Ukubekwa kwezithelo nengadi ye-berry

Ukuhlelwa kwengadi yezithelo nejikijolo kungumsebenzi obhekele, isixazululo sawo esikhathini esizayo sizonikeza umndeni izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlela isiza osidingayo (njengoba besho) ukushesha kancane.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Lapho uhlela umhlaba, kubalulekile ukwaba indawo enelanga evulekile enamazinga aphakeme omhlaba engadini. Awungeke ubeke ingadi emathafeni aphansi, lapho imifudlana ebandayo yomoya namanzi izowela ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle komhlaba owabelwe ingadi, thola bese ubhala phansi kudayari yakho uhlu lomsebenzi wokulungiselela.

Ukuhlelwa kwengadi. © izinkuni ezingadini yezithelo

Hlanza indawo yeziqu ezindala, izihlahlana zasendle, amatshe nokunye okulahlwa phansi.
Lima ngokujulile indawo noma bambe ngokuphuma kwemali yokugcina.
Amanzi okuvusa ukhula amahlumela. Kuzithombo, yenza isivuno esijulile bese ukala indawo.
Ngokuhambisana, nikeza inhlabathi elabhorethri eseduze yamakhemikhali ukuthola isimo somzimba nohlobo lomhlabathi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekunakekelweni kwengadi okwalandela: ukuthambisa, ukunisela, kanye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa (ngokuya ngezincomo), engeza imithamo yokuncoma yomanyolo nezinye izinto zokwakha kabusha ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokugcina ekwindla. Ngaphandle kwemininingwane enjalo, akunakwenzeka ukufaka umanyolo esizeni. Kungcono ukwethula umanyolo nezinye izakhi ngqo emgodini wokutshala (umanyolo wamaminerali, i-humus noma i-vermicompost, ulamula oshelelayo, imikhiqizo ye-biological evela ezilwaneni nasezifo).

Ukwahlula phakathi kokuhlela kwengadi nokutshala ama-berry

Eshidi elihlukile ledayari yensimu, uhlele ukwakheka kwengadi. Ingadi ingabekwa phambi kwendlu, eceleni noma ngemuva, kepha izihlahla nezihlahla kufanele zithathwe kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu ukuze zikhanyiselwe kangcono futhi zibe nezindawo ezintathu. Zingabekwa ngokulandelana kwazo noma zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukile ezitholakala emikhawulweni ehlukene yendawo yonke yekhaya.

Uma ukwahlulela kuhlanganisiwe, khona-ke endaweni yokuqala kubekwa ingadi, izitshalo zazo ezingeke zicashele amasiko endawo yesibili, kuthi ekuseni zithole isabelo sazo selanga.
Esigabeni sesibili, kungcono ukuhlela ama-berry. Ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Umthunzi wasekuseni ovela ezihlahleni ngeke uzilimaze izitshalo zendawo yesithathu.
Ku-zone yesithathu, ingadi yezithelo uqobo izotshalwa. Kusuka komakhelwane, kufanele kube kude le-2,5-3.0 m, ukuze kungabonakali indawo yabo.

Emakhasini edayari yengadi, bhala amagama nencazelo emfushane yezitshalo nezithelo ezingama-berry, bese umdwebo ukhombisa indawo akuyo endaweni yesakhiwo ngaphansi kwezinombolo.

Hlela ingadi yakho yesikhathi esizayo ukuze izitshalo zingaphazamisani futhi zingavimbi ukukhanya. © ukunqampuna

Isakhiwo se-Berry

Lapho wephula i-berry kumdwebo, masinyane cabanga ngemvelo yezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-blackcurrant ikhula buthule izungezwe abanye omakhelwane, kepha ulwandle i-sea buckthorn ne-viburnum alusebenzi neze nomakhelwane. Ngakho-ke, batshalwe ngokuhlukile. I-sea buckthorn ingasetjenziswa njengothango oluhlaza okotshani, kanye ne-viburnum, i-hawthorn - emhlobisweni womhlaba wekona lokuphumula. E-solitaire landings of utshani ovuthiwe, abukeka emuhle.

Abanye abanikazi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuvamile kungcono ukubeka ama-berry bush eceleni kwemingcele yesakhiwo. Kulokhu, ingxenye yezwe idedelwa amanye amasiko noma izindawo (ukuzijabulisa, ezemidlalo, njll.). Ukuhlela okunjalo kufanelekile uma isiza singabiyelwe ngothango oluhlaza okotshani noma ngamabhishi ehlane ngokwabo bengasebenza le njongo njengezimpawu zabo (prickly, dense, njll).

Ubuningi bokutshala amajikijolo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto isilawuli semvelo sokukhula kahle kwezitshalo, ukumelana kwazo nezifo kanye nokwakheka kwezilimo.

Ama-raspberry atshalwe ngemigqa eqinile, ngemuva kwe-0.5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye namamitha ayi-1,0-1,5 phakathi kwemigqa. Ukukhula, ama-raspberries angena emzileni, izindlela zangaphambili zikhululwa kuma-raspberries futhi ziba izindlela zesikhashana. Ngokulungisa ukwanda, isiko liyaguqulwa, libuyele emuva kweminyaka engama-2-4 endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni.
Ama-Ioshta, amnyama kanye nama-currant egolide atshalwe kude phakathi kwezihlahla okungenani ze-1.5 m, abomvu ngokusebenzisa imitha. Izihlahla ezinkulu zizosibekela ubunye, izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zama-gooseberries futhi zikhawulele ngokuphelele ukufinyelela amajikijolo. Lapho usebenzisa uthango oluhlaza, i-honeysuckle ne-irgu zitshalwa ngamamitha ayi-1,0-1,5 (futhi ngisho ne-denser), nakumajikijolo amabanga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.

Ukutshala ama-berry bush. © Thomas Generazio

Inani lamabhishi ahlabayo ahlukahlukene lubaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga futhi uhlele kusengaphambili ubungako bezinhlobo ngayinye nezinhlobonhlobo ukuze unikeze umndeni wakho amajikijolo amasha futhi ulungiselele ubusika. Emndenini wabantu abangu-4-5 kuzoba nama-raspberries anele amahlahla angama-20, izihlahla ezi-3-4 zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-currants nama-gooseberries, ioshta, iraghi kanye ne-honeysuckle. Shiya enye indawo mahhala yama-newbies exotic azobonakala emkhakheni wakho wokubuka isikhathi. Amajikijolo ahlelwe kahle akhula ngokujwayelekile futhi athela izithelo kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-7 kuya kwe-12, bese kancane kancane evuselela noma ehlathini adluliselwe kwenye indawo.

Ukwephulwa kwengadi

Ekhasini elilandelayo lamahhala ledayari yensimu, dweba uhlaka lwezilimo zezithelo. Ngokwendalo yabela amamitha-skwele ama-4 kusiko ngalinye. m yendawo ephelele ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa. Musa ukuqina kokufika. Izihlahla zizokhula bese ziqala ukuphazamisa, noma zize zicindezelane. Ukutshala imigodi kufanele kube ngokulandelanayo ebangeni le-4.0-4,5 m. Shiya imigwaqo engaba ngu-2,5-3.0 m. Naka izinhlobo zezilimo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla iningi lamapulazi liguqukela kuhlobo lwamakholomu olwakhiwe njengamapulangwe nezihlahla zamapheya - izitshalo zasengadini eziyinhloko endlini yezwe. Ngokuya ngomkhuba, lezi zinhlobo zincanyana kakhulu, futhi izinhlobo zezitshalo cishe zilingana nezilimo ezinde. Amafomu weColoniform kulula ukuwanakekela, amelana nezifo, alimala kancane yiqhwa.

Ngomndeni ojwayelekile, izihlahla ezi-1-2 zohlobo ngalunye zanele. Engadini, izinhlobo zakuqala, eziphakathi nesikhathi sekwephuzile kumele zibe khona ukuze zibe nezithelo ezintsha kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele futhi zisalungisa ezizosetshenziselwa ubusika. Ukusuka ezitshalweni zasengadini, kwanele ukuba nama-cherries ama-2 (ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesikhathi). Esikhundleni sama-cherries aphakathi, tshala ama-2 cherries. Bakha isivuno ngemuva kwe-cherry yokuqala. Udinga i-quince eyi-1 (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungatshala enye inhlobo noma ezinye izinhlobo kuyo), amaplamu angama-2-3, kufaka phakathi i-marabel eyodwa. Ama-apricots angu-1-2 ezinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa anele. Izihlahla ezingama-2-3 ze-apula, ezihamba isikhathi ngokugoma zingaphendulwa izinhlobo ezingama-6-8 zezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa. Ungakhohlwa ukushiya indawo yama-exotic. Ama-Walnut kumele atshalwe ngokuhlukile. Cishe akukho okukhula ngaphansi komqhele walesi siko. Uma umthanda i-hazel, thatha umugqa wokuqala ukuze izihlahla ezinde zingamncishi ilanga ngesithunzi sazo. Izihlahla zezithelo eziyi-11-12 ekugcineni ziphenduka izinhlobo ezingama-18-20 zazo zonke izinhlobo.

Ukuze ingadi isebenze isikhathi eside futhi ingaguli, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezigadiwe. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nezifo, izinambuzane, izinguquko zesimo sezulu, ukuthela izithelo isikhathi eside. Ungajwayelana nezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesifunda sakho, kuze kufinyelele esifundeni, kanye nezimpawu zazo kumakhathalogi nezinye izincwadi. Lapho uthenga izithombo, qiniseka ukuthi uthinta ochwepheshe. Khumbula! Ingadi, ebekwe izithombo ezisezingeni eliphansi, izongeza umsebenzi nokunakekelwa, kepha ngeke ijabulise isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokutshala ingadi

Hola ingadi ekwindla, okungukuthi, bambe imigodi yokutshala ngokohlelo lwakho, lungiselela eduze kwengxube yomanyolo ngayinye edingekayo kwisimo senhlabathi.

Ukulungiselela umgodi

Ekwindla, uzokwazi ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala osayizi olinganiselwe kuphela, ngoba uhlobo lokugcina luzonqunywa ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande, oluncike eminyakeni yobudala besithombo esithengiwe. Ubungako bokuqala bomgodi wokutshala bucishe bube ngu-60x60 kwizithombo ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala, ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-3 zingandiswa zibe ngama-70x80 cm bese ziqedwa lapho ukutshala isithombo emgodini.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Eduzane nomgodi ngamunye, hlanganisa ingaphezulu ne-humus, peat. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, engeza ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni notshwala owugqinsiwe no-200 g we-nitrofoska kule ngxube. Hlanganisa kahle.

Izithombo zezhlahla zezihlahla nezithelo zomjikijolo zithengwa kangcono kubatshali abathembekile. © mainetoday

Ukuthengwa nokulungiswa kwezithombo

Ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izithombo ziyoqiniswa, uhlelo lwempande luzoqiniswa. Umuthi omncane ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-sasehlobo-ekwindla ufinyelela endaweni entsha.

Thatha isikhathi sakho ukuthenga izithombo kusuka kubathengisi abathile abangajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni eholela ekotishi. Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo emapulazini azibandakanye kulimo wazo noma ezinkulisa. Kukhona ukuzethemba okwengeziwe ukuthi uzothola izinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo zoned engadini noma berry isitshalo okudingayo.

Hlola ngokucophelela isithombo esisetshenzisiwe. Uma uthola izimpande ezomile, isiqu esigwegwile, imifantu ku-bark noma amaconsi e-gum, yenqaba ukuthengwa. Khumbula! Azikho iziqinisekiso ezivela kumthengisi ezizobuyisa isikhathi esilahlekile.

Imithetho yokutshala izithombo

Cwilisa izithombo isiphunzi noma enye into ekhuthaza ukukhula ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala. Lungisa isitsha se-mash yobumba ngokufakwa kwezimpande, i-planris noma i-phytosporin. Amanye ama-biofungicides afaneleke ukuxubana kwamathangi angasetshenziswa.

Cishe amasonto ayi-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, uthele ingxenye yengxube yenhlabathi ngesigaxa emgodini. Kuleli sonto, isigaxa siyozinza, kanti isithombo esitshaliwe siyofakwa kahle emgodini. Faka isithombo esilungiselelwe endaweni yokubeka, usifaka emgodini, usakaze impande eduze kwesigaxa ukuze kungabikho ukwanda ngaphezulu, bese usibekela 2/3 womgodi ngengxube yenhlabathi. Thela ibhakede lamanzi. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, amboze yonke ingxube yenhlabathi noma yenhlabathi. Shayela isigxobo bese ubopha isithombo ngesilinganiso sesishiyagalombili ukwesekwa. Isithombo esingavikelekile, esidonsa ngaphansi komoya, sizosusa izimpande ezincane ezinikeza ukuxhumana kwesitshalo nenhlabathi.

Ama-nuances abalulekile wokufika

Lapho utshala, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ukujula okuyikho kwentamo yezimpande. Lapho igxilile, isihlahla singoma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5- 10 (ikakhulukazi emhlabathini osindayo). Emhlabathini onesihlabathi esimanzi (ikakhulukazi eningizimu), kungcono ukujulisa intamo yezimpande ngandlela thize enhlabathini (8-10 cm), "uyifihle" kusuka engxenyeni yokoma ephezulu. Ezitshalweni ezakha izimpande ezingaphansi noma amahlumela (amakhiwane, ama-currants, amaplamu, izihlahla zama-apula), ukujula akuphazamisi ukukhula okuvamile kwesihlahla. Izithombo zalezi zilimo zakha masinyane uhlelo lwezimpande, imvamisa emhlabathini ongamanzi onganele.

Ezitshalweni zomdabu ezinezimpande, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibekwe ezingeni lomgodi wokutshala noma 2-3 cm ngaphezulu (kungabe kusaba khona). Ezitshalweni ezihlanganisiwe, isiza sokuxhunyelelwa sitholakala ku-4-8 cm ngaphezu kwentamo yezimpande. Abalimi beNovice bavame ukudidanisa ikhola yezimpande kanye nomuthi wokugoma futhi bajulise ukutshala kuya endaweni yokugoma. Kulokhu, intamo yezimpande ingcwatshwe ngokujulile enhlabathini futhi isihlahla sifa ngokushesha.

Uma ukhombe kahle intamo yezimpande futhi utshale isithombo ukuze ikhule ngo-4-5 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, khona-ke isihlahla sesitshalwe ngokufanele. Sihlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze ukutshala. Kude kude nesiqu esinendawo engaba ngu-30-50 cm, senza i-roller 5-7 cm ukuphakama bese sithela amanye amabhakede amanzi angama-2-3. Ngokubambisana namanzi acwengekile, isithombo sizodonswa futhi singene emhlabathini. Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo yezimpande ihlala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi engu-2-3 cm. Uma kunesidingo, engeza inhlabathi ngemuva kokuphuza kanye nesichibi ngoqwembe oluncane lwe-mulch encane (peat noma humus, sawdust). Uma uthenge izithombo bukhoma, ukutshala kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, emavikini angama-2-3 ingadi yakho izoba luhlaza ngamahlamvu amasha.

Ungayinquma kanjani intamo yezimpande

Ku-seedling encane, sula phansi kwesiqu kanye nesiqalo sesimpande kahle ngensangu emanzi. Intamo yempande ichazwa njengokushintsha kombala oluhlaza okotshani (isiqu) kuye ukukhanya okukhanyayo (indawo ezimpande).
Ezitshalweni zabantu abadala asebekhulile (abaneminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala), sihlikihla ingxenye engezansi yesiqu ngensangu emanzi bese kuthi lapho sesomile indawo emanzi, sikhiphe ngokucophelela amagxolo ngokusebenzisa ummese endaweni yokwelulwa okungabonakali kwesiqu saso ezimpandeni. Uma umbala osikiwe ungqimba omncane we-subcortical uluhlaza endaweni yokunwebeka, khona-ke lesi isiqu, futhi uma siphuzi, lapho-ke kuyimpande. Indawo yokushintshwa kombala owodwa iye komunye yintamo yezimpande.
Kwezinye izithombo, indawo yokusuka esiqwini sezimpande ezingemuva kakhulu ibonakala kahle. Le ntamo yezimpande. Umsuka wezimpande kufanele uhlale ngaphezu kwezinga lomgodi wokufika.

Yini engenziwa uma utshala izithombo

Lapho utshala, awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo obolile, kuphela i-humus exutshwe nenhlabathi.
Awukwazi kaningi ukunisela izithombo ngezindlela ezincane zamanzi. Bafaka kuphela inhlabathi emgodini wokutshala.
Awukwazi ukunisela izithombo ngamanzi abandayo (kusuka ku-artesian).
Akunakwenzeka ukufaka umanyolo wezitshalo, futhi ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-nitrogen, ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala.
Ngemuva kokutshala, akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa iziyingi zembozo ngesendlalelo esikhulu se-mulch. Uma kwenzeka kune izimvula ezinde, amanzi aqoqiwe ku-mulch azobangela ukuba amagxolo amancane abune futhi nesitshalo sife. Kusetshenziswa ungqimba obanzi lomlotha ekwindla, oluzovikela inhlabathi ekuqandeni nasekufeni kwezithombo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Odinga ukukwenza lapho utshala izithombo

Zicwengele izithombo ezincane ngekhambi lokulinganisa ngobumba ngokufakwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni noma isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Faka isitaki ngezendlalelo eziningana zokugqekeza, i-lutrasil, i-spandbond, iphepha nezinye izinto.
Ukuvikela isiqu kusuka kunogwaja nakwezinye izinduku ngenetha noma nge-lapnik, ukumba lokhu kamuva enhlabathini ngo-5-10 cm.
Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa elikhudlwana ngokwanele, nyathela iqhwa elizungeze isiqu, okuzovikela lona ekulimaleni ngamagundane.