Izihlahla zesundu zePandanus zibizwa nangokuthi yi-spiral pine or pandanus. Luhlobo lwezinhlobo ezingama-600 ezaziwayo. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zingaba-monoecious noma dioecious. Ihlukaniswa njengomndeni wamaPandanales, uhlobo lwePandanova.
Uhlobo lwe-pandanus lwezihlahla zesundu lubandakanya okubhaliwe okuvela esifundeni sase Ntshonalanga Afrika empumalanga naseHawaii, ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3-4. Iphinde ikhule kanye ne-Indian East, ogwini lwase Ntshonalanga India naseSri Lanka. Ngaphakathi ezweni kutholakala kancane futhi kuncane, kodwa ngokulandelana okusakazekile kusatholakala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yeNdiya esenyakatho, kubandakanya nasezindaweni eziphansi zeNepal. Abanye babheka i-pandanus njengohlobo lwezinsikazi ezinamakha kaP. Tectorius Parkinson, onobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu bokusabalalisa - ukusuka e-Australia kuya ePolynesia. IPandanus ekhaya iyakhula futhi ikhule kahle, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izimbali zePandanus zigeleza zivela ezintendeni zezandla ze-pandanus. Itshalwa eNdiya futhi inephunga elimnandi, elimibalabala.
Incazelo ye-pandanus nesithombe sakhe
Le mbali inephunga elimnandi, elimnandi kakhulu futhi elifana nephunga le-rose. Amacembe asindayo futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Izitshalo zingahluka ngokubonakala kwazo, ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ama-pandanus angaphakathi imitha eyodwa ukuphakama, futhi kukhona izihlahla ezingamasentimitha angama-20 ubude (njengomthetho zinokuphakama okubanzi futhi zikhule kancane kakhulu). Bheka i-pandanus esithombeni ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula:
Isiqu esibanzi sinezimbali ezinkulu ezinamaqabunga nezinaliti ezinamabala. Imvamisa, isundu se-pandanus sinezimpande eziqinile nezisemanteni ezansi - zinikezela ukusekela imbali ngesikhathi sokukhula nenqubo yokuthuthuka, ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwengxenye yayo engenhla ngamaqabunga nezithelo.
Amacembe abunjiwe nge-Belt angahlukahluka ngosayizi ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kumamitha ayi-2 ngobude ukusuka ku-1,5 amasentimitha kuya ku-10 amasentimitha ububanzi. Njengoba imbali iyimbili, izimbali zingaba zesifazane noma zowesilisa. Ngokwemvelo ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izimbali zabesilisa esihlahleni zingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-2-3, zibe nephunga elishiwoyo futhi zizungezwe omabhulashini amhlophe amhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho sikunikeza izithombe eziningi ze-pandanus:
Umuthi we-pandanus wesifazane ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okufanele uletha izimbali ezinezithelo ezinkulu, ezibuye zibe nomongo endaweni ezungezile. Izithelo zinokwakheka kwebhola elinobubanziamasentimitha ayi-10-20 futhi zinama-prologies amaningi, njengezigaba ezibukeka njengesithelo sikaphayini. Imvamisa, izithelo zishintsha umbala usuka kokuluhlaza ube obomvu okhanyayo noma obomvu lapho sesivuthiwe ngokuphelele. Izithelo zezinhlobo ezithile zingadliwa; zondliwa yizilwane ezithile, kufaka phakathi amalulwane, amagundane, izinkalankala, izindlovu nokubhekisisa izibankwa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga aphansi e-pandanus ayawa, ashiye izibazi ebusweni ngenxa yokuthi isiqu singabonakala sisontekile, futhi imbali ithatha isimo sentende yamanga.
Ukunakekelwa KwePandanus Ekhaya
Ukunakekela i-pandanus yegumbi akuyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba ungacabanga ekuqaleni. Nikeza imbali ngombala okhanyayo, oguquguqukayo (kepha hhayi oyingozi kakhulu, isikhathi sosuku olulodwa) - ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, amahlamvu awo aba okuqina futhi alandele kamuva. Kumaqabunga anama-motley, umbala omuhle, ngokukhanya, umbala uyanyamalala. Ebusika nasekwindla, lapho unakekela i-pandanus ekhaya, imbali ayidingi sisithunzi nhlobo, kunalokho, kungalesi sikhathi sonyaka lapho kudingeka unikeze khona ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Awungeke usebenzise imithombo yokukhanya yemvelo kuphela, kepha futhi neyokwenziwa - izibani zetafula, njll. izinto. Zibeke kude kumitha ukusuka entweni amahora angama-6-8 ngosuku.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kungama windows asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Akunconywa ukuthatha lesi sitshalo ngaphandle, futhi ebusika ukugcina egumbini elinenani elanele lokushisa nomoya we-18 ° C, futhi ebusika kungaba phakathi kwe-15, kodwa hhayi eliphansi futhi okwesikhashana.
Akufanele usebenzele okusalungiswa, kepha kuyadingeka ukukhipha umoya omncane egumbini phakathi nobusika. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukushintshanisa kwesinye isikhathi isitsha se-pandanus sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya (ngisho nentuthuko).
IPandanus ayibekezeleli kahle amanzi ngokweqile, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyinisela ehlobo futhi entwasahlobo njalo ngosuku olunye, ukuze umhlaba ube nesikhathi sokoma. Ungathela kakhulu, kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 yenqubo, qiniseka ukuthi uwakhipha wonke amanzi amaningi. Ukunisela imbali kudinga amanzi afudumele emazingeni okushisa angama-30- 35 degrees. Kuhle uma amanzi ethambile futhi exazululekile. Ebusika, umthamo wokunisela uncishisiwe - uthinta kakhulu inani elikhulu lomswakama ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo kungadala izifo zezitshalo eziningi.
I-Pandanus ekhaya ibekezelela ngesizotha ukungabikho komswakama, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi konke ongakwenza ngaphandle kokufafazwa okwengeziwe. Okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amabili noma amabili, inqubo kumele yenziwe, futhi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho asuse uthuli emafini ngendwangu emanzi (ukuqala kusukela esisekelweni kuze kube sekupheleni ngethiphu). Imvamisa, imbali ingaba nezimpande ezinomoya ongeke ukwazi ukuzisusa. Ukuze ugweme ukoma, sincoma ukukusonga nge-moss enomswakama futhi ukhumbule ukuyishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukufakelwa kwePandanus
I-Pandanus ekhaya kufanele itshalwe kuphela lapho kudingeka, okungukuthi, lapho izimpande zibopha wonke umhlaba womhlaba ebhodweni. Imvamisa abancanyana badinga ukufakelwa minyaka yonke, abantu abadala bangenza okuncane kakhulu - kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Isundu sesihlahla se-pandanus sinezimpande ezintekenteke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele isingathwe ngomqondo ohlukile ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama (futhi uqaphele ukuthi inhlama yobumba ayibhujiswa).
Umthamo wehlumela elisha kufanele ube unzulu kunowedlule futhi u-1/3 kufanele ube nedonsa. Ungasitshaleli ngokujulile - shiya imbali esezingeni elifanayo njengoba lalinjalo ngaphambili.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuqoqa izimpande ezi-spiky zibe ifindo ngaphambi kokufakelwa, ngakho-ke ngeke ulimaze imbali noma ngokwakho.
IPandanus: izindlela zokuzala
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuzalela i-pandanus ekhaya. Ukunakekelwa kwesundu okuhleliwe kahle kuqinisekisa ukukhula okungapheli kwamahlumela amasha, anezimpande ngokuphelele endaweni esemanzi. Cabanga ngezindlela eziyinhloko zokuzalela i-pandanus.
- 1. Imbewu. Ziphonswa masinyane ngaphandle kokugwilika emhlabathini ngenhlabathi, ngesihlabathi nangotshani. Ngemuva kwalokho zimboze ngepulasitiki noma ngeplastiki bese uzigcina egumbini elinamazinga okushisa okungenani angama-25. Ungakhohlwa ukuhambisa njalo amanzi kanye nokufafaza amahlumela, kanye nomoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuya ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu kuya amane, kuphuma ilanga kuqala. Uma ufuna ukusheshisa inqubo, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ama-mini-greenhouse akhethekile, lapho kukhona khona ukushisa okuphansi. Lapho kuvela izithombo ezingama-2-3 kwisithombo ngasinye, ungazidlulisela kumabhodwe ahlukene enenhlabathi kusuka ku-turf nenhlabathi enamaqabunga nesihlabathi.
- 2. Izimbumbulu kufanele zithathwe amahlumela asezingeni eliphezulu le-pandanus - kufanele okungenani abe amasentimitha angama-20. Amaphuzu okusika kumele aphulukiswe ngokuwathulula ngamalahle. Lungisa umhlabathi nge-peat nesihlabathi, bese-ke, kanye nembewu, ushiye isikhashana ngaphansi kwengilazi noma isivalo sepulasitiki egumbini elinokushisa okungenani kwama-25 degrees. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu izinyanga ezimbili, ngokuya ngazo zonke izimo, amahlumela kufanele asevele egxile.
- 3. Ezimpandeni nasemagqabini, kungavela ama-rosette endodakazi, ngosizo lokuthi i-pandanus nayo ingasakazeka kanjani. Kuhle ukubahlukanisa lapho befika amasentimitha angama-20. Izindawo zokusika zivunyelwe ukoma usuku olulodwa, bese zitshalwa emhlabathini ngenqubo ephuma ematsheni ngesihlabathi esimile. Kuyadingeka ukutshala endaweni engaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili, icompact kahle, fafaza kahle ngamanzi (kahle, noma umane uthele) bese umboza ngengilazi. Abalimi beluleka ukusebenzisa ukufudumeza okuphansi kanye nokugcina umswakama womhlabathi olinganiselayo. Amasokisi amila izimpande ngenyanga eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, sezivele zingatshalwa ebhodweni elihlukile.
UPandanus Veitch
I-Pandanus veitch ikhula njenge shrub. Lesi sitshalo, ngisho nasebusika, sinombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi sincane, kepha izinhlobo ezithile zingafinyelela amamitha owodwa nengxenye ukuphakama. Zigcina amahlamvu ebusika ngendlela yazo yemvelo. Amaqabunga alesi sikhala asethuthukile kakhulu - anobude obukhulu, abunjwe ngendlela eyenziwe ngayo. ukubukeka kufana kakhulu nesihlahla sesundu ngenxa yengxenye ephakeme yaphansi yesiqu.
Kufanele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa amancane egumbi angama-15 degrees Celsius. Futhi kufanele uhlole isimo sezulu ngobusuku ngaphambi kokushiya emgwaqweni - ungadinga ukufakwa okwengeziwe. Izitshalo ezigcinwe ekhaya kufanele zivikeleke elangeni eliqondile, ezingalimaza ingaphezulu kwamaqabunga (le ngozi ibaluleke kakhulu maphakathi nehlobo, ngesikhathi esishisayo).
Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, kanye nokunisela, fakela i-pandanus ngomanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo njalo emavikini amabili. Lapho ukhetha umanyolo, naka iqiniso lokuthi kufanele liqukethe i-nitrogen ne-potassium (baba neqhaza ekukhuleni ngokulinganayo kokuhluma okusha).
Ukunisela i-pandanus veitch kudinga ukwenziwa kancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sekuncibilikisa inhlabathi kahle (abalimi abanekhono babala ukuthi izingilazi ezi-2-3 zanele isonto ngalinye). Musa ukushiya amanzi kusoso ngemuva kokuchelela - lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta.
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kukhetha inhlabathi enamanzi amaningi.
Kusetshenziswa uPandanus
Izithelo zePandanus zisetshenziswa njengezithelo noma njengembewu. Izithelo ezidliwayo zmbali zinombala obomvu noma ophuzi. Futhi ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, izakhamizi zasePolynesia zisebenzisa zona njengensipho. Imbewu edliwayo ye-pandanus ayinakunyakaziswa ngokuphelele ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, ngoba idinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile okushisayo.
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njenge-flavour agent yemikhiqizo yokudla, ikakhulukazi amaswidi aseNyakatho ne-India: i-pandanus liquid isetshenziswa lapho kanye noshukela nobisi njengesithako esiyinhloko sokuphatha okuhlukahlukene. E-Southeast Asia, isetshenziselwa ukwenza irayisi ukunambitha i-flavour ye-curry.
Uwoyela obalulekile wenziwa kusuka ezimbalini, ovame ukusetshenziswa njenge-flavour agent ekwenzeni i-ayisikhilimu neziphuzo. Owoyela lo unephunga elihlukile nelimnandi.
Ekhaya, i-pandanus isetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezwe nokwakha i-microclimate enhle. I-Palm iqoqa ngokuphelele zonke izinto ezilimazayo ezivela emoyeni ozungezile futhi izicebisa nge-oksijini kanye namafutha abalulekile. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic.
E-Oceania, i-pandanus isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokwakha izindlu zasendlini, izingubo nezindwangu (kufaka nezikhwama ezahlukahlukene kanye namarubhu okuhlobisa), ukudla, umuthi, ubucwebe, ukudoba nemicikilisho yenkolo.
Amaqabunga awo angahlafunwa njenge-sweetener noma njengendlela yokuphefumula okusha. Ososayensi babuye bakufakazela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sine-flavonoid, enezinto eziningi zokuphulukisa - i-antiviral, antiallergenic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antioxidant.
Ngendlela, amaqhude awalibekezeleli iphunga le-pandanus, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa amaqabunga noma imbewu njenge-ejenti yokulawula izinambuzane.
Isitshalo sikhula kahle futhi sikhula ezingeni lamamitha ayinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Inenani elikhulu kwezomnotho, amasiko kanye nokuzilibazisa ngensimu yeNyakatho yeNdiya - ngenani lingalinganiswa ngokuqiniseka nokhukhamba.
Kwezinye izindawo, i-pandanus iyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwezandla - imvamisa izisebenzi ziqoqa amaqabunga, ziwanqume kahle bese zilungiselela ukwenza izindwangu ezahlukahlukene nezinye izinto zasendlini.
