I-Currant

I-Currant (Ribes) - lolu hlobo lommeleli womndeni we-gooseberry. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-200, kanti ezingama-50 zazo zitholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo. Ezivandeni zezindela zaseRussia, leli siko laqala ukukhula ngo-11, labe selivela emazweni aseYurophu. E-Russia, ama-currants aziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqambi bengadi. Kanye nama-currants abomvu namnyama, igolide nomhlophe nazo zikhulile. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ukubizwa nge-blackcurrant kubhekwa njengokuphilile futhi okumnandi kakhulu. Izithelo zakhona zidliwa zisha, futhi zenza ijeli, ukulondolozwa, iziphuzo zezithelo, isiraphu, utshwala, amawayini notshwala. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njengendwangu eluhlaza embonini yamakhemikhali.

Izici ze-Currant

I-Currant isihlahla esidala esingasakazeka noma sicwecwe. Ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200. Umbala oluhlaza obuluhlaza uphenduka onsundu ngeminyaka. Amahlumela amasha akhula kusuka kuma-buds okulala minyaka yonke. Uhlelo lwezimpande zalesi sitshalo lunamandla, futhi lungena emhlabathini lujule ngamamitha ayi-6.6. Ama-plaza amaqabunga amathathu-we-lobed noma ayisihlanu onqenqemeni lwe-serared anobubanzi obungamasentimitha ama-3 ukuya kwangu-12. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga linombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ngaphakathi lingama-pubescence kanye nemithambo. Ama-inflorescence ama-Pistiform drooping inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezikhanyayo ezibomvana ezipinki noma ezimile. Izithelo berry elimnandi. Umbala nosayizi we fetus kuthonywa uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo. Izimbali zaziwa ngoMeyi noJuni, nezithelo ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini evulekile. Ama-currants abhekwa njengabafunwayo njengoba, isibonelo, ama-sitrobheli, amajikijolo, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries nama-blueberries. Itshalwa abalimi ezindaweni zabo, kanye nama-currants atshalwe ngezimboni. UCarrrant uyisihlobo wenye isiko elidumile - ama-gooseberries.

Ukutshala ama-currants emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Ama-currants athathwa njengama-livers amade uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo zasengadini kanye nezithelo zawo. Isizini elandelayo impela, ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, inikeza izithelo zokuqala. Uma ihlathi lihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuhle, khona-ke lithela izithelo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Kungcono ukutshala ama-currants enhlabathini evulekile emasontweni okuqala ekwindla, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lokhu kungenziwa entwasahlobo. Kunconywa ukuthenga izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala ezinezimpande ezi-3 zamathambo. Yibuke kahle ngaphambi kokuyithenga, ngoba ingaba buthakathaka kakhulu noma iyagula.

Indawo efanele kufanele ibekwe kahle futhi ivikeleke emimoyeni enamandla yomoya. Inhlabathi engeyona i-acid, enamanzi amaningi ilungele isivuno esinjalo. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, lapho-ke ungakulungisa lokhu ngokungenisa ulamula kuyo (imitha eyi-skwele kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0.8 kg) kuyo, yenza lokhu ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagremu ayi-100 kuye kwangama-150 we-granular superphosphate, amakhilogremu amabili kuya kwayi-4 wezinto eziphilayo, kanye namagremu angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 e-potassium sulfate nge-1 metres yesikwele sendawo kufanele anezelwe emhlabathini. Bamba inhlabathi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-22.

Ukutshala ama-currants ekwindla

Ubude nobubanzi bomgodi wokutshala kufanele bube ngu-0.55 m, kanye nokujula kwawo - cishe u-0,45 m. Kufanele kugcinwe ibanga eliyi-1.5-2 m phakathi kwezihlahla ezingama-100 amagremu we-superphosphate, ibhakede eli-1 le-humus no-45 kufanele lithululelwe emgodini wokutshala. gram ye-potassium chloride. Ukuze izimpande zezitshalo zingashiswa, omanyolo badinga ukumbozwa ungqimba lomhlabathi, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-9. Ukulungiswa komgodi kumele kwenziwe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuba kutshalwe i-currant, lapho umhlaba uzokwazi ukuhlala kahle. Lesi sitshalo sifakwa emgodini endaweni eyithambeka ngama-degree angama-45, ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukuthi intambo yayo yezimpande ingamamitha angama-50 emhlabathini ojulile. Spread izimpande ngokucophelela. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ikhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezimpande ezintsha kanye namahlumela kusuka kuma-buds asemhlabathini, ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa isihlahla esiqinile esinamagatsha amaningi anamandla. Umgodi umbozwe ngenhlabathi encane, ehlanganiswe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho kuthululelwa amalitha ama-5 amanzi kuwo, emva kwalokho agcwalisa umgodi phezulu nomhlaba. Eduze nesithombo, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsele, okufanele ugcwaliswe ngamanzi. Ukugwema ukuvela kokuqhekeka phezu kwenhlabathi yomhlabathi, kufanele imbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (humus). Fushanisa amahlumela abe amasentimitha ayi-10,5, kuyilapho ama-4 noma ama-5 efihlekile kufanele aqhubeke ezingxenyeni. Uma ufisa, unamathela izingcezu enhlabathini enomswakama lapho zingagxila khona.

Ukutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo

Ukutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo kwenziwa kuphela njengezinyathelo zokugcina, kuyilapho udinga ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap naphambi kokuvulwa kwe-buds. Ubunzima bokutshala lesi sitshalo entwasahlobo ukuthi ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha isikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala ama-currants. Iqiniso ngukuthi isihlahla se-currant siqala ukukhula kuqala, kuyilapho inhlabathi ivame ukungabi nesikhathi sokufudumala kuze kufike ekushiseni okudingekayo ekutsaleni isitshalo. Esimweni lapho umgodi wokutshala ulungisiwe ekwindla futhi inhlabathi isihlalile kuyo, kungaba lula ukutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo.

Ukunakekelwa Kwama-currant

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Spring currant

Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela ama-currant bush entwasahlobo, udinga nje ukubambelela kulolu hlelo olulandelayo:

1. Kuyadingeka ukusika zonke izinso ezithintwe umkhaza. Uma udinga ukususa ama-buds amaningi, khona-ke kuleli cala, amahlumela athintekile esihlahleni anqunywa acishe abe kusezingeni.
2. Bamba isihlahla ngokujula okungajulile, kuyilapho ingaphezulu lomhlabathi elizungezile kufanele limbozwe nge-mulch (humus noma ngomquba).
3. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, isihlahla sidinga ukuthambisa njalo.
4. Ukhula nokukhulula kwenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8 kuyadingeka okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ukwehlisa inani lokhula nokukhula, udinga ukugcwalisa isigaba sem mulch.
5. Ngemuva kokudlula ubusika, lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukuthenwa kwendle.
6. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ehlathini kudingeka ukuthi afafazwe ukuze kuvikeleke ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
7. Lapho isitshalo siqhakaza (imvamisa ngoMeyi), kudingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe izimbali ngokuphelele. Zonke izimbali eziphindwe kabili zizodingeka zisuswe. Uma kunezimbali eziningi ezinjalo esitshalweni, bese zibiwa bese zishiswa ukugwema ukusakazeka okwengeziwe kwestry.
8. Yondla isihlahla ngomanyolo we-nitrogen.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-currant ehlobo

Ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ama-currants ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi. Ungasinisa kanjani lesi sitshalo ngendlela efanelekile sichazwa ngemininingwane enkulu engezansi. Sidinga futhi ukwenza i-currants ekhula ngesikhathi, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ingaphezulu lendawo lihlala lihlanzekile. Futhi ehlobo, izihlahlana zidliwa ngezinto eziphilayo, okumele zenziwe ndawonye ngokunisela. Hlola njalo ehlathini futhi uma kutholakala izinambuzane noma izimpawu zesifo, ziphathe nge-ejenti efanelekile. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe, udinga ukuyeka noma yikuphi ukucubungula kwesitshalo ngamakhemikhali, kodwa kungenziwa kufakwe amakhambi abantu abangenangozi. Izithelo kufanele zikhethwe ngokungakhethi njengoba zivuthwa, kuyilapho ama-currants amhlophe nabomvu ebhulwe ngamabhulashi, futhi kube mnyama - ngamabhele.

Ukunakekelwa Kwama-currant e-Autumn

Lapho zonke izithelo ziqoqwa esihlahleni, kufanele ziniselwe, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ithululiwe. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba, isihlahla sondliwa ngomanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthenwa okwakhayo nokuhlanzekileyo kwezihlahla kuyaqhutshwa. Futhi, ngalesi sikhathi, ukutshala kanye nokusakazwa kwezihlahla ze-currant kwenziwa. Uma kunemvula encane kakhulu ngesikhathi sekwindla, khona-ke isihlahla sizodinga ukuthambisa kabusha ubusika. Kufanele futhi iphathwe ukuze kuvikeleke ezinambuzaneni nasemgomeni wezifo ezahlukahlukene ezivame ukubusika ebusika lesihlahla noma emagumbini aphezulu enhlabathi.

Iyacubungula

Uma izihlahla ezinama-currant zinamandla futhi ziphilile, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi zigule, futhi nezinambuzane zizodlula. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe, ngaphandle kwalokhu, balulekisa ukuthi bangakushayi mkhuba inqubo yokuvimbela izifo. Yini okufanele uyisebenzise ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ukuze ihlale iphilile isizini yonke? Khumbula ukuthi kanye nokuvuka kwezinso, izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic zivuka, ezazicashe ubusika ebusika besitshalo noma ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi. Isikhathi sokuqala udinga ukucubungula i-shrub ngaphambi kokuba i-buds ivuvukale, ngoba lokhu kusetshenziswa isisombululo esisodwa samaphesenti weengxube zeBordeaux, iKarbofos noma i-sulfate yethusi. Ungafaka le mishanguzo ngeNitrafen, futhi kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ngesikhathi sokucubungula kubalulekile ukufafaza hhayi isihlahla kuphela, kepha kanye nenhlabathi engaphezulu. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, isiza kufanele sihlanzwe imfucumfucu yezitshalo namaqabunga andizayo, ngoba izinambuzane namagciwane zithanda ubusika lapho. Bese ukhiqiza ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa kwama-currants ngezindlela ezifanayo njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Uma kwakuneqhwa eliningi ebusika, khona-ke ama-currants entwasahlobo ngokuvamile awadingi kuniselwa, ngoba inhlabathi iqukethe ngisho nomswakama omkhulu ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Ngemuva kobusika obungenabo iqhwa entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda nokulayishwa kwezithelo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile sokosa, izihlahla kufanele ziniselwe ngamanzi afudumele cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezi-5. Kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi imanzi kuze kufike ku-0,3 kuya ku-0,4 m, kulokhu, amabhakede amanzi angama-2-3 athathwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. Amanzi kumele athelwe ngaphansi kwesitshalo, ngenkathi eqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awawi phezu kwamahlamvu namajikijolo. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwenza amapulatifomu wokunisela azungeze isihlahla, okufanele anqunyelwe ku-roller ephakeme (cishe amasentimitha ayi-15) eyenziwe ngomhlaba. Uma kufiswa, zingathathelwa indawo ngama-grooves ayindilinga, ukujula kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15, kuyilapho kufanele kwenziwe kubude obungamamitha ayi-0,3 kuya kwayi-0,4 ukusuka kokuqagela komqhele. Uma isomiso sibonwa ekwindla, khona-ke ama-currant bush azodinga ukuthambisa okususa ubusika.

Ama-currants amhlophe nabomvu afunwa kancane kokunisela uma kuqhathaniswa nomnyama.

Ukugqoka okwenziwe ngokweqile

Uma, ngesikhathi sokutshala, yonke imanyolo edingekayo ingezwe emgodini, khona-ke iminyaka emi-2 kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ungondli ama-currants. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu, umanyolo emhlabathini uzodinga ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, leli siko londliwa ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ukondla isihlahla esisodwa thatha amagremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-50 e-urea. Kusukela eminyakeni yobudala emine, kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 amagremu we-urea kusetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka esihlahleni esingu-1, kuyenziwa izingubo ezimbili eziphezulu. Ekwindla, ama-kilo ayi-4-6 wezinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba wenkukhu noma umquba), amagremu ayi-15 e-potassium sulfate kanye nama-gramu angama-50 we-superphosphate alethwa emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Lokhu kwembatho ephezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.

Yini ochwepheshe bancomela ukuyisebenzisela ukondla ama-currants ukuze imelane nezifo nezinambuzane kuphela, futhi inikeze isivuno esicebile? Kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwama-foliar amathathu, kusetshenziswe le ngxube yezakhi ezilandelayo: udinga ukuthatha amagremu ama-5 we-potassium permanganate, amagremu ama-3 e-boric acid kanye nama-gramu angama-35 we-sulphate yethusi, kufanele ahlanganiswe ngokwehlukana, bese exutshwa nebhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngalolu suku olunamafu noma kusihlwa, lapho ilanga selishonile, ngenkathi kungabikho moya.

Izihlahla zokuthena

Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo

Ukusika ama-currants kuyadingeka, ngoba phakathi nale nqubo wonke amagatsha angenasidingo, alimele, onesifo futhi ababuthakathaka ayasuswa, okusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo ngeke kusadingeka sisebenzise amandla nezakhi zazo kuzo. Iningi lama-ovaries likukhula lwangonyaka odlule lwamagatsha aneminyaka emine nanhlanu. Kulokhu, amagatsha aneminyaka engaphezu kuka-6 ubudala kufanele aqunywe ngoba awasadingeki. Sisadinga ukusika amagatsha agulayo nawomile. Ngokuthena okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela ehlelekile, ukuqothuka kwezihlahla zamabloksi kungandiswa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, bese kubomvu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.

Ekwindla, lapho iqabunga lokuwa liphela, ukuthenwa okuyinhloko kufanele kwenziwe. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, kubalulekile ukufingqa iziqu ezonakaliswe isithwathwa ebusika, ukuze izicubu ziphilile, futhi futhi ususe wonke amagatsha afile futhi alimele. Ehlobo, kunconyelwa ukucina iziphetho zamahlumela amasha, lokhu kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukubhula kwawo, kanye nokunikeza isihlahla isimo esihle futhi esivamile.

Ukuthena okwenziwe ngempahla ekwindla

Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo enhlabathini evulekile, zonke iziqu zazo zifushaniswa zibe amasentimitha ayi-10- 10 ukusuka ebusweni bendawo. Ngonyaka wesibili, isihlahla sizodinga ukukhetha amahlumela angama-zero amahlandla anamandla kakhulu, azoba ngamagatsha anamathambo, bese okusele kumele kunqunywe. Ehlabanini lonyaka wesithathu nelesine wokukhula, kufanele ukhethe kusuka kuma-3 kuya kwayi-6 amahlumela athuthukiswe kakhulu we-zero, bese kuthi amanye asuswe. Ungavumeli ukuqina kwesihlahla, ngoba lokhu udinga ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi angakhuli kahle aphakathi nendawo kwesihlahla. Nquma iziqongo ngeziqu zonyaka wokugcina. Amagatsha aneminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ancishisiwe, kuyilapho ama-2-4 e-buds kufanele aqhubeke egatsheni ngalinye. Uma unquma isihlahla ngokufanele futhi njalo, khona-ke ngalesi sikhathi selizokwakhiwa ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kuzodingeka ukusika wonke amagatsha amadala kuneminyaka eyi-6 ngaphansi kwempande. Ukunciphisa amagatsha asele kwenziwe ngokwesikimu esichazwe ngenhla.

Imithetho yokuthena ama-currants amhlophe nabomvu

Ukuthena ama-currants amhlophe nabomvu kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo. Imithetho nezinhlelo zokuthena isebenzisa zona ezifanayo enzelwe ukuthi zikhiqizwe yi-blackcurrant, kepha asikho isidingo sokuphina izingqimba zeziqu, kanye nokunciphisa amahlumela wonyaka wesibili nowesithathu. Uzodinga usike wonke amagatsha amadala aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 ubudala, kuzodingeka futhi ususe wonke amahlumela amasha ongezene namagatsha angenasifo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi igatsha elingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-7 liqhubeke lithela izithelo, khona-ke kufanele lifinyezwe kumfoloko enamandla enamandla eliseduze. Kulokhu, uzophila futhi athele izithelo isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.

Ukusakazeka kwe-currant

Imvamisa, abalimi basebenzisa ama-cutched arched, ukusika okuluhlaza okotshani noma okune-lignation ukuze basakaze ama-currants, futhi baphinde bande namagatsha aneminyaka emibili asikiwe esihlahleni. Ukuphinda usebenzise i-redcurrant kunzima ukusakaza ngezinsika, ngoba kungcono ukusebenzisa ukwakheka. Ukukhula kwama-currants kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kwenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe, ngoba le ndlela yokuzala yinde kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle.

Ungasakaza kanjani ngokusika okulungiselelwe

Leli siko lingasakazwa ngokugawulwa okuluhlaza nokulimala. Indlela engabizi kakhulu ukukhulisa ama-currants kusuka ku-cuttings enezinhlaka, ngoba ungawavuna lapho uwadinga. Ukutshala izithombo zokusika ukhula ezimbozweni ezenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusika okuvuniwe emavikini okuqala ebusika, kepha udinga ukubamba amafriji amakhulu, ngoba angabhubhisa izinso. Ubude bezinsika bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-20, kuyilapho ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube ngamasentimitha angama-0.8-1. Kunconywa ukuba uzinqume kusuka maphakathi amahlumela wonyaka akhula kusuka kumagatsha aneminyaka emithathu noma kusukela empandeni.Ukuze umswakama ungashintshi usike lapho usikiwe ngesikhathi sokugcina, izindawo zokusikeka zidinga ukumbozwa ngopharafini obunjiwe noma i-var var yengadi. Lapho-ke ukusikeka kudinga ukugoqwa ngephepha elincanyana elilunyisiwe bese kufakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki, okufanele singcwatshwe esofeni eliyiqhwa noma lifakwe eshalofini eliqandayo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusika kufanele kutshalwe emibhedeni yokuqeqesha. Zidinga ukutshalwa endaweni engama-degree angama-45, ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-15 kufanele libhekwe phakathi kokusikwa, kanti ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa kumele bube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Kufakwe uphalafini, ukuphela okungaphansi kwe-shank kufanele kusikwe kungabi nalutho. Isiqu esitshaliwe kufanele singcwatshwe emhlabathini ukuze kube ngama-2 kuphela amahlumela angenhla komhlaba. Izilimo ezitshalwe zidinga ukuthambisa ngokweqile, khona-ke ingaphezulu lombhede kufanele zimbozwe nge-mulch (humus, sawdust noma peat encane). Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa izisekeli ze-arched ngaphezu kombhede wegadi, ofinyelela ubude obungu-0.5 m, bese kudonswa ifilimu lepulasitiki phezu kwawo. I-Shelter kufanele isuswe kuphela ngemuva kokukhula kwamaqabunga amasha kuma-cutways. Ukunisela umbhede engadini kufanele wenziwe kancane, futhi inhlabathi akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba isomile ngisho nesikhathi esifushane. Ehlobo, ukusika kudinga ukhula okufika ngesikhathi, ukuchelela nokondla nge-mullein. Ekwindla yokuqala, ukusika kuzoba yizithombo, ezingafinyelela ukuphakama okungama-0.3-0,5 m, kuyilapho ziba nezithombo ezi-1 noma ezi-2. Ama-cuttings akhule kahle futhi aqine ekwindla angatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo, kanti ababuthakathaka - udinga ukukhula kuze kube ukuwa okulandelayo.

Ukusakazeka kwama-currants nge-cutways eluhlaza

Ukusiphula okusikiwe okuluhlaza uzodinga i-greenhouse. Kepha ikhona enye indlela. Ukuze usike ukusika, kusetshenziswa kuphela amahlumela athuthukiswe kahle, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi phezulu alugxiliwe. Ubude besiqu kufanele bufinyelele kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-10, kuyilapho kufanele bube namapuleti amaqabunga amabili aluhlaza. Izindlela zokusika ukhula lwenhlanganisela yengca kufanele zifakwe esitsheni samanzi. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, zizoba nezimpande, ubude bazo bufinyelele ku-1-1.2 cm. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukusikwa kutshalwe emaphaketheni agcwalisa inhlabathi. Ezikhwameni, udinga ukwenza izimbobo kusengaphambili ukuze ukhipha uketshezi oluningi. Izimbumbulu kufanele ziniselwe kaningi isikhathi esiyi-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, ngenkathi inhlabathi esesikhwameni kumele ibe nokuvumelana okunokhilimu. Ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1-1,5, ukuthambisa kumele kwehliswe, kanti inhlabathi kumele ibe ukuvumelana okujwayelekile. Ukusika kuzoba sezimweni zasekamelweni kuze kube ngoMeyi, ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kufinyelele ku-0.5-0.6 m. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, udinga nje ukusika isikhwama bese ukhipha isibambo. Bawumbela emhlabathini ngokungacabangi, futhi kufanele itshalwe ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ngokujulile kunokuba wawukhule ngaphambili.

Ukusakazeka kwe-currant ngokwenza

Kulula kakhulu futhi kulula ukusakaza isihlahla esinjalo ngokwala. Ngemuva konyaka, uzoba nezithombo ezinamandla ngohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Ngokubekwa, khetha igatsha elineminyaka emibili, okufanele libe nempilo ngokuphelele futhi ngasikhathi sinye likhulele engxenyeni yesihlahla ekhoneni. Ngaphansi kwaleli gatsha, udinga ukwenza i-groove ejulile (ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12). Ngemuva kwalokho igatsha ligobeke ngokucophelela futhi libekwe kule-groove, kuyilapho kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi phezulu kwaleli gatsha kufanele likhuphuke ngo-0-0-0.3 m ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba. Maphakathi, igatsha ligxunyekwe ngocingo lwentambo noma ngesikaki sensimbi. Umsele kufanele ugcwaliswe ngenhlabathi. Izendlalelo ngesikhathi sehlobo zizodinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile. Lapho kuqala ekwindla, ukugawulwa kwezinhlaka kufanele kube yisithombo esiqinile esinamagatsha amaningana nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Uma kufiswa, ukubekwa kungasuswa emhlabathini, kunqunywe esihlahleni somzali bese kudluliselwa endaweni entsha yaphakade.

Izifo ze-currant ezinesithombe nencazelo

Ama-currants ahlushwa izifo ezifanayo nezinye izilimo eziningi zasengadini, ezinjenge-gooseberries. Njengomthetho, isihlahla siyagula uma sibhekelwa ngokungafanele noma ngenxa yefa elibi. Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zifo ezivame kakhulu:

Anthracnose

Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga, kuvela amabala amancane ansundu anemibala emincane, ekugcineni ahlangana nomunye. Amagqabi ayoma futhi afe. Okokuqala, amagatsha aphansi ayathinteka, bese isifo sikhuphuka kakhulu.

I-Seporia (ibala elimhlophe)

Izinhlobo zesimo se-angular noma eziyindilinga ziyavela kumahlamvu. Ekuqaleni zipendwe nsundu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zikhanya futhi zithole umngcele omnyama. Kwezinye izimo, ukulimala kwezithelo kwenzeka.

Ukugqwala kwebhola

Emaphepheni amaqabunga kukhona izindikimba ezinkulu zombala ophuzi okhanyayo, ngaphakathi okukhona kuzo inqwaba yesikhunta.

UTerry

Esihlahleni ungathola izimbali ezimbi "eziphindwe kabili" ezidwetshwe ngombala we-lilac. On amahlumela abasha, mnyama kanye nokuqhakaza amahlamvu kuyabonakala, lobes avele kuso, imithambo iba coarser. I-Foliage ilahlekelwa iphunga layo, futhi isihlahla siyayeka ukuthela izithelo.

Ukubola okumpunga

Kuvela amabala ansundu ebusweni bamahlamvu. Ngama-currants amhlophe, lesi sifo singalimaza nezinkuni.

Ukugqwala kwekholomu

Amabala amancane amafomu wombala ophuzi ebusweni bangaphambili bamaqabunga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula kuvela endaweni engafanele, lapho kukhona khona izinhlwayi ezinombala osawolintshi, okuyizinwele ezincane.

I-Necrosis yeziqu namagatsha

Amagxolo aphulukana nokuqina nokuqina, ngenxa yalokho kuqhekeka. Lokhu kuholela ekomeni nasekufeni kwamagatsha.

Imicu emifushane

Emavikini okuqala ehlobo, kuvela iphethini eqabungeni lamaqabunga ezungeze imithambo eyinhloko.

I-Powdery hlobo

Phezu kwezithelo namahlamvu, inhlanganisela evulekile yamafomu wombala omhlophe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, iba yifilimu esinsundu.

I-Necrosis necrosis

Ngama-currants amhlophe nabomvu, ukomiswa kwamagatsha neziqu kuyabonakala.

Akukona ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwelapha ama-currants. Awukho umuthi osebenzayo otholakele wezifo zegciwane njengamanje. Uma ungaqali ukwelashwa kwesifo se-fungal ngesikhathi, khona-ke ngesizini kungabhubhisa isigamu sezihlahla. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo namasiko ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sitshalo siyogula kakhulu. Hlola ama-currant bush njalo futhi, uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, qala ukwelashwa. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokwelashwa kokuvimbela kwama-currants nenhlabathi eseduze kwawo, ngoba lokhu basebenzisa isisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid, sulfate yethusi, iNitrafen noma iKarbofos. Izindlela zokwelapha ezifanayo zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso nasekwindla.

Izilokazane ezisokolayo ezinezithombe nezincazelo

Ama-currants nawo angalimala kabi yizinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi, futhi ezikhetha ukuhlala esihlotsheni sayo esiseduze - ama-gooseberries. Imvamisa, izinambuzane ezilandelayo zihlala emahlathini ama-currant:

Imbabazane enezinyawo ezinomlenze

Amacimbi wezinambuzane anjalo adla amapuleti amaqabunga, lapho kusala imithambo kuphela.

Ipheshana le-Biennial

Amacimbi alesi sinambuzane alimaza izithelo namahlumela esitshalo. Bahlala hhayi kuma-currants kuphela, kodwa futhi kumagilebhisi, kuma-gooseberry, e-viburnum nakwezinye izitshalo zom berry.

Umbono ophuzi

Amacimbi amanga wesibungu esinjalo ahlala kuma-currants abomvu namhlophe, adla amahlamvu awo.

Umlilo

Izithelo ezilinyazwe yile pest ziqala ukucula ngokushesha bese zoma.

Adubule i-aphid

Udla ujusi wesitshalo, amunca emacembe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela agobekile, ukukhula kwawo kuyamiswa, kusonteka, kumiswa futhi kushiya izindiza zindiza zizungeza.

Moth

Amacembe waleli uvemvane adla amahlamvu we-currants emhlophe hhayi abomvu kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-gooseberry.

Ama-Red and Gall Aphids

Imvamisa inkathazo enjalo, enika izizukulwane eziyi-7 kwisizini eyi-1, ihlala kuma-currants amhlophe noma abomvu. Isihlahla esithintekile siqala ukujika siphuzi, ukuvela kwamapuleti amaqabunga kwenzeka, ukuvela kokubomvu nokuphuzi kuyavela ebusweni bawo. Lapho-ke amahlamvu endiza azungeze.

Isikhala sesicabucabu

Kungalimaza ama-currants abomvu namnyama, ama-gooseberries, ama-raspberries, ama-sitrobheli, amagilebhisi, ama-elderberry nezinye izitshalo. Esihlahleni esithintekile, umbala wamahlamvu uyavela ngemabula, uqala ukoma bese undiza uzungeze.

Ithikhi yezinso

Uququda izinso futhi uhlale kuzo ebusika, azidle kusuka ngaphakathi.

I-Glassmaker

Amacimbi anjalo adla umnyombo wamagatsha, okuholela ekufeni kwawo.

Gall midges

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane ezinjalo:

• ukuhluma - kudla iziqu kusuka ngaphakathi, ngenxa yalokho kubuna futhi kufe;
• imbali - izinambuzane ezinjalo zidla izithombo zezitshalo, ngenxa yalokho ziba bomvu noma ziphuzi bese zife;
• enamaqabunga - bagqobhoza izimbobo ngamaqabunga amancanyana angafani.

Izithelo ezibabayo

Amajikijolo amnyama athintekile aguqula ukwakheka kwawo ku-faceted.

Kuyadingeka ukubhekana nezinambuzane ezinjalo ngesikhathi lapho zihlala esihlahleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunenombolo enkulu kakhulu yemithi ehlukahlukene esebenzayo. Abanye balimi basebenzisa amakhambi esintu, kanti abanye bakhetha amakhemikhali anamuhla. Ungasivikela lesi sitshalo ekuhlaselweni yizilokazane ngokusiphatha entwasahlobo nasekwindla nge-sulfate yethusi noma nge-Bordeaux.

Izinhlobo zama-currants anesithombe nencazelo

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-currants zihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngombala wezithelo, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwazo ku:: ukuvuthwa kokuqala, maphakathi ekuqaleni, phakathi kokuvuthwa, maphakathi sekwephuzile futhi sekwephuzile kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe

1. Iparele. Izithelo zimnandi ezimnyama futhi zikhulu kakhulu, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-6.
2. IVenus. Shrub mude. Izithelo ukunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu okumnyama kunesisindo esingu-5.5 amagremu.
3. I-boomer emnyama. I-Shrub icophile, inamandla. Izithelo ezimnandi ezimnyama zinesisindo esingu-7 amagremu.
4. Jonker Van Thets. Izithelo ezibomvu zikhulu kakhulu, zinambitha omuncu.
5. Umhlophe we-Ural. Esihlahleni esisakazayo kunezithelo ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Banambitha ubumnandi.

Izinhlobo Zasekuqaleni Ephakathi

1. IBashkir enkulu. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kumelana nezilokazane nezifo. Izithelo ezinkulu ezimnyama zinambitheka omuncu.
2. I-Belorussia imnandi. Izithelo ezinkulu ezimnyama zinambitheka obumnandi.
3. Umka. I-Shrub iqondile, inamandla. Izithelo zinombala omhlophe omkhulu omnandi.

Izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini

1. Sanyuta. Isihlahla esiningi esakhiwe kahle impela sihlangene. Izithelo ezimnyama ezinoshukela omuncu zinesisindo esingama-5.5 amagremu.
2. Osipovskaya amnandi. Lesi sitrobheli esakhiwe ngokweqile sisakazeka kancane. Izithelo ezinkulu ezimnandi zinombala obomvu.
3. Umbala ophuzi. Isihlahla sisakazekile maphakathi, mude. Izithelo ziphuzi, kepha lokhu kuyindlela ehlukahlukene ye-currant emhlophe, ebonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Izithelo zincanyana ezinoshukela.
4. Ama-Versailles amhlophe. Amajikijolo amhlophe angaba mkhulu futhi aphakathi ngosayizi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu.

Amabanga aphakathi sekwedlule

1. Ukumba Okumnyama. On a compact, isihlahlana esinamandla yizithelo ezimnyama zokunambitheka okumnandi.
2. Roland. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo zesithwathwa nezikhunta. Izithelo zibomvu omuncu-omuncu.

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezifika emuva kwesikhathi

1. I-Bummer. Esihlahleni esiminyene, esihlangene, izithelo ezinkulu ezimnyama kakhulu zephunga elimnandi zikhula.
2. I-Valentinovka. Izithelo ezinomuncu obomvu zikhulu kakhulu. Zinhle ngokwenza ijeli.

Namuhla, phakathi kwabalimi, ama-currant egolide aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu. Le shrub iyamhlobisa: Izimbali ezinamakha zidwetshwa ngemibala ehlukene ephuzi, kuyilapho ekwindla amahlamvu eshintsha umbala wayo ube umbala omibalabala futhi omile kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, izithelo zingapendwe ngombala wewolintshi, obomvu, ophuzi, onsundu, opinki noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa i-currant enjalo inambitha kancane kancane kunombala omnyama, omhlophe nobomvu.

Ama-Currant Hybrids

Kuze kube manje, kuphela ama-hybrids ayi-2 athandwayo.

Yoshta

Le yi-hybrid ye-jamu ejwayelekile, i-blackcurrant ne-bulging gooseberry. Wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1970. Kwathatha iminyaka engama-40 ochwepheshe ukuyakha. Lesi sihlahla sokuhlakaza esiqinile kakhulu, sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-150 cm, ububanzi baso bungalingana namasentimitha ayi-150. Akunameva kulesi sitshalo. Izithelo zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-5. Zenziwe ngopende omnyama ngothayela onsomi. Amajikijolo aqoqwe ngebhulashi lezingcezu ezi-3-5. Banokunambitheka kwe-natimeg, okuyinto emnandi impela. Isihlahla simelana neqhwa, simelana nezinambuzane nezifo ngazinye. Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30. Idume kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

I-Chrome

Le hybrid yama-gooseberries kanye nama-currants yadalwa eSweden. Izithelo ezinkulu ezibushelelezi zipendiwe zimnyama futhi zifinyelela ububanzi bamamilimitha angama-20. Izingcezu ezi-3-5 kubhulashi. Lesi sitshalo asinalo iphunga elibi lama-currants. Izithelo zinambitheka womabili ama-currants nama-gooseberries. ESweden, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuyabonakala maphakathi noJulayi.