Ukugoma umuthi we-apula ehlobo kulula kakhulu. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukunaka amaphuzu athile abalulekile. Kuyafaneleka futhi nokubheka imithetho yokugawulwa kokusikwa, lokhu kuzonyusa amathuba okuqanjwa ngempumelelo kwegatsha elisha.
Ukulungiselela ukusika lokugoma
Ukuze kuxhunyeleliswe isihlahla sama-apula ehlobo siphumelele, kuyadingeka ukufeza kahle inqubo yokuvunwa kwama-cutways - scions. Lezi zinto ziyizingxenye ezincane zamagatsha enye i-apula noma esinye isihlahla sezithelo, noma amahlumela wonyaka wonke. Kufanele zakhiwe ngokuphelele. Ukusika kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba izihlahla sezingasebenzi futhi zingene esimweni sokuphumula - ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi (ngemuva kokulahlwa kwamaqabunga) noma ekuqaleni kobusika.
Ngokwethi, ungavuna ukusikwa kuze kube maphakathi noJanuwari. Njengendlela yokugcina, kuvunyelwe ukusika ama-scions ekupheleni kwale nyanga. Kamuva akunangqondo ekwenzeni izikhala, ngoba ukutholakala kokutholwa okunjalo akuqali noma kungenzi izimpande kabi. Lokhu kuchazwa kalula - lapho ilanga liqala ukufudumala, izinto ezikhethekile ze-lamellar ziqala ukuhamba phansi.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, inani elanele lamaconsi lihlala ekushayeni, okungavumeli i-scion ukuba ingene esitokisini. Lesi isizathu sokungafaneleki kokuqedelwa kokuthengwa kwezinyanga ezinyangeni ezilandelayo:
- Janawari
- UFebhuwari.
Ukugonywa kwezihlahla zama-apula ehlobo
Kungcono ukusebenzisa inqubo yalolu hlobo entwasahlobo. Kepha uma kunesidingo, ungagoma futhi ehlobo. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukubona eminye imiqondo yale nqubo. Ukuthola ukuthi ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sama-apula ehlobo kungaba lula kakhulu. Izindlela ezilandelayo ziyatholakala:
- ebuhlungwini;
- ku-plunge;
- ibhuloho.
Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela
Ukuqanjwa kwesihlahla se-apula ngokuqhekeka ehlobo kuyinqubo elula. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa hhayi wedwa, kodwa nomsizi. Umuntu oyedwa uzokwenza iziqhekeza ezisesibeni sokugoma, owesibili uzofaka izihlahla ezisikiwe. Amasaha akhethekile kufanele enziwe kuqala, azokwenza lula inqubo yokuhlukanisa igatsha lezimpande libe izingxenye ezimbili. Imithetho kumele ibonwe:
- uma umuthi usemncane - ukusikwa kwegatsha kwenziwa kude kwe-40 cm ukusuka esiqwini;
- uma umuthi uneminyaka eminingi ubudala futhi amagatsha awo eminyene - ungawugawula kude ne-1 imitha ukusuka esiqwini.
Kepha endabeni yokugcina, ukushuba kwegatsha le-sawn akufanele kungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuxhunyelelwa egatsheni elilodwa lamathambo, izindwani ezimbili noma nangaphezulu zinganqunywa. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ibanga elithile phakathi kwabo. Uma umuthi usemncane, kepha kunesidingo sokutshala izithombo eziningana, kungakuhle ukusika emagatsheni ahlukene - futhi ngezinga elingakanani kusuka komunye nomunye.
Kubalulekile ukulungiselela i-var engadini ekhethekile ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Bazodinga ukugcoba isayithi elisikiwe ngemuva kokugoma.
Inqubo yokuxhunyelelwa ku-cleavage imi kanje:
- kubekwa ummese obukhali oqinile esikhundleni sesaha;
- ngesando noma elinye ithuluzi elifanayo, shaya isiphetho sebanga lommese;
- igatsha lizohlukana libe izingxenye ezimbili - kufanele uwahlukanise ezinhlangothini bese ufaka ukusika okulungiselelwe ngaphambili emseleni;
- kususwe ummese;
- isiza sokugoma sitshelwa nge-var engadini.
Uma kunesidingo, ungasebenzisa i-tepi kagesi ejwayelekile - uyilungisa ngosizo lwamagatsha ahlanganisiwe endaweni efanele. Lapho i-scion enamandla nokuqina kuqina ngokucindezelwa ndawonye, kuphakama amathuba okuthi umuthi wokugoma uphumelele.
Ukuxhunyelelwa
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwasehlobo kwezihlahla zama-apula ngokusika okuluhlaza kungenziwa hhayi ngokuqhekeka, kepha futhi kusiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- angular;
- okwalandela.
I-inoculation ekutholeni ngendlela ye-angular nayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ehlobo. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kanjena:
- Kuyadingeka ukukhetha igatsha elingaphezu kuka-2 cm ubukhulu ngegxolo elisekuncane;
- esithendeni esinommese omncane, obukhali, kufanele kwenziwe izikeyi ezimbili ezihambisanayo - ummese ubekwa buqamama-3 cm ukusuka emaphethelweni engela lika-30 (ukujula kufanele kube okungenani ama-6 mm);
- isibambo kufanele sifakwe ngokuqinile ku-incision futhi indawo ye-inoculation kufanele ichitheke nge-var engadini ekhethekile.
Ngokuzayo, indawo yokugoma iboshwe ngethayi kagesi futhi ivalwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki. Lokhu kuzokwandisa amathuba okuqanjwa, kanye nokuvikela indawo engavikelekile ngamagxolo ekuthelelekeni yiziphi izidalwa ze-pathogenic.
Ukugoma ekwakhiweni kwe-lateral ayihlukile kakhulu kunendlela echazwe ngenhla. Kwenziwa kanje:
- ngommese obukhali kufanele enze ukusikeka kwe-oblique ebangeni elingama-20 cm ukusuka kwisisekelo (eyodwa kufanele ibe ngu-1 cm ubude kunenye);
- isiqu esilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngomphetho ongenalutho sifakwa kokusikiwe futhi kuchithwa ngegadi var.
Kuyadingeka futhi ngemuva kokugoqwa kokugoqa indawo yayo ngensimbi yepulasitiki futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuyilungisa ngethayipi kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuxhunyelelwa kwezihlahla zama-apula ehlobo alunamkhawulo, kepha kungakuhle ukuthi ukwenze ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Njengoba izinto ezikhuthaza ukusungulwa okusheshayo ziqukethwe ngamanani amakhulu.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwebhuloho
Ukugonywa kwesihlahla sama-apula endle, imvamisa, kuyenziwa uma kuba nesidingo sokubuyisa amagxolo awonakele. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi ama-hares noma ezinye izilwane ziwunqande entwasahlobo bese umnikazi wazo athole umonakalo omkhulu esihlahleni sezithelo.
Inqubo yalolu hlobo kumele ibonwe ngesikhathi sokugeleza okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-sap. Iwa ngesikhathi sasehlobo nje. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwebhuloho kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- imiphetho yesilonda ebusweni besiqu sesihlahla kufanele sandiswe ukuze kubonakale izicubu ezinempilo;
- ngezansi nje nangaphezulu kwendawo elimele yenza ukusikeka okuhambisanayo kwegxolo;
- emikhawulweni yokusika okulungiselelwe ngaphambili, ukusikeka kwenziwa endizeni eyodwa;
- faka isiteki ngasinye kwesinye sezimpawu ezisegangeni;
- i-scion igoba ngendlela eyinqaba, ngemuva kwalokho ifakwe ngakolunye uhlangothi kwenye i-infision;
- isiza sokugoma sithululelwa nge-var var engadini, sisongwe ngetheyiphu nokugoqwa kwepulasitiki.
Inqubo yohlobo olucubungwayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngokwakho, udinga ukukhumbula ngama-nuances abalulekile (ukucubungula nezinhlobo zegadi, ukulungiswa kwendawo efanelekile). Kungcono ukuthi uzijwayeze nevidiyo yokuxhunyelelwa ihlobo kwezihlahla zama-apula ngokusika okuluhlaza ngaphambi kokuqalisa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukugwema ukufezeka kwamaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu abalimi abasebenza lo msebenzi kokuqala, futhi ungabi nesipiliyoni esanele. Ngomsebenzi, kufanelekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elibukhali kakhulu. Kukhona namadivayisi akhethekile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukugoma isihlahla kucindezela okuningi, kuba sengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqale uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izitshalo ezitheleleke ezifweni eziseduzane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umuthi ungafa nje.
