Izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali ezine-herbaceous (Erigeron), ezibizwa nangama-petals amancane, ziyilungu lomndeni we-asters. Ngokwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200-400, kanti ezingama-180 zazo zitholakala endle eNyakatho Melika. Izinhlobo ezithile zefrijini zitshalwa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Igama lale mbali livela kumagama amabili esiGrikhi, ahunyushwe ngokuthi "umuntu osemdala" nokuthi "zakuqala", iqiniso ngukuthi imbewu yeleppermerm encane ikhula ngokushesha futhi iba nombala onsundu.
Izici zamaphilisi amancane
I-Erigeron iyisitshalo se-herbaceous rhizome perennial, biennial, noma sonyaka; izihlahlana ezifanayo ngokubukeka kwama-aster zisetshenziswa nazo kule hlobo. Amahlumela amancane, anamahlamvu alula angafakwa kancane noma aqonde. Amapuleti amaqabunga ama-basal elongated-oblong ahlanganiswa abe yisokisi, ubude bawo buba amasentimitha angama-20, angaba angajulile noma aqine. Amabhasikidi angabekwa kumahlumela wodwa noma abe yingxenye ye-inflorescence ye-corymbose noma yokwesaba ukwakheka. Ukwakheka kwamabhasikidi kufaka imigqa engu-1-3 yomhlanga wesifunda nezimbali eziphakathi nendawo. Izimbali eziphakathi zinombala ophuzi, kuyilapho izimbali zomhlanga zipendiwe ngombala onsomi, omhlophe, onsomi, opinki, ophuzi noma onsomi. Izithelo ziyi-achene, ezingaba nqunu noma zibe mnyama kakhulu.
Ukufakwa ndawo kwe-Erigeron (amacembe amancane)
I-Egerone ingasakazwa ngokusika, imbewu nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo noma ngaphambi kobusika. Ezinye izinhlobo zinjenge-taut-, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuzikhulisa ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Kulokhu, ukutshala imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ngoMashi. Isitsha esibanzi kumele sigcwaliswe ngensimbi engaphansi yomquba. Imbewu isatshalaliswa kancane ngaphezu kwengxube yale nhlabathi ngaphandle kokujula, imane nje iwaxonsele emhlabathini. Isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngokuqinile ngefilimu noma ngengilazi. Isitsha sembewu kufanele sithuthelwe endaweni epholile okufanele ikhanyiswe kahle. Njengomthetho, izithombo zokuqala akufanele zivele ngaphambi kwamasonto amane. Izitshalo ezikhulayo kancane kancane ziqala ukukhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha.
Uma izitshalo zikhulu kakhulu, khona-ke ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zivele iqabunga langempela lesibili, kuzodingeka ukuthi zitshone. Izithombo zisazoba zincane kakhulu, kepha lokhu akufanele kukukhathaze. Esimweni lapho izithombo zingakhuli kakhulu, khona-ke azidingi ukhetho, ezinsukwini zokuqala zasehlobo zingatshalwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile. Izithombo akufanele zigcinwe zifudumele isikhathi eside. Lapho ikhula futhi iba namandla, kuzodingeka ukuthi umdlulisele e-veranda noma kwi-loggia.
Izitshalo ezinjalo zithanda ukukhanya kakhulu, kodwa futhi zingatshalwa ngomthunzi omncane oyingxenye. Inhlabathi yokulinyelwa ilungele cishe noma ngubani, kodwa-ke, ayinconywa ukuba ikhulise isiqandisi emhlabathini omanzi, ngoba ukukhula kwayo nokukhula kuleli cala kuzohamba kancane. Kungcono ukutshala indawo enamabala amahle enomhlabathi we-alkaline ongagcwele izakhi zomzimba.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe ngoJuni, kuyilapho izihlahla kufanele zisuswe ezitsheni zihlanganiswe nenqwaba yomhlaba. Ungakhohlwa ukugcina ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-25 kuya kwangama-30 phakathi kwamakhophi. Ama-petals amancane akhule ngendlela yembewu azoqala ukuqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Nakekela amatshe amancane
Kulula ukutshala i-petal encane futhi uyinakekele. Izimbali ezinjengalezi kufanele ziniselwe ngokulinganayo, emva kwalokho zikhulule ingaphezulu lomhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa ngasikhathi sinye ukhipha ukhula. Azidingi ukondliwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuthi isiqandisi siqhume isikhathi eside, futhi izimbali zaso zinokubukeka okumangalisa kakhulu, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-efiji, umondle ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali.
Lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, izingxenye zezinto ezihamba emoyeni ezihlahleni kufanele zinqunywe. Uma isiqandisi singu-perennial, khona-ke ezifundeni ezinobusika beqhwa kuzodinga ukumbozwa ngotshani obomile noma ngamahlamvu.
Uma isikhathi sasehlobo saphenduka imvula, khona-ke amahlahla amancane angathinteka ezifweni zokukhunta. Ngomcabango onegciwane, amabala amafomu ansundu anemibala ebusweni bamapuleti amaqabunga. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, amakati kufanele aphathwe ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux (1%), iphindwa amahlandla ama-3 noma amane, kanti isikhathi sokusebenza phakathi kwezinqubo kufanele sibe amasonto ayi-1.5. Futhi, izihlahla zingafafazwa ngomlotha wezinkuni. Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka kakhulu, khona-ke ingxenye yayo yomhlabathi inqunywa ngokuphelele futhi ibhujiswe, ngenkathi inhlabathi kufanele ichithwe nanoma yikuphi ukubulala isikhunta.
Njalo ngeminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4, isiqandisi, esiyi-perennial, kumele siphinde senziwe kabusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa isihlahla emhlabathini, uhlukanise sibe izingxenye futhi usitshale. Imbali enjalo ibekezelela inqubo yokuhlukanisa isihlahla kalula.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamaphalishi amancane anezithombe namagama
Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezifuywayo ezincane, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zazo kanye nzalo.
I-petle encane enhle (i-Erigeron speciosus = Stenactis speciosa)
Lolu hlobo ludumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ingahlangana ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zeNyakatho Melika. Isitshalo esinjalo saphakade sinomzimba omfushane ovundlile. Ukuphakama kwamahlamvu anamaqabunga aqhakaze ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.7, indawo yawo ingaqinile. Ukuma kwamapuleti eqabunga le-basal kuyinto eyingqayizivele, kanti iziqu zodwa zi-lanceolate. Amabhasikidi ayingxenye yezihlangu ezinkulu, afaka izimbali zomhlanga eziphuzi kanye nezimbali zomhlanga ze-lilac. Lolu hlobo luqhakaza ngoJulayi noma Agasti, ubude bezimbali cishe inyanga eyodwa. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1826. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- UVioletta. Izinhlobo ezixubile. Imibala yomhlanga izimbali onsomi.
- I-Wuppertal. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0,45. Ububanzi bobhasikidi bubalelwa ku-50-60 mm. Kunemigqa emi-3 yezimbali zomhlanga onsomi.
- Isikhangiso. Imibala yomhlanga izimbali ultramarine.
- Lilofee. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphindwe kabili. Umbala wezimbali onsomi omnyama.
- Umalume. Isihlahla sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-0.6. Ububanzi bobhasikidi abukho ngaphezu kwama-40 mm. Izimbali zomhlanga ekugcineni kwezimbali zishintsha umbala wazo omhlophe ube pinki.
- Rosa Triumph. Izinhlobo ezixubile. Umbala wezimbali zomhlanga upinki omnyama.
- Izihlahla Ezihlikihla. Izinhlobo ezixubile. Umbala wezimbali zomhlanga opinki.
- Rote Shengayt. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphindwe kabili. Izimbali zomhlanga zipendiwe zibomvu.
- Ukuchuma. Umbala wezimbali zomhlanga uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Karvinsky melkolepetel (Erigeron karvinskianus = Erigeron mucronatus)
Le nhlobo ivela eMelika Ephakathi, abalimi baqala ukuyilima hhayi kudala, ngakho-ke ayithandwa kakhulu kuze kube manje. Lapho evela khona, izitshalo ezinjalo zithathwa njengotshani obunzima. Isihlahla sakhe sihlangene impela futhi asidluli amasentimitha ayi-15 ukuphakama. Uma ifiswa, ingatshalwa kubhasikidi, esitsheni noma kwesinye isakhiwo esilengelayo. Uma ukhula isiqandisi esinjalo emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke ububanzi besihlahla bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.6. Eziqongweni zamahlumela amancane aqhakaze ngasikhathi sonke sasehlobo, obhasikidi bakhula ngaphandle kufana ne-daisies encane epinki. Amabhasikidi aguqula umbala wawo abe mhlophe, bese ephinda upenda ngombala ogcwele obomvu.
I-Erigeron orange (i-Erigeron aurantiacus)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo itholakala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina naseCentral Asia. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela ku-0,3-0.4 m, futhi ububanzi bawo abudluli kumamitha ayi-0.5. Kumahlumela aqondile kukhona amapuleti amaqabunga e-oblong-oval. Ububanzi be-single inflorescences-basiketi cishe ngamamitha angama-30, bafaka umhlanga osawolintshi nezimbali eziphuzi ze-tubular. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1879.
I-Algeron alpine (Erigeron alpinus = Erigeron schleicheri)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.3; ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le mbali iyatholakala eCentral naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanye nase-Asia Minor. Lesi sisetshenziswa sivele sinezimpande eziqondile ezinendawo eqinile. Ukuma kwamapuleti eqabunga le-basal kuyinto ulayini-lanceolate, kuyilapho kukhulunywa ngezinto eziyigugu ezingatheni. Ububanzi be-inflorescence eyodwa yamabhasikidi ahlukahluka ukusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-35 mm, afaka umhlanga opinki-onsomi nezimbali ze-tubular eziphuzi. Iqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, isikhathi sokuqhakaza cishe amasonto ayi-6. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1759.
I-Caustic encane-celed (Erigeron acris), noma i-acute encane-celt
Le nhlobo eguqukayo iyi-biennial, inenombolo enkulu yamafomu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0,06 kuya ku-0,75 m. Njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sinohlumela olu-1 oluqondile, olunamahlamvu, ebusweni lapho kukhona khona i-pubescence, lupendwe ngombala onsomi noma luhlaza. Umbala wamaqabunga aluhlaza uluhlaza okotshani, kuyaqabukela kungabonakali ebusweni babo. Obhasikidi bayingxenye yama-inflorescence abunjwe nge-panicle, umbala wezimbali ze-tubular uphuzi, kanti umhlanga ngopinki.
I-pettylepea yonyaka (i-Erigeron annuus), noma i-petroshire yonyaka
Le nhlobo iyahlaseleka, yafika emazweni aseYurophu ivela eNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-1.5 m. Ukudubula okuqondile kumbozwe ngamabhulashi angabonakali, kuthi ngamagatsha phezulu. Umbala wamahlamvu anamaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza. Kunenqwaba yamabhasikidi ayingxenye ye-corymbose noma i-panicrate inflorescences, efinyelela kububanzi bamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Ukwenziwa kwamabhasikidi kufaka phakathi i-tubular aphuzi nemigqa emi-2 yezimbali ezimhlophe-ezingisi ezimhlophe noma eziluhlaza okotshani. Lolu hlobo okwamanje alukhuliwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Emasimini, ikhona kuphela njengokhula.
I-Canadian encane (i-Erigeron canadensis)
Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke asinakubukeka kokuhlobisa, kepha sisetshenziswa komunye umuthi, ngoba singamisa ukopha kwesibeletho. Amabhasikidi amancane aqukethe izimbali ezinombala ophuzi we-tubular kanye nezimbali ezimhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo, izitshalo ezinjengesimbali esisodwa, ezinqunu, ezilengayo, enyakatho, ezinde kanye nezindebe ezinoboya nazo ziyatshalwa. Kepha yingxenye yabo kuphela ebukeka njengokuhlobisa.
