Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-Gliokladina, ukubuyekezwa kwabathengi

Umgcini wegadi ngamunye ukhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi uvune isivuno esihle semifino nezithelo endaweni yabo. Ezimweni zesimanje, lokhu kunzima ukukwenza ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Enye yazo izifo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta izitshalo. Manje kunokukhethwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo yemvelo yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuhlala kukwenza isinqumo esifanele. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi, namuhla izindlela ezintsha ziyaziwa - Gliokladin, Alirin B, Gamair. Yimiphi le mithi nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle ukuvikela izitshalo?

Umkhiqizo wemvelo Gliokladin

Izitshalo nazo ziyadinga ekuvikeleni izilokazane nezifo. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Izidakamizwa zeqembu le-fungic zisebenza njengesivikelo esihle ezitshalweni. Kwenziwe i-Glyokladin ngokususelwa fungus yenhlabathi ewusizo, isikhunta senhlabathi semvelo. Ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-basal kanye ne-rot rot. Umuthi uphephile ngokuphelele ezitshalweni nasekulweleni okungenampilo ngokumelene nokubola kwezimpande.

IGlyokladin ihloselwe ukubulala amagciwane enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo uma utshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinzuzo eziphambili zomuthi yilezi:

• ukubuyiselwa kwe-microflora yenhlabathi;
• inzuzo ekusetshenzisweni;
• ukuphepha okusetshenziswayo;
• ukuthola imikhiqizo ehlanzekile ngemuva kokusebenzisa umuthi;
• umsebenzi ophakeme ovimba ukukhula kwesikhunta se-pathogenic.

Ukuthola umphumela osebenza kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo, kunconywa ukuthi uwusebenzise neminye imikhiqizo - i-Alirin B neGamair.

Izidakamizwa kubhekisa ku-hazard class 4Ngakho-ke, akuyona ingozi kubantu nakwimvelo. Ingasetshenziswa eduze kwamachibi namachibi. Umuthi osetshenzisiwe ulula kakhulu. Ithebhulethi yomkhiqizo ayincibilikanga emanzini noma ngosizo lwe-dispenser, ifakwa kumthamo wenhlabathi oyifunayo ngokujula kuka-1 cm. Inani lokusetshenziswa liboniswa etafuleni kwiphakheji yomkhiqizo. Impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo iyiminyaka engu-1.5 kusukela ngosuku lokwenziwa kwalo.

U-Alirin B: Imiyalo esetshenzisiwe

Lo mkhiqizo we-biological wenzelwe ukucindezela amagciwane of izifo fungal. Ukulungiselela kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwi-bacterium yemvelo evimbela izifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo:

• i-powdery isikhutha
• umlenze omnyama;
• ukubola okungwevu;
• ukulinyazwa sekwephuzile;
• ukubola kwezimpande;
• i-rhizoctonia;
• i-ascochitosis;
• ukugqwala;
• tracheomycotic wilt.

I-Alirin B iyindlela yezenzo zokuxhumana futhi inika umphumela omuhle wokwelapha. Amagciwane wemvelo ngesisekelo lapho umuthi wenziwa khona uvimbela ukukhula kwe-pseudo-fungi, inqwaba yesikhunta ne-mycelium. Izinzuzo zaleli thuluzi yilezi:

• umphumela omuhle ngemuva kohlelo lokuqala;
• ukubuyiselwa kwe-microflora yenhlabathi enenzuzo;
• isicelo sokutshala imbewu, ukutshala izithombo nokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile;
• ukucubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala;
• ukuchelela izitshalo ngaphansi kwesihlahla.

Uma usebenzisa umkhiqizo uhlanganiswa neGlyokladin, iGamair, lokhu kuzonikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo ezitshalweni kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu ukuvuna. Izidakamizwa zisebenza kahle ngokuphelele.

Ngokusebenza kwezitshalo, umuthi ulungiswa ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele uzijwayeze netafula lamanani wokusetshenziswa kwephakeji. Lapho usetshenziswa kahle, umkhiqizo usiza ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ngo-20-30% futhi wehlise izinga ezinqwabelene ezithelo nitrate ngo-25-40%.

Ukucubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane, amaphilisi we-Alirin B ancibilikiswa ku-200-300 g wamanzi afudumele futhi axutshwe kahle ukuze ancibilike ngokuphelele. Yenza lokhu esitsheni esingadli ukudla. Isixazululo esivele sikhona sithululelwa ku-sprayer futhi kufanele sisetshenziswe kungakapheli amahora angama-24.

Uma usebenzisa umuthi izitshalo ezinezitshalo ezishayo, khona-ke inani elifanele lamathebulethi liyachithwa elincane lamanzi, emva kwalokho isixazululo sihanjiswa ngenani elifanele loketshezi. Isisombululo singasetshenziswa ku-sprayer ekwelapheni izitshalo noma ekuniseleni. Sebenzisa isixazululo esenziwe ngomumo kungakapheli usuku olungu-1.

Isidakamizwa Gamair

IGamair yokulungiselela i-biological yadalelwa ukucindezela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta enhlabathini nasezitshalweni. Uma isetshenziswa, ayiqoqeki emhlabathini nasezitshalweni, isebenza ngokukhetha kumabhakithiliya kanye nesikhunta se-pathogenic. Iphephile kubantu, izilwane nezinhlanzi. Isigaba esisebenzayo sihlala izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa komuthi. Inomphumela wokukhulisa nokukhulisa ukuzivikela komzimba kwizitshalo.

Ngokwokubuyekezwa kwabantu abasebenzisa i-Gamair, umuthi muhle Ukuvikelwa ezifweni eziningi:

• umlenze omnyama;
• ukulinyazwa sekwephuzile;
• ukubona amabala;
• isibazi;
• umdlavuza wamagciwane;
• bacteriosis ye-vascular and mucous;
• i-moniliosis;
• isimo sethathu.

Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umuthi ngesikhathi semifino yezitshalo. Isivuno sizoba nobungani bemvelo, ngoba okungeyona ubuthi. Umuthi unezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• kuvimbela izinambuzane ukuba zikhule;
• kwenyusa okuqukethwe kwamavithamini ezithelo;
• Amagciwane awawona umlutha;
• isebenza izitshalo njengokuvikelwa okusebenzayo.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ngokubambisana ne-Alirin B no-Gliocladin. Ibekezelela isikhathi esiphakathi nesikhathi sokusebenzisa kwabo isonto eli-1. Yakhelwe ukwelashwa kwezitshalo zemifino. Izibhebhe zomuthi ziyahlanjululwa emthanjeni omncane wamanzi bese ziqedwa ngokuphelele. Ukuze unisele izitshalo, kufanele uthathe Izibhebhe ezi-2 uwafake ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Lokhu kwanele ukuphatha i-10 m² indawo yomhlaba. Ukuze ufafaze, thatha amaphilisi ama-2 ilitha linye lamanzi, futhi ukuvikela izifo zezitshalo, umthamo uqediwe.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukwengeza inani lamanzi elisetshenziselwa ukufafaza noma ukuthambisa. Isixazululo esisebenzayo senziwa ngosuku lokusetshenziswa futhi kumele sisetshenziswe ngaphakathi kosuku olungu-1.

Ukubuyekezwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-biofungicides

Abalimi abanakekelayo sebevele bakwazile ukuhlola amakhambi amasha, bawasebenzisa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene - izitshalo zasendlini, engadini, emibhedeni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo.