Ngokwamandla abo okunyusa isisindo somzimba, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kanye nekhwalithi yeplamu, amadada ezifuywayo ahlukaniswe inyama, iqanda futhi alinyiselwe izimpaphe naphansi. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zamadada zokuzalela ekhaya zivame kakhulu ukuba ne-nyama noma i-oriental nyama. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nokukhiqizwa okuhle kweqanda nokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Muva nje, abalimi bezinkukhu bebelokhu benaka kakhulu ama-broilers ekuseni - ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, nenyama enhle ebekekile nesisindo esihle.
Yonke imifino ekhona, imigqa yabahambi kanye neziphambano iyinzalo yezitolo ezivamile, ezifuywayo futhi ezixhonywe eYurophu nase-Asia, namadada ama-musky, izwe lakubo liyizwekazi laseMelika. Ngaphandle komehluko wendawo nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, lezi zinhlobo zamadada zikhombise ukusebenza kwazo okuhle lapho zigcinwa emapulazini amakhulu amancane kakhulu.
Ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo zamadada, izinhlobo zazo zasendle nezifuywayo, kanye nokuwela izethembiso kuzosiza umfuyi wezinkukhu ukuzulazula ezinhlobonhlobo ezinikezwayo nokwakha umhlambi okhiqiza kakhulu epulazini lakhe.
AmaNdiya noma Amadada Musk
Amadada Musk ayizakhamuzi zokuqala zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Ngokungafani nezitolo ezinkulu zase-Yurobhu, ezingakucabangi impilo ngaphandle kwamanzi, “amaMelika” ahlobene ngesizotha ukungabikho kwichibi, umfula noma ichibi eliseduzane. Zolile, futhi lapho zigcinwa egcekeni lezinkukhu ezivamile, izwi lazo lizwa kakhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sici, izinyoni zabizwa ngokuthi amadada we -isim swan. Njengoba izinyoni ezingeniswa zivela emazweni akude zazihluke ngokuphelele kumadada asekhaya ajwayelekile, abaseYurophu baqala ukufuna izici zezinye izinhlobo zabo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukukhula okubomvu ekhanda lezinyoni, ikakhulukazi kubantu besilisa, kubuye kwaveza esinye isidlaliso samadada - i-Indochka, ngokufaniswa kwama-turkeys, lapho ama-waterfowl engenzi lutho.
Amadada Musk angaba nombala ohlukile. Ngokungafani nenkukhu ezijwayelekile, azitholi isisindo masisha, kepha inyama yazo iphansi ngamafutha, ukuthungwa okuthe xaxa nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Abesilisa "baseMelika" abahlanzekile bangakhula babe ngamakhilogremu amahlanu ngesisindo, kuthi izinsikazi, ezicishe ziphindwe kabili, zikholwe njengezikhukukazi ezinhle kakhulu zomama.
Izimfanelo zenyama zokuqola zadonsela ukunakekela kwabahwebi. Namuhla, nzalo ehlanzekile yamadada ase-musky nenyama aseYurophu adumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezinkukhu.
Idada laseBeijing
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamadada zokuzalela ekhaya, izinyoni ezivela eMbusweni ophakathi zingabhekwa njengenye yezakudala. Idada le-Peking laqala ukwaziwa ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu eminyaka edlule futhi namanje alikasasebenzi. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okunekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yenyama, izinyoni eziqinile nezithandekayo kuyakuthokozela ukukhuliswa zombili emapulazini amakhulu nasezitolo zamapulazi ezizimele, futhi futhi zingabakhiqizi bemigqa eminingi yesimanje yenzalo kanye nzalo yamadada wenyama. Enye yazo ngama-moulards adumile namuhla, angagcini nje ngokugcina irekhodi lokuthola isisindo bukhoma, kodwa futhi nokunikeza isibindi esimnandi esinamafutha.
Abamele abahlanzekile bePeking zohlobo lwe-Peking bangamadada amhlophe anomzimba oqinile, obukeka kahle inyama, umlomo ophuzi-owolintshi, imilenze ihlukene phakathi. Izinyoni zinomhlane omude, isifuba se-convex, umsila ophakanyisiwe, amaphiko aqinile namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amadada we-peking asekuqaleni kakhulu. Kakade inyanga eyodwa nengxenye noma ezimbili zentsha zithola isisindo esingama-2,5 kg. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaba, ngokudla okufanele, ukudonsa kukalwa cishe ngamakhilogremu amane, kanti izinsikazi zingama-500 gr kuphela.
Isithelo senyama esivela kwesidumbu sifinyelela kuma-66%, kodwa-ke, la madada enyama akhuphula kalula hhayi kuphela izicubu zemisipha, kodwa futhi namafutha, okumele kubhekwe lapho kudalwa ukudla.
Idada elimhlophe laseMoscow
Ukuwela amadada e-Peking nabamele ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu, okubuye kwaqinisekiswa kaningi ngabazalisi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Isibonelo esifanele amadada amhlophe aseMoscow atholakala kubazali benyoni yePeking kanye nabantu abathile abazalanisa inkambu ye-khaki.
Amakhekhe wenyama akhethwa ezindlini ngezindlela eziningi afana nokhokho baseBeijing, futhi ngasikhathi sinye abonise ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okungcono, okuye kwanakekelwa iminyaka eminingi ekubekeni izikhukhula. Leli khwalithi lilusizo kakhulu kumadada okuzalela ekhaya. Le nyoni ikwazi kahle ukusebenza ezimeni zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ayinakungabaza ukondla nokuthola isisindo, amadlozi aphansi.
Rouen duck zohlobo
AmaFulentshi kade ayithanda imifino yenyama yamadada. Izinhlobonhlobo ezindala, ezifuywe eduze kweRouen ngesisekelo semfuyo yasendaweni kanye nezitolo ezinkulu zasendle, zaqanjwa ngegama lomuzi futhi zisakujabulela ukunakwa ngabalimi bezinkukhu. Idada laseFrance lilondoloze umbala wemvelo we-plumage, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ihluke kakhulu kuzinyoni zasendle emafutheni alo nokunambitheka kwenyama okubucayi. Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngu-5 kg futhi bancintisane ngamagama alinganayo nePeking namanye amadada enyama. Ngakho-ke, inyoni yohlobo lweRouen isabandakanyeka ekuzaleni futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthola iziphambano ezikhiqiza kakhulu inyama neziphambano zeqanda.
Idada leGrey Christ
Ngaphezu kwamadada e-Peking, indawo ebanzi kakhulu endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili, izinyoni ezimhlophe zaseMoscow nezinyoni zomdabu ezingeniswe ngasekupheleni kwama-80s, amadada ase-Ukraine ezinhlobonhlobo ahlukahlukene asathandwa eRussia. Imvamisa bakhuluma ngedada elimpunga ngokujwayelwa kwenyama enezinhlavu zomzimba ezakheke kahle, isikhumba esincane nomzimba omuhle weqanda leqanda.
Ezinyoni zalokhu kuzalwa, umehluko kumbala wamadoda nowesifazane ubonakala ngokucacile. Amaconsi afinyelela isisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-3.5, kanti amadada angaba nesisindo esingama-3 kg. Inani elijwayelekile lamaqanda abekwe alingana nezingcezu eziyi-120; ama-hekhodi abeka amarekhodi angakhiqiza amaqanda angama-250 ngonyaka.
Idada elibambe amabele
Enye imifino yasemakhaya ekhethiwe yase-Ukraine udayi omnyama onamathambo amhlophe, otholakala ngesisekelo semfuyo yendawo, wohlobo lwePeking nezinyoni zezinhlobonhlobo zama-khaki campbell.
Leli gama likhuluma kahle ngokubukeka kwalokhu kuzalanisa okufanele kokuzala kwamadada. Amadada anezinsiba ezimnyama, kanti izimpaphe ezimhlophe zibonakala esifubeni nasesisekelweni sentamo ebanzi eqinile. Uqhwaku lwamadada ase-Ukraine, njengamehlo nemilenze, nawo mnyama. Abesilisa nabesifazane banamaphiko aqinile eduze komzimba, imilenze emifushane eqinile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namadada amhlophe wePeking, le nyoni ivuthwa isikhathi eside, ifinyelela isisindo esikhulu samakhilogremu amane kuphela izinyanga eziyisithupha. Imvamisa, amadada enyama ahlatshwa eneminyaka eyi-2,5 nezinyanga eziyisithupha, lapho isidumbu sinesisindo esingu-2,5 kg, nenyama imnandi kakhulu.
Izinyoni zalokhu kuzalanisa zingadla amanoni, okumele kubhekwe lapho kuhlanganiswa ukugcinwa nokondliwa. Okunyaka, isikhukhukazi esinqenayo sinikeza amaqanda amakhulu angama-80 gramu.
Idada leBashkir
Abaholi ekutholeni izinhlobo ezintsha zamadada neziphambano zokuzalela ezifuywayo nezimboni eRussia namuhla bangabakhiqizi besitshalo sokuzalela iBlagovarsky eBashkiria. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, idada laseBashkir selibe uphawu olwaziwayo hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokusekelwe kumadada wohlobo lwePeking ngohlobo lwe-plumage "yasendle" ebonakalayo, uhlobo lwamadada eColored Bashkir lwakhiwe lapha. Le nyoni ekhiqizwa kahle esekela ekuqaleni-ukuvuthwa yenyama, enezinketho ezimbili zemibala: i-khaki noma nsundu futhi emnyama enamabele amhlophe.
Isici esibonakalayo samadada aseBashkir ngamafutha enyama aphansi kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwePeking noma iBlagovar.
Esithweni sokuzala iBashkir "iBlagovarsky" kuphinde kwatholakala esinye isiphambano esidumile samadada aseBlagovarsky. Le yinyoni yenyama neqanda lendawo yonke, ikhula ibe ngu-3,4 kg ngamaviki ayisikhombisa futhi ngasikhathi sinye esikwazi ukukhiqiza amaqatha angama-240 amaqanda aphezulu ebangeni ngalinye.
Amantshontsho aleli lizwe eliwela umgwaqo ahlukaniswa amandla amakhulu nokungathobeki. Zikhula kahle zombili ezimeni zamapulazi ohlobo lwezezimboni nasemapulazini abantu uqobo.
Amadada aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uhlobo oluhehayo lokuzalela ekhaya yidada le-Blue Favorite. Le nhlobonhlobo yatholwa abafuyi bebhizinisi elilodwa leBashkir. Okhokho benyoni enhle enamapulangwe angajwayelekile baba ngabantu bakadayi waseKolishi waseKolishi. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka womthunzi wensimbi akuyona ukuphela kwesici sezinyoni. Amadada amakhulu enyama akhula kalula aze afike ku-5 kg wesisindo bukhoma, kanti ikhwalithi yenyama ingcono kunaleyamadlozi awo namadada asedumile aseBeijing.
Amadada amancane uFavorite ahlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela okuhle nobungqabavu. Le nyoni ikhula kahle futhi ngokudla okukhethwe kahle ifinyelela ku-3.6 kg yesisindo ezinyangeni ezimbili. Epulazini elizimele, abalimi bezinkukhu bangathola amaqanda ayi-140 ngonyaka kusukela ekubekeni izinkukhu. Ngokwencazelo yohlobo lwedada nokubuyekezwa okukhona, le nyoni ithembisa konke ukulima kwezimboni nakwezimele.
Amadada Adigel
Amadada ka-Agidel azalwe eBashkiria ayinzalo yesiphambano senyama seBlagovarsky, izinyoni zezinhlobonhlobo zeSuper M kanye nohlobo lwamaqanda amadada umgijimi waseNdiya. Ngokuvela, ukukhuluma ngokuma kwenyama kwesiphambano, izinyoni azifani kuphela kudatha enhle kakhulu yokondla, kodwa futhi ngamanani aphezulu aphezulu weqanda.
Amadada we-Agidel anomzimba omude omningi, amapayipi amhlophe aminyene nomlingiswa omuhle, ophumelelayo. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamadada asevele aneminyaka engama-7 amasonto kukhombisa isisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu, kanti ngonyaka unyaka isikhukhukazi esidlulayo singakhipha amaqanda amakhulu angama-240, anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-90.
Inyama yalolu hlobo lwamadada ingezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, aliphansi kuma-mullards noma kwezinye izinyoni zenyama ezikhethwe kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokungafani namadada we-broiler, okwenziwa umkhiqizo wawo ikakhulukazi kuncike ekutholeni ukudla kwamaprotheni, idada leBashkir likhula ekudleni okutholakalayo kunoma yiliphi ikhaya, ngisho nelisesilinganisweni, nasekhaya. Izinyoni zidla ngokuphelele noma yiziphi izitshalo eziluhlaza, okusanhlamvu, imfucumfucu kanye nokuchitheka kukadoti.
Isizinda semadada wasekhaya
Ngenxa yenyama ebusayo, ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kokuqala, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenyama okuqoshwa phakathi kwezinkukhu ezinamanzi, amanzi e-mulards aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezinkukhu zezinkukhu kanye nasezitshalweni ezinkulu zezimboni. Okwamanje, idada lasekhaya Mulard alikwazi ukubizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi uhlobo. Le yi-interspecific hybrid etholakele kusukela lapho uwela iPeking noma amanye amadada ase-Europe kanye ne-American Indowoks.
I-pair yedada le-musky lapho ithola inzalo ye-hybrid ingaba yinyoni ye-Peking, namadada eRouen, kanye nabantu bezinye izinhlobo zenyama. AmaMoolards abizwa ngokuthi ama-broiler ducks ngenxa yezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokondla ezifanayo nezinkukhu ezikhulisa inyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni iziphatha kahle zombili lapho ikhula emapulazini amakhulu, nasemapulazini abantu uqobo. Amadada wasekhaya anokuthula, azolile futhi akhetha.
Ezinyangeni ezine zokugcinwa, isisindo sale nyoni singafinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-7. Izinsikazi ezisezindlini zezimboni zivame ukukhuliselwa inyama, futhi ukudonsa kuhlinzeka ngesibindi esihle kakhulu kuma-foie gras.
Njengoba isizukulwane esinjalo esihlanganisiwe asivezi inzalo, umhlambi wabazali wale nyoni awakhiwa, iqanda alitholwa kumanyuzi.
I-Hybridization yasiza abalimi bezinkukhu ukuxazulula izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko zamadada we-musk ne-Peking. Inyama yangaphambili, enenyama ebusayo, inhlanzeko nokuthula, ikhuluphaliswa kancane kancane futhi ayinasisindo esiningi. Izinyoni ezi-peking zikhulu, kepha ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha kungadla amanoni bese kulahlekelwa yinyama.
Amadada e-Moulard alungele ukukhula, ngoba asanda kuvuthwa futhi akhiqiza inyama enambitheka ngokumangazayo.
I-Duck Star 53
I-broiler enenyama yedada esindayo yamukelwa abafuyi benkampani yaseFrance iGrimaud ekhulula ukukhethwa. Lesi isiphambano esikhiqiza kakhulu, esenzelwe ukondla inyama nokuthola isibindi se-foie gras.
I-Duck Star 53 inesilinganiso sokukhula okuphezulu kanye nesisindo esisebenzayo. Le nyoni inamapulangwe amhlophe omhlophe, umzimba oqinile nesifuba esikhulu. Sekuyiminyaka engama-50 yobudala, isisindo bukhoma samadada angama-3.7 kg. Isifuba senyama, ingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yesidumbu, siyingxenye yesithathu yobunzima besinyoni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhwalithi yenyama yokudla enamafutha asezingeni eliphansi ingcono kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu. Ekuzaleni, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamadada kubonakale kungahambelani nezifo, kungahambisani nezifo futhi kusebenza kakhulu.
