IGusmania isitshalo esihlala sikhona esihlala sinamaqabunga aluhlaza futhi sinamakhandlela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-gusmania ziyizitshalo ezithandwayo zasendlini. IGusmania blooms ngokuya ngohlobo lwentwasahlobo noma ihlobo. Iyamangaza ngobuhle bayo nokukhanya kwayo. Ilingana ngokuphelele kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Sizokhuluma ngezici zokukhula kwe-gusmania ezimweni zamakamelo esihlokweni.
E-Gusmania.
Kafushane ngemindeni kaGusmania
E-Gusmania (E-Guzmania) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous ezihlala ziluhlaza zomndeni we-bromeliad (Bromeliaceae) Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sibizwa ngokungeyikho ngokuthi yi-guzmania.
I-genus gusmania inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-130 zezinhlobo zama-epiphytes nezitshalo zasemhlabeni ezisatshalaliswa eSouth Florida, eWest Indies, eMelika Ephakathi, eVenezuela, eBrazil; akhule emahlathini, emithambekeni yezintaba evulekile endaweni ephakeme efinyelela kuma-2400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Izimbali zezinhlobo ezithile ze-gusmania ziyi-clematogamous, okungukuthi, azivuli futhi ukuzicwala kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahlumela.
Izidingo ezikhulayo ze-Gusmania
Ukukhanya: okukhulu okukhulu. Ehlobo ntambama, i-gusmania kufanele ifakwe umthunzi. Ebusika, ukukhanyisa okuhle kuyadingeka.
Ukushisa: ngokulinganisela, esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo + 20 ... + 25 ° С, enkathini ebusika-ebusika - kahle kakhulu ngo-+ 16 ... + 20 ° С, hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 12 ° С. Ukuqhakaza okuphumelelayo kwe-gusmania, kunconywa ukugcina izinga lokushisa lingakapheli + 25 ° C.
Ukunisela: ngokulinganisela, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo kuya lapho kuphuma khona, amanzi akulo kufanele abe njalo. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, ukunisela i-gusmania kuyancishiswa, akunconywa ukuyinkcenkceshela ngo-socket.
Umswakama womoya: phezulu - 70-80%. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, i-gusmania idinga ukufafazwa njalo. Esikhathini se-ekwindla-ebusika, ukufafaza akukanconywa. Ikhula ngempumelelo kumathafa anamanzi, ama-florariums, izithombo zokugcina izithombo.
Yondla i-gusmania: esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo kanye ngenyanga ngomanyolo oxutshwe esitolo.
Isikhathi sokuphumula saseGusmania: aphoqwa, ngenxa yokuncipha kwamahora okukhanya kwelanga kanye nomswakama womoya ophansi, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari.
Ukufakwa kweGusmania: njengoba kudingeka, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2.
Ukuzala: inzalo yakamuva, imbewu.
E-GusmaniaIzici ze-Gosmania Care
Ukukhanyisela i-gusmania
IGusmania ingatshalwa zombili endaweni ekhanyayo futhi enomthunzi. Ukhetha ukukhanya okugqamile, kusukela elangeni eliqondile emini kufanele kufakwe umbala, ngokwesibonelo, ngephepha noma ngendwangu ye-translucent. Ikhula kahle emafasiteleni asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga. Ikhula kahle kumawindi asenyakatho, kodwa kungaqhakaza. Ehlobo, i-gusmania ingathathwa iphumele emoyeni ovulekile, kepha kufanele ivikeleke elangeni, emvuleni nasekungalungiswa. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokubeka izitshalo ngaphandle ehlobo, khona-ke kufanele uvule umoya egumbini.
Esikhathini sesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika ye-gusmania, ukukhanyisa okuhle kuyadingeka, ngalesi sikhathi ukujula akudingeki. Ungakha izibani ezingezekile usebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent zalokhu, uzifake ngaphezu kwesitshalo ibanga elingama-50-60 cm, okungenani amahora ayi-8 ngosuku. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kubalulekile futhi ukungena egumbini, kodwa okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe.
Ukunisela i-gusmanii nomswakama
Ngesikhathi sokukhula (kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba), i-gusmania iniselwa kakhulu njengoba inhlabathi yomile. Amanzi athululelwa emiseleni yokuphuma, mhlawumbe ekuseni. Amanzi adinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile emiseleni. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokuthoba ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwe-gusmania, kukhishwa amanzi endaweni yokuphuma. Ebusika, ukuchelela kusesilinganisweni, kunokuqukethwe kungaphansi kuka-20 + C, amanzi awathululelwa emiseleni, kepha isitshalo siyafafazwa.
Izitshalo ezibekwe esihlahleni se-bromeliad ziyasuswa ekusekelweni okungenani kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10 bese zicijwa emanzini axazululiwe kuze kuthi lapho zigcwalisiwe, emva kwalokho zivumele amanzi amaningi ukuba akhanyele abuyele endaweni.
Amanzi okunisela i-gusmania asebenzisa kahle futhi athambile, ama-2-3 degrees ngaphezulu kwezinga lokushisa lamakamelo.
Lapho okuqukethwe kwesitshalo ebusika kungaphezulu kwe + 20 ° C, ngezikhathi ezithile ungathela inani elincane lamanzi endaweni yokuphuma, kuphela ekuseni futhi uhlale ufudumele.
Njengawo wonke ama-bromeliads, i-gusmania ithanda umswakama ophezulu. Elanele ukulinyelwa kwakhe ku ithala noma greenhouse emanzi. Kuyadingeka ukufafaza isitshalo kaningana ngosuku. Ukuze wandise umswakama, lesi sitshalo singafakwa esikhwameni nge-moss emanzi, ubumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe. Kulokhu, phansi kwembiza akufanele kuthinte amanzi. Kufanele usule ngezikhathi ezithile amaqabunga e-gusmania ngendwangu emanzi, uwahlanze othulini, usebenzisa i-wax ekhethekile ukukhanyisa amaqabunga akululeki.
Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, umanyolo wokudonswa kwe-gusmania wenziwa kanye ngenyanga, kanti umanyolo ufakwa emanzini wokunisela bese uthunyelwa endaweni yokuphuma. Umanyolo usetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ama-bromeliads noma izitshalo ezijwayelekile zasendlini, kepha uthathwe ngokulingana kane ngaphansi kwezinye izitshalo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umthamo we-nitrogen kumanyolo kumele ube phansi, ukugcwala kwawo kungadala ukufa kwesitshalo.
IGusmania, ibanga "Scarlet Star"Gusmania ukufakelwa kanye substrate
I-Gusmania idluliswa njengokudingekile, isikhathi esi-1 njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, intamo yesitshalo ayingcwatshwa, kulokhu isitshalo singabola futhi sife.
I-substrate yokukhula kwe-gusmania kufanele ibe yisilonda, amanzi kufanele okungenani abe yi-1/3 ukuphakama kwembiza. Kwezinhlobo ze-epiphytic, inhlanganisela ihlanganiswa namagxolo aphaliziwe apayinisiwe, i-sphagnum ehlanganisiwe, i-peat, iqabunga, umhlaba we-humus (noma i-mullein eyomile) ngesilinganiso se-3: 1: 1: 1: 0.5 ngokufakwa kwe-perlite kanye nezingcezu zamalahle.
Ezinhlotsheni zomhlaba zomhlaba we-gusmania, kusetshenziselwa isigaqa esingaphansi kweshidi, umhlabathi we-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi (2: 1: 1: 0.5) .I-Sphagnum, umhlabathi we-turf, amagxolo esihlahla esinamandla, namalahle asetshenziswa njengezengezo. Amandla okubamba akufanele abe ajule kakhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa amapuleti abanzi.
Ukuzalela kwe-Gusmania
IGusmania kuyaqabukela isakazeka ngembewu, ikakhulukazi ngenzalo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-gusmania ngembewu
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ku-sphagnum echobozekile noma i-peat ngesihlabathi esengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, igezwa kusisombululo esibuthakathaka sepinki se-potanganum permanganate bese yomile. Imbewu ye-gusmania ayitshalwa enhlabathini, njengoba imila ekukhanyeni. Gcina izinga lokushisa lingakapheli u- + 22 ... + 24 ° С, ligcwalisa umoya njalo ufafaza. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-20, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-2,5 zidonswa engxenyeni yefudu, inhlabathi enamahlamvu kanye ne-peat (1: 2: 4). Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kutshalwa izithombo ezinamandla. Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza eminyakeni engama-3-4.
Ukusakazeka gusmania by amahlumela
Kulula ukusakaza i-gusmania ngezinqubo (inzalo). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo siyafa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi, ukuqhakaza kabusha ukuvuswa, kunikeze inzalo eminingi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, bakha amaqabunga ama-3-4 kanye nohlelo lwezimpande olubuthakathaka.
Ahlukaniswe ngokucophelela kanye nezimpande, futhi atshalwe ezitsheni ezigcwele nge-sphagnum, noma endaweni engaphansi enomhlabathi onamaqabunga, amagxolo likaphayini nesihlabathi (3: 1: 1). Ungasebenzisa i-substrate equkethe i-turf ekhanyayo, iqabunga, inhlabathi ye-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 1: 1,5, noma ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo yama-bromeliads.
Beka isitsha endaweni efudumele enamazinga okushisa angama- + 26 ... + 28 ° С, umboze ngephedi yengilazi noma isikhwama sepulasitiki sobala ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kwengilazi, endaweni efudumele nenemithunzi, ama-gusmania amasha akhula ngokushesha.
Lapho izitshalo ziqala ukukhula futhi ziqina, zijwayela izimo zokunakekelwa kwezinhlobo zabantu abadala.
Ukudubula okuzinze kweGusmania.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-gusmania
IGusmania inezifo zokukhunta okubangelwa umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okukhona. Umswakama owedlula lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amaqabunga ungadala ukufiphala kwesitshalo, kanye nokubola kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nesisekelo sesiqu.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthambisa ngokweqile, i-gusmania ingabola, ngakho-ke sinciphise ukuthambisa bese uthela amanzi endaweni ephumayo yeqabunga. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kubangela ukushiswa kwamaqabunga.
IGusmania iyathinteka nawukugcotshwa kwesicabucabu - emoyeni owomile, lapho amaqabunga neziqu zihlanganiswa ngama-cobwebs; izihlangu - amabala ansundu avela emaqabungeni nasezixekeni, eshiya ukuqhekeka okunamathelayo; ama-mealybugs - lapho izitshalo zimbozwe ngefreyimu emhlophe efana ne-fluff, aphid.
Isitshalo singasizwa ekwelapheni ngamanzi anensipho, ukuwasha ngemfudumalo nokufafaza nge-Actellicum (1-2 ml ilitha lamanzi).
Amaphethelo owomile wamaqabunga e-gusmania akhombisa umswakama ophansi ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi ku-fan.
I-limescale emhlophe emaqabungeni e-gusmania yenzeka ngenxa yokufafaza / ukunisela ngamanzi alukhuni. Sebenzisa le njongo kuphela amanzi ahlelwe kahle, emvula noma angcolile.
