I-velvet yehlathi

Khumbula izindaba zomhambi ongakhathali u-Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev mayelana nokubabaza okuhle nokubabazekayo kwe-Ussuri Territory? Ngokuceba okuhle, manje bayamangaza abaphenyi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingandile zezihlahla, izihlahlana, imivini ongeke uzibone emahlathini emvelo yanoma iyiphi enye indawo yomhlaba. I-oak yaseMongolia kanye nomvini wama-Chinese we-magnolia, i-Manchurian walnut ne-Ussuri pearl, i-magnolia ne-aralia.

Enye yezitshalo zomdabu zaseMpumalanga Ekude yikhokho, noma isihlahla se-velvet. Ngosuku olushisa kakhulu ehlobo, amagxolo aluhlaza okotshani wesiqu sawo namagatsha aqhakaza anomqhele oluhlaza okotshani we-emerald abonakala kahle ngemuva kwesizinda esiluhlaza esimnyama se-Far Eastern taiga. Umuthi we-velvet muhle ngokwengeziwe ekwindla, ngengubo yegolide, ngakho-ke kuhambisana namaqembu amajikijolo amnyama athambile. Ngisho nasebusika, amacembe aqothulayo, lesi sihlahla sidonsela ukunaka ngamagatsha aso okuqala kanye namagxolo e-cork abolile.

I-Amur Velvet, noma Isihlahla se-Amur Cork (Phellodendron amurense)

Indawo engaphezulu yeziqu zalesi sihlahla ingaqashelwa ngokunembile noma ngokuthinta. Umuthi we-velvet, noma i-velvet, wanikezwa umuthi ngabahlali bokuqala baseRussia. AmaBotanists ayibiza nge-Amur velvet. Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezindala kakhulu zezimbali zaseFar East, izimbali eziqala nge-preglacial Tertiary. I-Amur velvet iyisikhumbuzo esiphilayo samahlathi angaphansi komhlaba asimboze yonke iYurophu, iSiberia ne-East Asia ngalezozinsuku. Akuzenzekeli ukuthi uyisihlobo esiseduze sezilimo zikawolintshi (owolintshi, ulamula, umandarin) futhi ungowomndeni owodwa wezimpande. Zingaphezu kwe-10 ezinye izinhlobo ze-velvet ezikhula eJapan, eSakhalin, eTaiwan naseCentral China, kepha zonke zingaphansi komlingani we-Amur ngekhwalithi yokhonkolo lwegxolo. Ezinye izinhlobo azinalo ungqimba lukakhokho nakancane noma zinencanyana kakhulu futhi zisezingeni elibi kakhulu, kanti e-Amur velvet ikhula ibe amasentimitha ayi-6.

I-Amur velvet yahlala emahlathini aseMpumalanga Ekude ikakhulukazi ezigodini zemifula nasezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-32 ngesilinganiso sedayidi efinyelela kumamitha. Lesi sihlahla sivame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-150-200, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka engaphezulu kuka-300.

Entwasahlobo, lapho yonke i-taiga isivele iluhlaza, i-velvet ayivuli amaqabunga isikhashana. Zivele cishe inyanga kamuva kunezinye izihlahla. AmaBotanists abheka lolu hlobo lokuvuselela imali uma kwenzeka sekwephuze ukufika kwentwasahlobo. Kepha ijubane lokuqhakaza kwezimbali kube sengathi liyabamba. Ukuqala ukuqhakaza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga, kuyaphela ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10.

I-Amur Velvet, noma Isihlahla se-Amur Cork (Phellodendron amurense)

Lesi sikhathi kubukeka sengathi silindele izigidi zezinyosi. Izimbali ezithwele uju lwe-Amur velvet phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude ziyindawo yesibili kuma-linden amaManchurian ekuthweni kwezinyosi. Kuliqiniso, ukufumbathiswa kusuka ku-velvet ngaphambili, ngoba kuqhuma emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwama-linden. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kusuka kumqhele we-velvet, kuzwakala imbuzane ecekethekile yezinyosi, iqoqe ngenkuthalo hhayi umpe kuphela, kodwa futhi nempova. Umndeni ngamunye wezinyosi uvuna amakhilogremu afinyelela ku-8-12, futhi esimweni sezulu esihle iqoqo lansuku zonke lifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili. Uju oluqoqwe kusuka kuzimbali ze-Amur velvet lunombala ogqamile ophundile nokunambitheka kanye nephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Kwatholakala ukuthi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-23 yokugcina, loluju alukhombisi zimpawu zokuthi ikristali. Igcina ngokuphelele isikhathi eside kangaka nokunambitheka okumangazayo kanye nokuphulukisa kwezakhiwo. Ukwelapha ikakhulukazi isifo sofuba.

Izithelo zeVelvet zivuthwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla bese zilenga ngamaqoqo amnyama amnyama kuze kube kuqala ubusika. Amabhola abo amnyama acwebezelayo aqukethe imbewu yesihlanu yembewu, okuyindlela yokwelapha ama-woodpeckers asempunga, izibungu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezikhumba ezimnyama.

I-Amur Velvet, noma Isihlahla se-Amur Cork (Phellodendron amurense)

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izakhamizi zakule ndawo bezazi ngokuphulukisa kwezakhiwo, amaqabunga nezithelo zalo muthi omangalisayo. Izinkuni zeVelvet zenanelwe kakhulu, zibonakala ngephethini yazo ehlukile nombala onsundu omnyama. Inamandla, ilula, i-low-hygroscopic. Kepha "intela" eyinhloko abantu abayikhokhisa ku-grey girey traffic traffic. Ngendlela, i-Amur velvet iyona kuphela ephethe i-cork yasekhaya efanelekayo yezimboni ze-cork yezimboni.

Isiqu kanye namagatsha amakhulu e-velvet azungezwe ungqimba obanzi wekholoni we-elastic, ongalingani phakathi kwezinye izinto. Lesi yisimangaliso sangempela semvelo: phela, i-cork ayikuvumeli ukuthi kuphume uketshezi olonakalisayo kanye namagesi ashubile, awuthinti iphunga, ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo ehlangana nakho. Inokushisa okuphezulu, okuzwakalayo nokufakelwa ngogesi, akushintshi ngaphansi kwethonya lamakhemikhali (acid, alkalis, alcohols).

Cishe 90 yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kakhulu eyenziwe ngokhokho. Ngisho nezindunduma nothuli lwe-cork ziqoqwa ngokucophelela futhi zisetshenziswe ekwenziweni kwe-linoleum, isixhumanisi sokuxhumanisa nezinye izinto zokwakha nokuqeda.

I-Amur Velvet, noma Isihlahla se-Amur Cork (Phellodendron amurense)

Kusemqoka ukuthi ochwepheshe baseSoviet bavule le khomputha yokuhlola yasekhaya enikela kakhulu. Uhulumeni we-tsarist akazange asole ngisho nesihlahla esicebile kangako samahlathi aseMpumalanga Ekude futhi angenisa ukhokho phesheya kwezilwandle. Abaphenyi bethu benzile okuningi ukutadisha i-biology ye-Amur velvet kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvuna ukhokho. Ehlobo lika-1933, kwalungiswa i-batch yokuqala (amathani angama-90) egxolo likakhokho emahlathini aseMpumalanga Ekude. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, ukuthengwa kwempahla bekukhula ngokuqhubekayo unyaka nonyaka. Ngokuhambisana, ukuhlolwa okubanzi nokwenziwa kabusha kwe-Amur velvet engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR kuyenziwa. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo sikhule kuphela ezingadini ze-botanical kanye nase-arboretums, khona-ke kancane kancane zaqala ukungeniswa ekutshaleni kwamahlathi nokusebenza kwezimboni kwamahlathi.

I-acclimatization ehleliwe, ekhulelwe kabanzi ye-Amur velvet ihlala iminyaka engama-30. Isihlahla sikakhokho manje sesingatholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu zokutshala amahlathi amasha eBaltic States, Belarus, Ukraine naseCaucasus. E-Ukraine kuphela, i-Amur velvet itshalwe kumahektare angaphezu kuka-5000; enyakatho engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR, isiko layo lifinyelela kububanzi beMoscow naseLeningrad. Ukutshala okusha unyaka nonyaka kunikeza ngokwanda kwezezimboni traffic jam.

I-Amur Velvet, noma Isihlahla se-Amur Cork (Phellodendron amurense)

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ungqimba lwe-cork lungasuswa vele esihlahleni esineminyaka engu-18 ubudala, futhi umuthi onempilo oneminyaka engama-25 unika ikhilogremu yekhokho eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesivuno sokuqala, umuthi uvame ukuhlinzekelwa ukuphumula iminyaka eyi-10-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungqimba wesikhokho ukhishwe ngokuphelele.

Ezigidini zeminyaka, i-Amur velvet ithathe izindawo ezintsha noma ishiye ezindala, ilalela kuphela umdlalo oyisisekelo wemvelo, manje ikusasa lakhona nekusasa kunqunywa umcabango nentando yabantu baseSoviet.