Ubhatata yisilimo esivame kakhulu sezolimo esitshalwa ezingadini zasekhaya nakumakamelo ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokufana kobuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo ezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe lethu, kukhona umehluko ngezindlela zokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kungakho umbuzo wokuthi ujule kangakanani ukutshala amazambane, ukhathaza abaningi, kubandakanya abalimi abasaqala.
Yini enquma ukujula kokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokutshala isitshalo osinikeziwe: kwizimbobo, ezigodini, ngaphansi kwefosholo noma emiseleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula kwama-tubers kungahluka kusuka ku-5 cm kuya kuma-30 amasentimitha noma ngaphezulu. Yini enquma ukujula kokutshala amazambane?
Kunqunywa yizici eziningana ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Uhlobo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini omningi futhi oxegayo, ukujulelwa kokufakwa kwe-tuber kungaba kukhulu, ngoba inhlabathi enjalo idlula umoya impela, okuvumela isitshalo ukuba sikhule ngokushesha futhi sikhiqize ama-stolons amaningi angaphansi komhlaba, lapho kuboshwe khona inqwaba yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Emhlabathini ominyene, ukujula kokutshala amazambane kungaba yi-5-8 cm.
- Usayizi we-nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngokuvamile, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zivalwa ngokujula okukhulu kunale ezijulile, ngoba ziqukethe ukunikezwa okuningana kwezakhi zomzimba, okuvumela iziqu ukuba zikhule ngokushesha futhi zikhuthele ngokwengeziwe.
- Uhlobo lokutshala. Kaningi, abalimi bazijwayeza ukusika nezilimo eziyizigaxa zibe yizicucu ukusindisa izinto zokutshala. Ngamunye wabo kufanele abe namehlo amaningana noma amahlumela. Isilayi kufanele some kahle futhi siphathwe ngomlotha wezinkuni. Izinto zokutshala ezinjalo zivame ukuvalwa ukujula okungabi ngaphezu kwama-5-8 cm.
Izindlela zokutshala amazambane
Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani amazambane ngendlela efanele, kunzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokutshala ama-tubers esebenza phambili kunazo zonke. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene, wonke akhombisa imiphumela ehlukile. Kunezindlela eziningana ezithandwayo zokutshala lesi sitshalo.
Ukukhetha indlela yokutshala amazambane kunqunywa yizici zokukhululeka kwesiza, isifunda sokulima, izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, okuthandwa ngumgcini wegadi.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa yilezi:
Ngaphansi nefosholo. Emasimini amancane, amaningi asatshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphansi kwefosholo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zivaliwe cishe kuze kufike ekujuleni kwe-bayonet yefosholo. Le ndlela yokutshala amazambane inesizathu esizwakalayo ezinsweni ezikhanyayo futhi ezizimele, lapho amanzi aphansi komhlaba ajulile. Lapho ukutshala amazambane "ngaphansi kwefosholo" ngokuzayo, iningi lilinganiselwe ekwakheni izindunduma ezincane zobumba ezizungeze iziqu zesitshalo, ngoba inqwaba yama-stolons akhiqizayo ajule emhlabathini futhi asikho isidingo sokuthola umhlaba omningi kulesi simila.- Kumakhonkolo. Le nketho ilungele inhlabathi emanzi. Ama-Tubers atshalwa emigqeni, okuphakama kwawo okungama-15- 20 cm. Ekwakhiweni kwawo, imishini yokulima engadini noma ugandaganda omncane uvame ukusetshenziswa.
Emseleni. Kule ndlela, kusetshenziswa imisele enobubanzi obungu-10-20 cm. Ngaphansi kwayo kugcwele ama-humus abovu. Izinto zokutshala zithwetshiwe ezinhlangothini zombili, zakha umgodi ngaphezu kwawo, ukuphakama okungu-10 cm no-20 cm ububanzi.- "Ngaphansi kotshani." Le nketho isetshenziswa emazweni angavulwa. Abazimbangi inhlabathi nhlobo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zimbozwe ngotshani obukhulu botshani. Njengoba iziqu zikhula, inani lazo liya likhula kancane kancane.
- Skena izimbobo, Ukujula okungama-10 cm. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhuliseni izinhlobo zamazambane ekuqaleni kwenhlabathi ekhanyayo nekhululekile.
- Ngaphambi kobusika ebusika. Abanye abalimi bezindawo ezifudumele, lapho ubusika bungekho kakhulu, batshala amazambane ekugcineni kwehlobo. Le ndlela yokutshala ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu sokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ukufakwa emhlabathini kuvikelwe kahle emimoyeni. Ehlobo, kubhajwe enye etshalwe emithonjeni elungiselelwe. Lapho kuvela iziqu, zihlanganiswa. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, iziqongo zinqunywa. Inhlanganisela namazambane imbozwe ngotshani, amagatsha akhula ngesihlahla sonwele noma ngamaqabunga awile.
Ngaphansi nefosholo. Emasimini amancane, amaningi asatshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphansi kwefosholo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zivaliwe cishe kuze kufike ekujuleni kwe-bayonet yefosholo. Le ndlela yokutshala amazambane inesizathu esizwakalayo ezinsweni ezikhanyayo futhi ezizimele, lapho amanzi aphansi komhlaba ajulile. Lapho ukutshala amazambane "ngaphansi kwefosholo" ngokuzayo, iningi lilinganiselwe ekwakheni izindunduma ezincane zobumba ezizungeze iziqu zesitshalo, ngoba inqwaba yama-stolons akhiqizayo ajule emhlabathini futhi asikho isidingo sokuthola umhlaba omningi kulesi simila.
Emseleni. Kule ndlela, kusetshenziswa imisele enobubanzi obungu-10-20 cm. Ngaphansi kwayo kugcwele ama-humus abovu. Izinto zokutshala zithwetshiwe ezinhlangothini zombili, zakha umgodi ngaphezu kwawo, ukuphakama okungu-10 cm no-20 cm ububanzi.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza: angaqala ngaphi ukutshala amazambane? Kuya ngosayizi wama-tubers, izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane, indlela yokutshala. Kunezikimu ezahlukahlukene zokubamba, ezaziwa kakhulu ngazo yilezi:
- ibanga phakathi kwe-tubers - 40-50 cm, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - 50-70 cm;
- izinhlobo zokuqala zitshalwa ngesikhala sokususwa kuka-30-35 cm, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - 50 cm.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ama-tubers ahloselwe ukutshala kumele angasebenzi, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokugula noma ukulimala kwemishini. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kokutshala ama-tubers enhlabathini, zihluma ngamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-15-18 ° C. Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela afinyelele ku-0.5-1 cm wokutshala kukhishwe izinsuku ezingama-1-2 kukhanya. Ukulungiselela okunjalo ngaphambi kokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kukuvumela ukuba uthole izihlahla zamazambane enenqwaba yeziqu nama-stolons.
Ukutshala i-Tuber kuvame ukwenziwa ngesandla. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kwemishini ehlukahlukene yensimu. Idivaysi elusizo kakhulu ngumtshali wamazambane. Ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma yenziwe ngezandla zakho. Akusizi kuphela ukusebenza ngokomzimba komuntu, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imigqa eminingi yamazambane namazambane amahle kakhulu.
Ukulima umhlaba ngemuva kokutshala
Njengoba ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa akhiwa kumahlumela asondelene wesitshalo, emva kokutshala kwawo, kubalulekile ukukhulisa iziqu amahlandla amaningi phakathi nenkathi yokuphumula kwamasonto ama-2 kuze kube yilapho imbala eliluhlaza ligcwele phakathi kwemigqa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindunduma zomhlaba zakha izungeze isitshalo. Abagcini ngokufaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaphezulu, kodwa futhi bavikele nezitshalo ezincane eziqandeni ezisekupheleni.
