Izici zezihlahla zama-apula ezikhulayo

Ingxenye 1. Imithi yama-apula emise okoloni - izici nezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu
Ingxenye 2. Izici zezihlahla zikapula ezikhulayo

Emazweni aseRussia kanye nasemazweni e-CIS, isihlahla sama-apula yisitshalo esithandwa kakhulu. Kepha ezindaweni ezincane zekotishi akunakwenzeka ukubeka izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-1-2 ngenxa yomqhele osabalalisa kabanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka kwezilimo ezikoloni, kwakha isivuno esikhulu, kuhlala endaweni encane, kudonsela ukunakekela kwabalimi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezimpawu zokuthi izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika azakhi izitshalo ezilindelekile, izithelo zincane futhi azinambitheko, kanti ukuphakama emoyeni, okwakha amahlumela aseceleni, akufani nekholomu evalwe ngama-apula. Ngokunokwenzeka, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokwephulwa, okwathi eminyakeni yokuqala bufuna kusetshenziswe kanzima zonke izinqubo zokunakekelwa ezinikeziwe, ikakhulukazi ekunikezeni ukudla, ekuniseleni, ekutheneni nasekukhetheni kwezitshalo.

Umuthi we-apula owenziwe ngo-Colon “Sonata”.

Izidingo zendawo nezomhlabathi

Banikezwe ukukhula okungekuhle kohlelo lwezimpande zalolu hlobo lwesihlahla samaapula, badinga inhlabathi evundile yomthamo ophezulu, amanzi- futhi akwazi ukuphefumula. Emhlabathini onobumba obunzima, kudingeka amanzi amnandi emgodini wokutshala. Ngaphansi kwengadi yezinhlobo ezinsika, kungcono ukhethe indawo enamanzi amaningi komhlaba (okungenani amamitha ayi-2 ukusuka enhlabathini yomhlabathi). Izihlahla ze-Apple azithandi umthunzi futhi azikwazi ukuma ngokuqinile komoya onamandla, ngakho-ke, isiza kufanele sibe yilanga futhi sivikeleke emikhakheni yomoya egcwele.

Isikhathi nemithetho yokutshala izihlahla zama-apula wekholomu

Imithetho yokuthenga izithombo

Indima enkulu ekutshaleni izihlahla zezihlahla zama-apula enamakholoni idlalwa ngokutshala izinto. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zithengwa kangcono esikhungweni sezingadi noma enkulisa. Lapho uthenga emakethe, futhi ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni emikhulu, izithombo zezinhlobo zasehlobo zingathengiswa esikhundleni sezinhlobo zasekwindla, inhlobonhlobo eyodwa ingashintshwa ngesinye noma isitshalo esihlukile (isibonelo, iparele). Ukuze ungakhohliswa futhi uthole izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme, landela le mithetho elandelayo.

Thola izithombo ngomakilapho kubhalwa khona ibanga nobudala besithombo. Cela umthengisi ukuba aphelezelwe abhaliwe, okubonisa ukukhanda indawo, isikhathi sokuzala, ubunzima busika, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, enye imininingwane.
Izithombo zithengisa ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile noma oluvaliwe. Uma uthenga izithombo ngqo enkulisa, kungcono ukuthenga ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande. Izithombo ezinjalo zinempilo ende eshalofini ngaphambi kokutshala namaphesenti aphakeme okusinda ngesikhathi sokutshala njalo. Naka isitsha. Ukuthi lesi yisithombo sikhule yini kuso noma satshalwa ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Isithombo esitshalwe esitsheni ngaphambi kokuthengisa kulula ukusisusa kusukela ekugcineni futhi kungenzeka singabi nezimpande.
Ungabuza ukuthi ugaya yini isithombo sezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe futhi uyihlolisise. Akufanele kube nomonakalo ongokoqobo kumagxolo nezimpande. Lokhu kokugcina akufanele kube nokuxhuma ezimpandeni eziphakathi nendawo.
Hlola umuthi wokugoma. Njengoba unikezwe ukuqina kwe-scion kanye nesitoko, umuthi wokugoma ungalimala. Naka isitoko. Kwizihlahla zama-apula ezikoloni, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezi-2 zesitoko seParadizu Belorusskaya (PB-4) ezifundeni eziseningizimu neMalysh Budakovsky yendawo ephakathi yeRussian Federation. Zihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zamasheya ngombala wamagxolo: ku-PB-4 imvamisa iluhlaza okombala ocishe ube nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwesibili kubomvu ngokubomvu. Ezinye izimpande ngeke zenze isiqiniseko sobuncane bemithi yama-apula wekholomu nezinye izici zezinto eziphilayo ezinamakholamu.
Uma uthenga izithombo ezilungiselelwe ukuthengiswa, hlola uhlelo lwezimpande. Izimpande kufanele zibe nokunwebeka, ngaphandle kokudonsa kanye nokugoba. Lapho ususa amagxolo kusuka ezimpandeni, izicubu kufanele zibe mhlophe, ziphilile. Amagxolo esithombo awomisiwe, amaqabunga ayasuswa.
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo zonyaka. Azinamagatsha aseceleni. Isiqu sivame ukuba ngama-60-70 cm ubude nezinso ezi-5-6.
Lapho kuhanjiswa endaweni okufika kuyo futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande kufanele zihlale zimanzi. Kufanele zimbozwe nge-burlap enomswakama nefilimu. Ngaphambi kokuba wehle, gcobhoza ebhakedeni elinezimpande noma esinye isivuseleli sezimpande ubusuku bonke.

Ukulungiselela umgodi

Imigodi yokufakelwa ilungiselelwe kangcono ekwindla ngokwesikimu esifakiwe kwidayari. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa okungenani yi-1.0-1.2 m, emugqeni ophakathi kwezihlahla (ngokususelwa endaweni yokuhlala isivuno) 0.4-0.6 m. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomgodi wokufika ngu-50x50x50, 60-70x60-70x50 cm, nowokugcina ngokwezifiso ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo oluthengiwe.

Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise ikholomu "Rondo". © artevos

Ukutshala izithombo zesihlahla se-apula sekholomu

Ngokutshala, kusebenza kakhulu ukusebenzisa izithombo zonyaka. Zithatha izimpande ngokushesha, yize zibukeka zincanyana futhi zincane ngokubukeka ngokuqhathaniswa nama-biennials. Ukutshala kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. I-Drainage yenziwa kusuka kumalahle ahlanganayo nesihlabathi ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-20-25 cm. Umhlabathi osusiwe womgodi wokutshala kumele uhlanganiswe ne-humus noma umquba ovuthiwe nomanyolo wamaminerali we-phosphorus-potassium. Kwisihlahla esisodwa, ingxube kufanele ibe nama-4-5 kg wezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-80-90 g ngalinye le-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Kufakwa ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni engxenyeni futhi kuxutshwe kahle.

Sifaka isiqu se-seedling emgodini ngokuqinile sibheke ngqo, siqonde izimpande, sishayele ekusekelweni. Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele lutholakale ngokukhululekile emgodini ngaphandle kokugoba izimpande. Siqala ukugcwala emuva kusuka ezindaweni ezingenalutho, sisondela eduze kwesithombo. Njengoba unikezwe ukuqina komzimba wokugoma, qaphela futhi uqaphele. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi ophakathi nendawo, gxilisa kancane inhlabathi bese ugcwalisa amabhakede amanzi ayi-0,5 angabandi emgwaqweni, kodwa ungcono kunokushisa kwegumbi. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, hlola indawo yesihlobo sokugoma emaphethelweni womgodi wokutshala. Umuthi wokugoma kufanele ukhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Uma umuthi wokugomba usembiwe, izimpande ze-scion zingaqala ukukhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Ekugcineni sigcwalisa umgodi, sihlanganise inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu bese sibopha isithombo kusekelelo ngeribhoni ebanzi ngokusebenzisa isibalo esiyisishiyagalombili. Sakha umgodi ezungeze isiqu seyisithombo ngezinhlangothi ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-2-3 cm bese sengeza amanzi. Kuyisithombo ngasinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngamabhakede ama-1-2, kuya ngeminyaka yesithombo. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ibanjisiwe. Ubusika, i-mulch isusiwe.

Isihlahla sama-apula esime njengombala. © Erika Stardig

Ukunakekela isihlahla se-Colon Apple ngemuva kokutshala

Ukunakekelwa kokutshala ngemuva kwemithi yama-apula emise okoloni kuqukethe:

ukugqoka okuphezulu
ukuchelela
izihlahla
ukulawula umthwalo wesihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza,
ukuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni,
Ukuvuna
ukuvikelwa ebusika.

Ukondla

Njengoba unikezwe indawo engaphezulu yezimpande zezihlahla zama-apula ezimise okoloni, kungcono ukwenza okuphezulu kokugqoka okwenziwe ngokuqinile endaweni enomhlaba ngokushumeka okuncane kungqimba olungaphezulu ka-1 cm cm nokunisela okwalandelayo ngaphandle kwengcindezi yejet. Ngenkathi yokukhula, kwenziwa izingubo ezintathu eziphezulu.

Emhlabathini wenhlabathi evundile ngesikhathi sokudla kokuqala, ungazikhawulela ekungenisweni kwe-nitroammophoska ukusakazeka ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga ku-50-60 g / isihlahla. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngenyanga ngemuva kokutshala isithombo. Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kuphindaphindwa emuva kwamasonto ama-3-4 bese kuthi okwesithathu kubuye amanye amasonto angama-3-4. Esikhundleni se-nitroammophoski, isisombululo se-urea singasetshenziselwa ukondla. Dissolve 2-3 wezipuni zikamanyolo ku-10 l wamanzi bese ufaka u-2-3 l / isihlahla ngaphansi kwempande, kulandelwe ukuchelela noku-mulching. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, ukugqokwa phezulu sekuqediwe.

Emhlabathini owonakalisiwe, ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kuvame ukwenziwa nge-humus. Bangeza amabhakede ama-2-3 we-humus ovuthiwe noma umquba komgwaqo wokugcotshwa komqhele, amanzi ne-mulch. Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, kusetshenziswa ama-80 g we-superphosphate no-50 g we-sulfate noma i-potassium chloride ngaphansi kwesihlahla esi-1. Zingakwazi ukushintshwa nge-250-300 g ye-urea noma ibhakede le-0,5 le-slurry. Ingubo yesithathu ephezulu ihlukaniswe ngezinhlelo ezi-2. Maphakathi noJulayi, i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate (30 g / isihlahla ngesisombululo) iyangezwa futhi nangemva kwamaviki ama-2 ingxube ye-phosphorus-potassium (25 g ye-potassium ne-40-50 g ye-superphosphate) noma umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ngezincomo.

Isihlahla sama-apula esime ngendlela yekolishi "Maloni-Sally". © i-lubera

Khumbula! Ngemuva kwesicelo ngasinye somanyolo, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka.

Ngaphezu komugqa omanyolo womanyolo, izingilazi eziyi-1-2 zomlotha zingasakazwa zizungeze umngcele womqhele. Ukuba nohlelo oluncane lwezimpande, izihlahla zama-apula zisabela kahle ekunikezelweni kokondliwa kwamafutha ngezisombululo ze-microelement, ama-decoctions amakhambi, i-sodium humate nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, konke ukuphaka sekuphothuliwe.

Izinhlelo ezingaphezulu zokudla azibonisi zonke izindlela, kepha ziyizincomo zabaqali bokuqala. Esimweni ngasinye, isilinganiso, isikhathi nohlobo lomanyolo kuzohluka. Kepha uma usondla, udinga ukulandela umthetho:

entwasahlobo, inhlabathi igcwele umanyolo we-nitrogen wokuthuthuka okungcono kokusebenza kwamaqabunga,
ngesikhathi sokufuthwa kuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibhekene nokwakheka kwezilimo (phosphorus, potassium, element trace),
ekuqaleni kokubekwa kwezithelo - ukwakheka okunomthelela ekukhuleni kwesisindo sabo nokutholwa kokunambitheka. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwethula umanyolo omncane we-nitrogen, umanyolo oyinhloko ngumanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, micronutrients we-foliar uyasetshenziswa.

Ukunisela Izihlahla ze-Apple ezinomumo we-Colon

Ukuchelela kunquma ubumnandi bepulpiti, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isihlahla sithola umswakama owanele kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ngokunisela okukodwa, yakha izinhlangothi ezincane (ezingeqi ku-2 cm) ukugcina umswakama. Sebenzisa okungenani amabhakede ama-1-2 amanzi esihlahla ngasinye se-apula, ngemuva kokuthi usuntshiwe, mulch enhlabathini. Isidingo sokunisela njalo sinqunywa ukujula kwenhlabathi. Ngomaleko owomile ongu-4-5 cm ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kuyadingeka. Uma kunohlelo lokunisela, ingadi iyaniselwa eduze kwemisele phakathi kwezintambo. Esimweni sezulu esomile, isiko liphendula kahle ukufafaza, okwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Kwinhlabathi ekhanyayo, ukuchelela kwenziwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto.

Ukulawulwa komthamo wesihlahla sama-apula okwenziwe Colon

Ukuze isihlahla esidala sikwazi ukwakha izitshalo ezanele, sidinga isikhathi sokulungiselela ukwenziwa okuhle. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi umthwalo omkhulu (iminyaka engu-1-2) uzokwenza umuthi ube buthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqhakaza susa wonke ama-ovari, kusale u-1-2 ukubona ukuthi izithelo ziyoba yini (ngesimo, umbala, ukunambitheka, nephunga). Ngonyaka olandelayo, isigamu sezimbali zisusiwe, futhi esixekweni ngasinye esisele, ngemuva kokufinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1-2 cm, amaqanda ama-1-2. Eminyakeni elandelayo, 2 kuncipha kwenziwa kuxhumano lwezithelo: ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaqanda. Ekunciphiseni kokuqala, kunezikhathi zokudla eziphindwe izikhathi ezimbili kunenani lezilimo ezizayo. Lapho izingcezwana zibopha isithelo, ukuthambisa kuyaqhutshwa futhi, kungashiyi amaqanda angaphezu kwama-2. Izithelo zikhulu, futhi isihlahla ngokwaso asihlushwa ukukhathala. Ukuhlelwa kwesitshalo nalokhu kwakhiwa minyaka yonke. Uma umthwalo usinda kakhulu, ama-apula mancane, ngokuvamile awanambithiso, futhi izithelo ziyavela (emva konyaka).

Izihlahla ze-apula

Umuthi we-apula wekholomu weqiniso ukhula esiqwini esisodwa, empeleni awenzi amahlumela akamuva, futhi isihlahla esinjalo asidingi ukugawulwa. Kepha, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kofuzo, bese isihlahla sama-apula sakha amagatsha aseceleni. Kulokhu, ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kwekholoni, izihlahla ezisetshenziselwa indlela eyodwa kwezi-2:

Amagatsha ama-lateral asuswa yi-2 buds, aqala ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwesihlahla seapula,
yakha umqhele emithini emithathu (i-candelabrum).

Indlela engu-1 yokutshala

Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise okoloni, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenani elanele lamagatsha ezithelo, zibeka isivuno esiqwini esiphakathi. Amagatsha akamuva aphula ukuvumelana kokubumbeka kwesihlahla se-aerial futhi athatha ingxenye yezakhi zokuthuthuka kwawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala kusukela entwasahlobo yokuqala, amagatsha asebusweni (uma ekhona) kumele anqunywe aba ngama-2 efihlekile. Ngo-ekwindla, bakha amagatsha ama-2 cm angama-20-30 cm. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, ihlumela elingaphakathi neliphezulu elingenhla alithinti. Kuzoba ukuqhubeka kwesigaxa ngokuzayo. Amahlumela aphambili mancane, athuthukisiwe, ama-curve ayasuswa, kanti lawo asethuthukile aqondiswa phezulu, anqunywe - eyodwa ngama-2 efihlekile, bese kuthi owesibili ashiye izithelo, anqamule aze afike ku-30 ukuya ku-35- 35 cm.Uma esekhiphe isivuno, leli gatsha linqunywe ngokuphelele entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngonyaka wesithathu entwasahlobo, ihlumela elingaphezulu (hhayi maphakathi) lisikwa ngo-25 cm kusuka esiqwini esiphakathi. Amahlumela amancane owedlule alandwe ngaphandle, lawo maningi ayasuswa, kanti lawo aqine ancishiswa yi-2 buds. Ingxenye yamahlumela aze afike ku-40 cm ubude ishiyelwa izithelo. Vimbela ukukhula kwekholomu iminyaka engu-5-6. Yonke iminyaka elandelayo, susa amahlumela angenasidingo, abuthakathaka, acishe ngaphandle, ashiye lawo mpo, alandelwe ukuthenwa kwe-2 buds. Ehlobo, i-pinch ihluma ngokukhula okunamandla kakhulu, kepha ukuncishiswa kokugcina kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo kuze kube yilapho zivulekile.

2 indlela yokunisela

Indlela yokwakha ikholomu elijwayezwe ngu-candelabrum isetshenziswa kaningi ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo lapho kufe izinso maphakathi. Kulokhu, imikhono yezithelo engu-1-2 yakhiwa kusuka amahlumela aqinile e-lateral. Ukwakheka kuqala lapho amahlumela efika ku-20 cm ubude. Ngamunye ngamunye, eqinisweni, ngokuzayo ikholomu ehlukile. Ekuphakameni, cishe azidluli isiqu esimaphakathi. Zibuye zakhiwe njengesiqu esiphakathi, zisike amahlumela aseceleni abe ama-2 efihlekile. Esikhundleni esisodwa, iziqu ezingama-2-3 ezizimele zitholakala esiqwini esisodwa (i-candelabrum).

Ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni

Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise okoloni zinokungazethembi okuphezulu kokulimazeka kwezinambuzane ikakhulukazi izifo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni ye-epiphytotic, ukuhlasela okukhulu kwama-aphid, izinambuzane zezimbali nama-mabhungane wezimbali kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo. Izindlela zokuzivikela ziyefana nakwizihlahla ezijwayelekile zama-apula. Imininingwane yezindlela zokuvimbela nokuvikela ingatholwa esihlokweni esithi “Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kwengilazi kwezithelo”

Ezinye izitshalo zinambuzane zivikela izihlahla zama-apula kahle ezinambuzaneni. Bazohlobisa ingadi futhi basuse ezinye izinambuzane ze-marigold, dill, balm, ne-calendula.

Ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla zama-apula ekoloni ebusika

Ezihlahleni ezine-apula ezimise okwekholoni, ihlumela elineqhwa ekujuleni okuphakathi lingahlupheka phakathi nobusika beqhwa. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, umuthi omncane umbozwe ngezendlalelo eziningana ze-spandbond, i-burlap, nezinye izinto zokufudumeza.

Ukusuka ekushisweni yilanga, isiqu somuthi weapula wekholishi simhlophe sigcotshwa ngesixazululo esinamakhanda amakhulu ngokufakwa kobumba, i-sulfate yethusi noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Ungenza i-whitewashing ngesixazululo esikhethekile se-emulsion yamanzi wezilimo zezimbali. Le yinhlanganisela eqediwe. Azikho izengezo ezidingekayo. Ukusuka namagundane asebusika (amagundane, ama hares), isiqu sihlukaniswe ngeketela elenziwe ngokumba ngokumba okungu-2-3 cm emhlabathini (qaphela ukuthi ungalimazi impande). Ebusika, ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa ngalinye, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokucophelela iqhwa elizungeze isiqu (kusuka kumagundane anjengegundane). Uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla zama-apula wekholamu luthambile, ngakho-ke, ukunyathela iqhwa, musa ukuncika kuso sonke isisindo, ungalimaza izimpande.

Ukuvuna

Ukuvunwa akunzima, ngoba ukuphakama kwezihlahla zamaapula ezihlanganisiwe akudingi amadivaysi akhethekile. Ukuhlanza kuqala ngokuya ngebanga. Isivuno masisha ngemuva kokubekwa kwenqwaba endaweni yokugcina (engaphansi, emiphongolweni) ezitsheni ezincane ezihlukile, emabhokisini nakwezinye iziqukathi. Okwesitoreji sasebusika, izinga lokushisa elilungile liyi + 2 ... + 3 ° C. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinempilo yeshelufu elisetshenziselwa ukucubungula (amajusi, ama-compotes, ama-jams, njll.).