Imithambeka yezintaba eNyakatho Melika ivikelekile ngamakhulu wamabhasi alesi sitshalo. Abahlali bezindawo eziphakemeyo kanye namaxhaphozi, ama-blueberries baziwa ngokunambitheka kwabo okuhle, kanye nemibono emihle. Esihlahleni esincane, isethi elihlazisayo elincanyana (kufika ku-1 cm) oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama elinamaqabunga aluhlaza okhula. Umuthi wokudla oshukela omnandi ovela kule Delicacy uhlala kwimemori isikhathi eside, okwenza abaningi abavakashele ukuthi babuye lapha kaninginingi.
Le berry yaziwa ngaphansi kwama-pseudonyms anjenge-gonobol, ubuwula ne-dropsy. I-Blueberry ithole amagama ayizisabisi anjalo ngenxa yezindawo ezikhula kuzo kanye nezitshalo ezizinze eduze kwaso.
Habitat
Ungahlangana nesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi esifinyelela ku-1-3 m ukuphakama, imvamisa kakhulu esimweni sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama. Ihlobo lemvula liyisihluthulelo sesivuno esicebile kuye. Izindlela ezinomusa zaseRussia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eCaucasus, eSiberia, e-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude ziyizwe lebi. Noma kunjalo izindawo zakhe zokuzalwa yiCanada ne-United States. Ososayensi eJalimane nasePoland bafunde ukuhlakulela nokuzala inzalo yama-blueberry, izithombe ezinye zazo ezinikezwe ngezansi.
IVodopianka ingeyezitshalo ezingateketeki zomndeni wakwaVereskov, ngakho-ke, izizwa inomzimba omuhle enhlabathini nenhlabathi ebabayo. Indawo yokuhlala yakhe enkulu yile:
- izikhonkwane ze-peat;
- amahlathi ahlanganisiwe (izinaliti, uphayini kanye ne-larch);
- imigodi embozwe yi-moss;
- amawa;
- amahlathi amakhulu kaphayini;
- tundra.
Eduze kwama-blueberries, i-rosemary ivame ukukhula. Ngenxa yephunga elikhethekile nelinobuthi elimboza isihlahla, wamukela amagama abantu abangaka.
Le berry yasendle nayo ingatshalwa ezweni. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele nezihamba phambili zama-blueberries amadolobho ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- I-Blucrop ne-Bluegold. Ukukhetha okuhle ngalesi simo sezulu, ngoba amajikijolo anesakhiwo esiqinile futhi esiminyene.
- Patriot. Yabelwe ngokuqondile lezi zindawo.
- Duke. Uqhamuka eNyakatho Melika, lapho kunezimo zezulu ezifanayo.
Abalimi batusa ukungayeki ekubukeni okukodwa, kepha ukutshala okuningi ngasikhathi sinye. Uma ngenxa yesimo sezulu inyamalala, enye izosala. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ngempumelelo ukwehla okubukhali kokushisa. Ukungalingani okunjalo (-7 ° C) kungamelana ngisho nombala wesitshalo. Kulesi sifunda, ungavuna ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti.
Amajikijolo kufanele akhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze angawakhi amaqabunga anobuthi we-leadum. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukususa izithelo oxhumana nazo kusuka kubhasikidi, bese ukhipha izibulala izandla zakho.
Incazelo nezinzuzo
Iphutha elijwayelekile labaningi - badida ijuba ngama-blueberries, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi zonke izibonakaliso zencazelo yalo. Ngaphandle, lezi "zihlobo" eziseduzane ziyafana. Kodwa-ke, okwangaphakathi kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ama-Blueberries anenyama ebambekayo, kanti iziwula ziluhlaza okukhanyayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithelo zezidudla zamanzi zikhulu. Naye akazigcini izingubo. Ngaphandle, ama-blueberries ajwayelekile ahlukaniswa yizimpawu ezinjalo:
- Bush. Iziqu ezincane zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, kodwa ekugcineni zithole umbala onsundu. Zikhula ngokuqondile futhi ziningi kakhulu.
- Kushiya Thinta ngemithambo egqanyiswe ngokukhanyayo ngemuva kwendawo eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Amaphethelo agobeke kancane, futhi ngamunye wawo angaba cm 3. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lweqabunga le-elliptical luqukethe ukugoqa okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, zithola umbala obomvu okhanyayo bese ziyawa.
- Izimbali Izinsimbi ezimhlophe eziphaphathekile kancane ezipinki ezinamaphethelo amnyama. Ama-inflorescence angama-2-3 avela ku-petiole eyodwa akhula kuma-inflorescence. I-pedicel emfushane igoba ngaphansi kwesisindo sejug. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngoMeyi futhi ahlobisa imithambeka ebabazekayo yezintaba unyaka wonke kaJuni.
- Izithelo. Ripen ngoJulayi, futhi ungawaqoqa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Isisindo sezithelo zoku-1 cishe silingama-3 g, kanti ububanzi bufika ku-1-2 cm. Ngokuvamile esimweni kubukeka njengebhola. Yize kunezinhlobo zama-blueberries ezinamajikijolo abunjiwe, obomvu kanye nama-cylindrical.
Umbala we-velvet omnyama obukhazikhazi omfushane nge-tiles eblue uyenza ibe yiparele eliyigugu lam swamp. Inyama enamanzi aluhlaza ishiya ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunoshukela okunoshukela.
Umbala we-velvet omnyama obukhazikhazi omfushane nge-tiles eblue uyenza ibe yiparele eliyigugu lam swamp. Inyama enamanzi aluhlaza ishiya ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunoshukela okunoshukela.
Ukuqoqa amaconsi amanzi kuyinto yobuciko bonke. Amagatsha aminyene esihlahleni abamba amajikijolo amancane lapho edingiswa. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukusebenza kanzima ukuze uthole okwakho. Njengomphumela, ungenza i-compote, ujamu, iwayini, ujusi, ujamu, amazambane abunjiwe kanye ne-kvass kusuka izithelo. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukudla amajikijolo amasha. Banamavithamini amaningi, amaminerali nama-antioxidants:
- thuthukisa umbono;
- ukukhulisa i-hemoglobin;
- ushukela wegazi ophansi (onesifo sikashukela);
- vimbela ukwakheka kwamaseli womdlavuza;
- neqhaza ekwenziweni kwe-bile;
- wandise ukungatheleleki;
- phumuza amathumbu;
- ukuthuthukisa iphango;
- khipha ubuthi emzimbeni.
Isifinyezo esingahlaba umxhwele salokhu okumelwa yilolu hlobo lwe-Vaccinium sikhuthaza abalimi abaningi ukuba bakhule amajikijolo kwiziza zabo siqu. Iminyaka eyi-3 yokuqala, okuluhlaza okotshani obuswakemeyo kuhlobisa ingadi kuphela ngonyaka we-4 kunika isivuno, futhi kuzothela izithelo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-90. Uhlobo luni lwe-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongalukhetha endaweni yakho?
Ingadi
I-blueberry engadini itholakala emasimini asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeCanada nase-USA. Kukule ndawo lapho kuhlangana khona amaxhaphozi amaningi, amaConifers, kanye namahlathi aqothulayo, agcwele ezikhathini eziningi. Esimweni sezulu esinomswakama esinjalo, izihlahlana zifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2-3 ukuphakama. Ngakho-ke, zisebenza njengesihlahla esiphakathi sehlathi elikhula ngokunamandla.
Ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni wakwaHeather, ama-blueberries amade awawona anobuthi (ngaphandle kwama-esters nama-resin ayingozi), ngakho-ke angatshalwa eduze kwendlu noma ingadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-decoctions, i-teas, namanye ama-potion okwelapha alungiswa kusuka kumaqabunga namahlumela. Isici salokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamajikijolo adakiwe yile:
- Iziqu ezakhiwe zohlobo olunsundu, hhayi ezinwabuzelayo phansi. Ubukhulu bamagatsha buyi-1-4 cm.
- Uhlelo lwezimpande olufakwe ebusweni enhlabathini. Azikho izinwele zokumunca ezimpandeni.
- Amagatsha awagobeli phansi futhi awakwazi ukuzimpande emhlabathini.
- Izithelo zikhulu futhi zinambitheka kamnandi.
- Ukukhiqiza kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa (ubudala kuze kube seminyakeni engu-8) kungaphezu kwama-5 kg. Ukuqoqwa kuqala ngomhlaka 15 Agasti.
Ububi bezinhlobo ezinde kungukubandakanyeka kweqhwa. Kepha ukuhlukahluka kweBerkeley, kunalokho, kubekezelela ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, kepha luyawohloka ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Amabhasi ezitshalo ezinde kufanele athulwe ukuze kwandiswe isihlahla esincane. Kuhle ukukwenza engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wesi-3. Udinga ukusika iziqu ezibuthakathaka, ezithintekayo neziphansi, ushiye okungenani amahlumela ama-5.
I-Blucrop
Ingatshalwa kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nezinjongo zentengiso. Izinhlobonhlobo zavinjwa abafuyi baseMelika. Kuwo wonke amazwe anezimboni ezise Ntshonalanga Yurophu, ngaphezu kwe-60% yiBlueberry. Lokhu kukhetha kungenxa yezici ezilandelayo zesiko:
- Izithelo zivuthwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Iqoqo liqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi nango-Agasti wonke.
- Iyabekezelela iqhwa (-30 ° C, futhi uma liqhakaza -7 ° C) nesomiso ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Iphikisana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa. Ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo.
- Ukuphakama kweShrub kusuka ku-1.6 kuye ku-2 m.
- Amajikijolo amakhulu (cm 2 cm) anesakhiwo sokuqina, esiminyene. Isici esihlukile kungukukhanya okungajwayelekile kokukhanya.
- Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, aziqhekeki noma zisakazeke. Kugcinwe Ngokuphelele.
- Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye.
- Umqhele ophakeme wamaqabunga amakhulu uzoba uthango lwengadi. Isebenza ekuqaleni kwesizini noma sekwephuzile.
Indawo yemvelo yale hybrid yisimo sezulu saseRussia, iBelarus kanye ne-Ukraine. Izindawo ezihamba ngokulinganisela eziningi, lapho kutholakala khona izintaba, amawa, namahlathi.
Leli siko lingasakazwa ngokuhlelwa. Igatsha elide kufanele limbiwe emgodini olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile amamitha ayi-3 ukusuka esihlahleni bese uboshelwa emgqonyeni.
Patriot
Okunye ukuhlukahluka okumelana nesithwathwa futhi kubekezelela ngokushisa ama--30 ° C. Isimo sezithelo ze-Patriot blueberry sifana ne-ellipse, sithambile ngaphezulu nangaphansi. Uma uqhathanisa nezihlobo zazo, izithelo zePatriot lapho ukuvuthwa kubomvu ngombala, hhayi okuluhlaza okukhanyayo. Amajikijolo avuthiwe aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka one-tiles eblue. Baqoqwe ngamaqoqo acebile, ngakho-ke isivuno sokuqala akufanele sivunwe ngomshini. 
Izinzuzo zesiko lamaPatriot zibandakanya:
- Uhlelo lwezimpande lumelana nokulimaza sekwephuzile, kanye nokubola.
- Uyakwazi ukuzicoba ngempova. Uma utshala izihlahla eduze, lokhu kuholela ekuvinjelweni komhlaba.
- Izithelo zokuqala zinkulu, kepha amabhlogo alandelayo mancane.
- Isivuno esikhulu. Kufika kuma-7 kg kusuka kusitshalo esimaphakathi. Isihlahla sifinyelela kubude obu-2 m.
Le nhlobonhlobo ye-gonobol ikhula emhlabathini ongathandeki kangako, ngenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima. Ukumelana nenhlabathi emanzi evame ukukhukhula.
Isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, siphonsa amagatsha amasha. Kulokhu, kufanele unqanyulwe kakhulu. Amahlumela adinga kakhulu ukuncipha.
Ibhonasi
Izigidi zazithanda i-Blueberry Bonus, isiko elincane elisencane. Amajikijolo amakhulu (d = 30 mm) kanye nokuthela okuphezulu kwesihlahla esisakazayo yizizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani izithombo zifunwa kangaka. Ngokutshala, sebenzisa:
- amagxolo abolile;
- izinaliti ezintsha zeConifers;
- amagatsha we-spruce.
Indawo ebalulekile encazelweni yeBoneberry ehlukahlukene Ibhonasi kufanele inikezwe i-acidity yenhlabathi. Isimo se-PH sohlelo lwezimpande: 3 - 5.5. Ukufinyelela izinkomba ezinjalo, i-phosphoric acid noma i-ammonium usawoti we-sulfuric acid ingeniswa emhlabathini izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala. Indawo yemvelo yezinhlobo zeBonus ngamathanga aminyene amahlathi ama-coniferous and deciduous. Ngemuva kokutshala okunethezeka esakhiweni sakho somuntu siqu, ungathola "ibhonasi" enhle kakhulu ehlobo.
Uviniga noma i-citric acid isetshenziselwa ukugeza izakhamzimba phansi. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abancomi ukuyisebenzisa ukwandisa umhlaba.
Duke
Ngombono webhizinisi, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Duke Blueberry zaseMelika zithathwa njengezibalulekile kwezomnotho (izizathu zichazwe ngezansi). Lapho zigcinwa, amajikijolo athola ukunambitheka okucebile kwe-tart. Izici ezinenzuzo ezinhlobonhlobo zeDuke zifaka:
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiminyene sokhuni nezinso, singakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-34 ° C. Kodwa-ke, umswakama ngokweqile kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo kunganciphisa ukuzala kwesitshalo.
- Ukuzikhiqiza okuphezulu, ngoba akuvunyelwanga impova yizinhlobo ezingomakhelwane.
- Ilungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Kuthuthwa kahle, ngoba sinesikhumba esidubekile futhi siqinile.
- Iqhakaza sekwephuzile, futhi ithela izithelo ekuqaleni kuka-Julayi 15. Ngakho-ke, amafrimu entwasahlobo awakaze abhubhise izimbali.
- Udinga ukuthenwa okujwayelekile.
Izithelo zivuthwa ngokuthula futhi ngokushesha. Ungaziqoqa ngama-pass amaningi (2-3).
Izithelo zinamathela kakhulu esihlahleni. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo, amagatsha angaphuka, ngakho-ke adinga ukuboshwa.
Ukuphuma kwelanga
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lo shrub mude maphakathi neCanada. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia, i-Ukraine ne-Belarus, ama-blueberries I-sunrise ingabanda (-25 ° C). Izeluleko zamagatsha namahlumela zivame ukuhlupheka kulokhu.
Umqhele uyasasazeka, kepha udlulela kumamitha ayi-2. Kunamahlumela ambalwa, ngakho-ke awadingi ukuthenwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi izithelo zingancibiliki ngenxa yokushisa. Onqenqemeni lwesibhele esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhona ukuthosa okubomvu ngendlela yomqhele. Ifana nemisebe yelanga esibhakabhakeni esisempumalanga, ehambelana negama laso.
Bluegold
Le khompiyutha (efinyelela ku-120 cm ukuphakama) nesihlahla esiphakathi kweqabunga nayo ikhulelwe ukuhlobisa ukubuka komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Bluegold aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomunambithi omuncu omnandi ongatholwa usuvele phakathi ehlobo. 
Ibekezelela ubusika obukhulu (-34 ° C) futhi ilungele isimo sezulu esenyakatho neRussia. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithelo elangeni elihangayo:
- yomile, iphenduka izithelo ezomile;
- abe okubabayo;
- izihlahla zinokubukeka okusakazekayo.
Umswakama mncane kakhulu, futhi usayizi wezithelo uphakathi nokuhlanganisa okukhanya kwe-wax. Kulula ukukhula, ngoba ayidingi umanyolo we-organic, kepha ngaphezulu kumanyolo wamaminerali.
Amajikijolo avuthwa ngokushesha okwanele, ukuze akwazi ukubhoboka. Badinga ukuqoqwa ngesikhathi.
I-Pink Lemonade
Ukusuka esiNgisini, leli gama lihumusha njenge-pink lemonade. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba amajikijolo amancane (5-7 mm) ane-pink tint ekhanyayo. I-pulp inomnandi ngokunambitheka okumuncu. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-5 kg wesilimo. Njengoba ikhula ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, izizwa inethemba lokushisa nesomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwama-blueberries Pink Lemonade akudingi ukuhambisana namazinga we-acidity womhlabathi. Bazivumelanisa nemvelo PH = 6 nangaphezulu. Isihlahla esinamandla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-3, kepha asikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-24 ° C.
Noma kunjalo, ukuze ukhule lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisa zama-blueberries aseCanada naseMelika, kufanele wazi ezinye izici zokutshala nokunakekela isivuno. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imali eshisiwe nezinsizakalo ezonakele kuzoba ukuphela kokutholwa komlimi.
