I-Aquilegia ibizwa nangokuthi ukhozi noma ukubamba okuthile. Kungenxa yohlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous ezingapheli zomndeni weRanunculaceae. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-60-120 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula ezindaweni zezintaba eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Cishe zingama-35 izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo. Lapho igama lesiLatin livela khona alichazwanga ngqo. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa, igama lisuselwa kumagama afana ne-aqua - "amanzi" kanye ne-legere - "ukuqoqa", futhi ngokusho kwenye - ukuthi leli gama livela ku-aquila - "ukhozi". Isitshalo esinjalo bekuyisikhathi eside sijwayela abatshali bezimbali. Ukhuluma ngaye kungatholakala kunganekwane. Ngakho-ke, ku "Hamlet" Ophelia unikeza uLaertes imbali kaColumbus (futhi yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-aquilegia eNgilandi). Futhi ngeNkathi Ephakathi, uma umdwebi efanekisela imbali yesitshalo esinikezwe esithombeni, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuba khona kukaMoya oNgcwele.
Izici ze-Aquilegia
Lezi zitshalo zinomjikelezo wokukhula kweminyaka emibili. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, umsuka wephuzu wokuvuselela kwenzeka phansi kwesiqu, futhi kusuka kuwo ekwindla, lapho isitshalo siphela, ukwakheka kwe-basal rosette kwenzeka. Entwasahlobo, amahlamvu ale rosette ayabuna, kuqhamuke okusha endaweni yayo, bese kuvela isiqu sezimbali enkabeni yaso, bese kuthi izimbali nezimbali zamakhasi esiqabunga zikhule kuwo. Amapuleti weqabunga leRosette anama-petioles amade, futhi ahlakazeka kabili noma kathathu, kuyilapho amaqabunga esihlahla somdanso sethambile. Ukuvula izimbali ezizodwa kungapendwe ngemibala ehlukene futhi kube nobukhulu obuhlukile, kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ungahlangana ophuzi, okusajingijolo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumhlophe, ngezimbali ezinsomi, kanye nemibala emibili noma eminingi. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ama-spurs akhona ezimbalini - lezi ziphume ngaphandle kwamathuna noma amakhefu angenalutho ngaphakathi, kukuwo lapho umpe utholakala khona. Izinhlobo zaseMelika nezaseYurophu zesitshalo esinjalo zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezibizwa ngeSpur, okuyilezi: i-Alpine, i-glandular, i-Olimpiki nokujwayelekile, kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iCanada, iSkinner, yegolide neCalifornia. Izinhlobo zamaJapan nezamaShayina azinayo i-spurs. Izithelo zimelelwa yi-multifoliate, lapho kunezimbewu ezincane ezicwebezelayo zombala omnyama, ezinobuthi. Zihlala zisebenza izinyanga eziyi-12.
Ukukhula kwe-aquilegia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile kunconywa ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu isivuniwe. Entwasahlobo, izithombo ezivele zingadluliselwa endaweni eyiyo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlwanyela kuhlelwe intwasahlobo, khona-ke kufanele kukhethwe indawo enamazinga okushisa aphansi okugcina imbewu. Ukuze ubusika iphesenti lokuhluma kwembewu linganciphi, bayalulekwa ukuthi baxube nenhlabathi babeke eshalofini lokuqandeka. NgoMashi, imbewu kufanele igezwe emhlabathini futhi ihlwanyelwe emabhokisini, okumele agcwaliswe yisigcawu esikhanyayo esakhiwe ngesihlabathi, i-humus nenhlabathi enamaqabunga (1: 1: 1), kufanele inyathelwe kahle futhi iniselwe. Imbewu esatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwenqenqemeni kufanele ifafazwe ngenhlabathi enamamilimitha amathathu, okumele idluliselwe ngesihlungo. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, isitsha kufanele simbozwe nge-burlap noma ishidi lephephandaba. Beka isitsha endaweni enomthunzi lapho izinga lokushisa liphakathi kwama-degrees ayi-16-18. Uma kunesidingo, thambisa ingaphezulu le-substrate usebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza. Amahlumela wokuqala angabonakala ngezinsuku eziyi-7-14. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga okuqala esihlahleni, kufanele singene enhlabathini ethambile egcwele izakhamzimba (lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli, owokuqala - ngoMeyi).
Ukufakelwa i-aquilegia
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Emhlabathini ovulekile wokutshala izithombo otshalwe ngoJuni. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukubetheka kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Endaweni ehlala njalo lapho zingakhula khona iminyaka eminingana, izitshalo zidluliselwa kabusha ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma entwasahlobo elandelayo. Kungenzeka umhlaba we-aquilegia osukhulile endaweni enomthunzi nasendaweni enelanga. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezitshalweni ezikhula kancane emthunzini, izimbali zikhulu ngandlela thile futhi ziqine, futhi nokuqhakaza okude, uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezikhula endaweni enelanga. Ukuqhakaza imbali enjalo kukhule kusuka embewini kuzokwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, kuyilapho kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila lapho kufinyelela ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
Ungatshala kanjani
Le mbali ayibeki izidingo ezikhethekile emhlabathini, kepha ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi bayitshale endaweni lapho inhlabathi ekhanyayo, evulekile nenomswakama. Ukuze uthuthukise inhlabathi, ngesikhathi sokumba, umquba noma i-humus kumele ungezwe kuyo (ibhakede elilodwa lomanyolo nge-1 cubic metres). Bamba inhlabathi ube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Kumamitha ayi-skwele kufanele abe khona kusuka kumabhishi ayishumi kuya kwayi-12 (kuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo). Uma i-aquilegia inde, khona-ke ibanga lamasentimitha angama-40 liyagcinwa phakathi kwezihlahla, kanti uma lishonile, cishe ngamasentimitha angama-25. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo esinjalo sisabalalisa ngempumelelo ukuzilawula, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulungiselelwe ukhula oluhlala njalo. Kukhona abatshali bezimbali abathanda lesi sici sezimbali. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5-6, inkathi yeminyaka esehlathini engenamanzi futhi ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo kwangaphambili. Kulokhu, kufanele kubiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-aquilegia encane, eyavela ngenxa yokuzikhulula, izohlala isendaweni yayo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-aquilegia
Ukunakekela lesi sitshalo kulula kakhulu. Udinga ukuniselwa ngendlela yesikhathi, ukondliwe, ukhulule inhlabathi futhi ususe ukhula. Lesi sitshalo esi-hygrophilous, kepha asesabi isomiso esincane, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lungena shí emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, isomiso esinzima singasilimaza isitshalo. Utshani bokhula kufanele bususwe ngendlela ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma izimbali zisezincane futhi zincinci. Ngemuva kwemvula noma lapho isitshalo siniselwa, umhlabathi wenhlabathi udinga ukukhululwa, kulokhu umswakama ngeke uphume ngokushesha kanjalo. I-Aquilegia nayo idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi. Galela umhlabathi amahlandla ama-2 ngesikhathi sehlobo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, isitshalo sidinga umanyolo wamaminerali, ngoba lokhu, amagremu ayi-15 kasawoti we-potassium, amagremu angama-50 we-superphosphate, kanye nama-25 amagremu we-nitrate athathwa kumitha eyodwa yesikwele, nebhakede eli-1 lesisombululo se-mullein, okufanele lingagxiliwe, lithathwa endaweni efanayo. Okuphakelayo okubili ehlobo kufanele kwanele isitshalo.
Ukuzala kwe-Aquilegia
Ungasakaza ngembewu, ukusika nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kulokhu, ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhathini ezithile, njengomthetho, ezimweni lapho kunesidingo sokugcina noma yiluphi uhlobo noma ukwakheka okukhethekile. Yilokho kuphela, ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimpande ze-aquilegia zijula ​​emhlabathini, futhi nazo ziphenduka kabi kakhulu inqubo yokufakelwa, kanye nokwahlukana. Ukuze uhlukanise isihlahla, kuyadingeka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo noma ekwindla ukukhetha isitshalo esineminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala. Bayibumba ngokucophelela, bezama ukungalimazi izimpande ezincane. Uhlelo lwezimpande lugezwa kahle, khona-ke wonke amapuleti amaqabunga nazo zonke iziqu kusikwa kube ngamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7. Kulokhu, kufanele kuhlale amapuleti amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa ummese obukhali, usike izimpande zempande ngesigamu ubude. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ku-Delenka ngayinye kufanele kube nezinso ezi-2 noma ezi-3 zokuvuselela, kanye nezimpande ezincane ezimbalwa. Isilayidi kufanele siphathwe namalahle achotshoziwe, kuthi emva kwalokho, i-Delenki itshalwe emabhokisini, okufanele agcwaliswe ngomxube okhanyayo womhlaba ogcwele izakhi zomzimba. Imvamisa, i-Delenki iyagula isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Kulula kakhulu ukusakaza lesi sitshalo ngesikhuni. Entwasahlobo, ngenkathi amaqabunga engakakhuli, kuyadingeka ukusika isiqu esisha eduze kwesithende ngesiqu. Indawo yokusika kufanele igcotshwe ngeKornevin, emva kwalokho isiqu kufanele sitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa okuncane noma enhlabathini evulekile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele simbozwe ngebhodlela leplastiki elisikiwe kusuka phezulu. Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo etholakala emthunzini oyingxenye, ngenkathi inhlabathi kumele ivulwe, futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi somfula ngale njongo. Ukunisela isibambo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokukhipha ibhodlela. Isikhathi sokuqala ukwazi ukungena kwesitshalo ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5. Izithombo ezisikiwe ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30. Ngemuva kwalokho idluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Aquilegia ingagula nge-grey bola, i-powdery isikhutha nokugqwala. Lezo zingxenye zezimbali ezithinteka ngokubola okungwevu noma ukugqwala, kumele zinqunywe futhi zichithwe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi awekho amalungiselelo aphumelelayo we-grey bola. Ukwelapha ukugqwala, kungenzeka ukwelapha nge-ejenti equkethe isibabule noma ngesixazululo sensipho exutshwe ne-sulfate yethusi. Imvamisa, ukutholwa kuthinteka yi-Powusy isikhutha, namafomu amhlophe wokupholisa ukhula emafulethini amaqabunga. Kutheleleke amapuleti eqabunga, abe nsundu bese efa. Ukususa isikhunta, kubalulekile ukuphatha isihlahla ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal ngensipho eluhlaza.
Izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-nematode, ama-aphid kanye nama-scoops kungalimaza imbali enjalo. Ukuqeda imikhaza nama-aphid, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-yarrow paste, i-Actellik noma iKarbofos. Ikhambi elisebenzayo le-nematode alikatholakali. Imvamisa, amahlahla anegciwane agaywa futhi abhujiswe, futhi endaweni lapho akhula khona, lezo zitshalo zitshalwa ezingawesabi ama-nematode, okungukuthi, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi noma okusanhlamvu.
I-Aquilegia ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuqediwe, iziqu ezilahlekelwe ngumphumela wazo kufanele zinqunywe ekhasini lesithombo. Sika izingxenye zezimbali ezingangenwe yizifo zinconyelwa ukwenziwa komquba, futhi iziguli nakanjani kufanele zichithwe. Ukuthola imbewu, udinga ukushiya ama-peduncle emabhasini ongathanda ukuwasakaza, bese ulinda ukuvuthwa kwawo. Ukuze imbewu ingaqhekeki, udinga ukugqoka isaka elenziwe nge-gauze ku-peduncle. Lapho isitshalo siphela, kuyokwenzeka ukwahlukanisa isihlahla bese siyitshala. NgoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika.
Ubusika
Ekwindla, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kubhasi oluneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala. Iqiniso ngukuthi izimpande zabo ziqala ukukhukhula ziphume emhlabathini, futhi lokhu kulimaza kakhulu emaqabungeni amancane nakumahlumela. Kulokhu, lapho i-peduncle isuswa, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla kufanele lifafazwe nge-humus ehlanganiswe nomquba we-peat, lokhu kuzomboza izimpande. Kulokhu, imbali izondliwa futhi ivikelwe ekwindla nasebusika obandayo.
Ukubukwa okuphambili ngezithombe kanye nezihloko
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, noma okungabalelwa ku-120. Noma kunjalo, kukhiqizwa ingxenye encane yazo. Ngezansi kuzovezwa izinhlobo zezilwane ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
I-Aquilegia alpina
Isihlahla siphansi impela (cishe amasentimitha angama-30), ezweni elinomsoco ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-80. Ububanzi bezimbali bungamasentimitha ayi-8, futhi badwetshwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-spurs amafushane agobekile. Izimbali zibonwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni, ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJulayi.
I-aquilegia eyenziwe ngesimo somuntu (i-Aquilegia flabellata)
Noma i-Akita - isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-60. I-basal rosette iqukethe amapuleti amaqabunga kathathu ane-petioles ende. Ububanzi bezimbali bungamasentimitha angama-5-6, ama-spurs amade, agobekile ngokuqinile. Kwi-peduncle, izimbali ezingama-1-5 zipendiwe ngombala we-lilac-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi emaphethelweni kukhona umngcele omfushane wombala omhlophe. Izinhlobo zivikela ubusika, ukuzimela kukhula ngokushesha ukukhula.
I-Aquilegia vulgaris
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla salezinhlobo zaseYurophu kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-80. Ububanzi bezimbali bungamasentimitha amahlanu, zipendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ebubende neblue. Imvamisa, kulinywe inqwaba yezinhlobo zalolu hlobo, ezingadwetshwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Izimbali zingaba lula futhi ziphindwe kabili, ngaphandle kwe-spurs noma nge-spurs. Lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, lungamelana nama-degree angama-35.
I-Hybrid Aquilegia (Aquilegia hybrida)
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezazakhelwe ingxenye enkulu ngokuwela i-aquilegia yezinhlobo ezivamile nezaseMelika. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.5-1. Izimbali ezinkulu zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-9; zombili zinamabala angenasici nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene. Izimbali zingamila futhi zilula.
I-aquilegia yegolide eligelezayo
Imvelaphi yaseNyakatho Melika. Lolu hlobo lunezimbali ezinkulu, ezingavimbeli, ezinemibala yegolide ezinama-spurs amade. Kubonakala ngesomiso nokubekezelela ubusika. Akavamile ukukhula ngo-mid-latitude, kodwa ukuthandwa kwawo kuyakhula kancane kancane.
I-Aquilegia Canadian (Aquilegia canadensis)
Imvelaphi yaseNyakatho Melika. Izimbali zibomvu ngokuphuzi, futhi ama-spurs awo aqondile. Isitshalo esinomthunzi nesinama-hygrophilous.
I-Aquilegia emnyama (i-Aquilegia atrata)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla salezinhlobo zaseYurophu kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-80. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti nezimbali eziqotayo ziyilacac emnyama. Ububanzi bawo busuka ku-3 kuya ku-4 amasentimitha, kukhona ama-spurs amafushane agobile enza njenge-stamens. Izimbali zibonwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, ezokuqala - ngoJuni. Ikhula kahle emthunzini oyingxenye. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izinhlobo zezimbali ezinombala omnyama. Isetshenziselwa ukusika nasezinhlelweni zezimbali.
I-Aquilegia olympica
I-Homeland Iran, iCaucasus ne-Asia Minor. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kusukela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60. Isiqu sinobucwebe obukhulu, ubukhulu bezimbali bungamasentimitha ayi-10, ziphuzi ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngama-spurs amade. Izimbali zibonwa kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni.
I-Skinner Aquilegia (Aquilegia skinneri)
Izwe lakuleli hlobo yiNyakatho Melika. Ukumelana neqhwa (kuze kufike ku-12 degrees). Izimbali ezi-red-red drooping zinama-spurs aqondile.
Futhi ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi zinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: i-ostrochemistic aquilegia, i-aquilegia enhle, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-aquilegia enemibala emibili, i-aquilegia ye-Bertoloni, i-aquilegia eshisayo, i-aquilegia eluhlaza okotshani.
