahle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zoqobo zinamabhuleki abomvu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo, amabhulashi adwetshwe ngombala wewolintshi, amhlophe qwa, ophuzi, apinki noma omunye umbala.
I-Euphorbia "iNhloko yeMedusa" (i-Euphorbia caput-medusae)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yiNingizimu Afrika, esifundeni saseKapa. Isitshalo esinjalo esi-herbaceous ngokuqinile esisekelweni siyisihlahla se-perennial. Ikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi agobekile aqondile. Phezu kobuso bawo obumpunga obuluhlaza kunenqwaba yama-tubercle we-conical, lapho iziqu ezinjalo zifana kakhulu nezinyoka eziningi ezifakwe ibhola. Amaqabunga amancane afakwe esifubeni ahlala kuphela eziqongweni zamahlumela. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe eziqhakaza lapho, azifanekeli inani lokuhlobisa.
Kulesi milkweed kukhona ukwakheka kancane kancane kwe-caudex ephakathi nendawo, enenqwaba yezibazi ebusweni.
I-Euphorbia obese (i-Euphorbia obesa)
Imvelaphi yaseNingizimu Afrika, esifundazweni saseCaspian. Lokhu okumnandi, okuhlala njalo, kuyafana kakhulu ngokubukeka kukakhokho. Isiqu se-octagonal asisho. Umbukiso omncane unokwakheka okuyindilinga, futhi njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, isiqu sinwebeka bese siba njenge-baseball. Ekuphakameni, ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, futhi kububanzi obudlulayo - ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-9 kuye kwayi-10. Eziqongweni zezimbambo eziphansi ezibanzi kunezindawo eziningi ezinamachashaza anamabala amabala ansundu asala avela kuma-inflorescence ngaphambili. Ama-inflorescence aminyene amade afana nokuqhakaza amaqabunga anamaqabunga noma izigaxa ezincane eziluhlaza, futhi kuyehluka kuphela lapho kukhonjiswa amapayipi amakhulu.
I-Euphorbia enopla (i-Euphorbia enopla)
Futhi naseNingizimu Afrika. Kubukeka kakhulu njenge-cactus. Lokhu okumnandi esisekelweni kunamagatsha amaningi, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-100. Ama-cylindrical amahlumela wombala oluhlaza ogcwele anemibala kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 izimbambo ezibukhali kanye nobubanzi obulingana namasentimitha amathathu. Esiqongweni sezimbambo kunenani elikhulu le-spikes eqinile, enomdaka obomvu onsundu obomvana, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kusentimitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-6. Esiqongweni sehlumela, kwakhiwa i-inflorescence. Ukhipha izimbali ezincane kubukeka kufana kakhulu nameva akhiwe eduzane, kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, i-apex yazo iveza inkomishi encane (engu-5 mm) yomhluzi obomvu obumnyama.
Nakekela i-milkweed ekhaya
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-milkweed futhi iningi lazo lihlukahluka ezimweni zokunakekelwa, ayikho imithetho ejwayelekile. Ngezansi sizobheka izici zokuncipha okwenziwa ngobisi lwe-milkweed, ngoba zivame ukukhula kakhulu ekhaya.
Ukukhanyisa
Isitshalo esinjalo unyaka wonke sidinga ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu nelanga eliqondile. Amafasitela afaneleka kakhulu aseningizimu-ntshonalanga, eningizimu, kanye ne-mpumalanga oriental. Uma ukukhanya kunqabile, khona-ke i-euphorbia izokhula, ukukhula okusha kuzoba buhlungu kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo sonke. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-phytolamp ukukhanyisa, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi ubude bokukhanya unyaka wonke kufanele bube amahora angama-10.
Imodi yokushisa
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizizwa singcono kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angama-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees. Zonke izinhlobo zezimbali zinesikhathi sokuphoqelela okuphoqelekile, esibhekwa ebusika futhi sidinga okuqukethwe okupholile. Yilokho kuphela, ngoba ukubekwa kwezimbali eziqhakaza kuqala kumazinga okushisa ayi-14.
I -fulful enjalo ilukhuni ushintsho olubukhali lokushisa, kepha kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ayikubekezeleli okusaqalwa. Kulokhu, kufanele ungene kalula egumbini.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Kunomthetho owodwa - okuncane lapho isitshalo sifana ngokubukeka kukhenathi, kulapho kudingeka kaningi ukuniselwa. Kufanele futhi ubheke isimo senhlabathi. Ukuchelela okukhulu kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba inhlabathi yomile ngokujulile ¼ ingxenye. Amanzi akufanele avunyelwe ukugxila ku-substrate, kanye ne-acidization yayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulawo aqukethe ubisi olunesiqu esinamanzi esingabola ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zisabela kabi ekomisweni kwethambo lobumba, ngokwesibonelo, iMilk euphorbia. Bangaphendula ngokulahla amahlamvu.
Ebusika, lapho kugcinwa kupholile, udinga ukunisela kancane, ngoba kulesi sikhathi kunengozi enkulu kakhulu yokubola ohlelweni lwezimpande nentambo yezimpande.
Umswakama
Umswakama ophansi wezindlu zasemadolobheni kufanelekile impela.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Inhlabathi efanelekile kufanele ivulwe, ingathathi hlangothi futhi ingene emoyeni. Ngokutshala, ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe nge-cacti noma uzenzele yona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa ishidi, isodoti kanye nomhlaba we-peat, ama-chip wezitini kanye nesihlabathi somfula osezingeni eliphezulu, okufanele sithathwe ngokulingana okulinganayo.
Phansi ebhodweni, ungakhohlwa ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi odaka olwandisiwe.
Umanyolo
Isitshalo esinjalo, njengomthetho, sikhula emhlabathini ompofu, ngakho-ke akufanele sivundiswe kaningi. Le nqubo yenziwa kanye ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-cacti bese uthatha umthamo okhonjisiwe kwiphakheji. Uma ebusika kunenkathi yokuthoba, khona-ke umanyolo awudingi ukufakwa emhlabathini.
Izici Zokufakelwa
I-Euphorbia idluliswa kuphela uma uhlelo lwayo lwempande luyekile ukungena ebhodweni.
Izihlahla
Ama-presulents aqukethe i-Cactus, kanye ne-euphorbia emhlophe enezimpawu futhi emile akudingeki ukuthi iphinwe futhi ihlulwe. Lezo zinhlobo ezingamagatsha aqine ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo (ngokwesibonelo, Ubisi lwe-Euphorbia) kudingeka zithinte izingqimba zeziqu. Lokhu kusiza ukunikeza ubuhle bomqhele, futhi futhi kusiza ukuvikela ukukhula kwesihlahla okuqinile.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Euphorbia - "cacti" ekhaya, njengomthetho, ikhiqizwa yizingane. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga zingasakazwa ngokusika kanye nembewu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhipha isiqu sibe yi-substrate, kufanele igezwe kusuka kumusi we-milky, bese ishiywe emoyeni ovulekile ukuze ome. Ukuze izimpande zikhule ngokushesha, ichopho lokusika liyanconywa ukuthi liphathwe ngeKornevin. Ama-cuttings aselungiselelwe kudingeka atshalwe esihlabathini esimanzi noma emhlolweni we-peat. Ukusiphula, uzodinga i-mini-greenhouse ekhanyayo, lapho udinga khona ukugcina izinga elithile lomswakama. Ukupholisa umoya okuhlelekile kuyadingeka.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Kepha bangagula ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele.
- Ukuphuzi kwenqwaba yamaqabunga kuyo yonke imiqhele ehlobo kuwukuklanywa noma ukudonswa kwamanzi emhlabathini.
- Ukupunga amanani amaningi hhayi amaningi kakhulu ehlobo kuy inqubo yemvelo ngokuphelele.
- Ekwindla, ukuphuzi kwenqwaba yamahlamvu kunguhlobo lokudalwa kwezinhlobo ezinqumayo inqubo engokwemvelo yokulungiselela isikhathi sasebusika.
- Izindawo ezinobukhulu obukhulu obu-brownish ngaphezulu kwehlumela - ukusha kwesokunxele lilanga.
- Kukhona izindawo eziningi ezinsundu esiqwini futhi zinobukhulu obuhlukile - lokhu kuyabola kubangelwa ukudonsa kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Ukunaka! Lesi sitshalo sinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, uma ujusi we-Milky uthola esikhunjeni, kuzodala ukusabela komzimba, futhi uma esiswini - ubuthi.
I-Euphorbia noma i-cactus?
Umtshali ongenalwazi angadida i-euphorbia nge-cactus. Kepha zingahlukaniswa kalula. Ngakho-ke, i-milkweed, ngokungafani ne-cactus, inejusi le-milky. Ama-cactus spikes akhula kuma-pubescent areoles, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ze-milkweed zikhula endaweni ebushelelezi. Ziyahlukahluka ngezimbali.
