I-Cineraria (i-Cineraria) luhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni wakwa-Aster noma i-Asteraceae. Abalimi balima izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cineraria nezinhlobo zomndeni we-ceneraria we-godson (Senecio), abangamalungu omndeni we-asters, angabameli bomndeni we-astro. I-genus cineraria ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 ezitholakala emvelweni, kanti ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kunezinhlobo eziyinkulungwane ezingama-1-3 zezinkulisa zikaNkulunkulu. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ze-cineraria ne-godlings, ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
NgesiLatini, i-cineraria isho "i-ashen." Simelelwa izihlahlana nezitshalo ze-herbaceous. Endle, imbali enjalo ingahlangana kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika naseMadagascar. Ekhaya, kukhula i-cineraria enegazi kuphela (i-Cineraria cruenta), ebizwa ngokuthi yi-hybrid cineraria (Cineraria hybrida), kepha empeleni lesi sitshalo siyisiphambano esihlanganisiwe. E-horticulture, lesi sitshalo sihlwanyelwa njengonyaka noma ngonyaka. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla okunamahlumela amaningi ahlutshiwe kungamasentimitha angama-30-90. Amapuleti amakhulu eqabunga le-petiolate anama-oval noma amise okomusa, ezinhlotsheni ezengeziwe anqabile. Phezu kwamahlamvu kanye namahlumela kukhona i-pubescence. Ukwakheka kwe-inflorescence yokugcina ye-corymbose kufaka phakathi ama-terry noma obhasikidi alula anezimbali ezi-lingual, onombala omhlophe, onsomi, obomvu nobphuzi. Bazungeza isiqhingi sezimbali eziphuzi ze-tubular. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala.
Ukukhula i-cineraria kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukuze ukhule i-cineraria kusuka imbewu, okokuqala udinga ukuyithenga. Lokhu kungenziwa esitolo sezimbali, ngoba ezivandeni isitshalo esinjalo kungahlangatshezwa ngaso kaningana. Imbewu inokuhluma okuhle kakhulu. Kunconywa ukutshala imbewu yezithombo ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitsha kufanele sigcwaliswe nge-peat exutshwe nesihlabathi (1: 1). Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ebusweni be-substrate, imbewu ayingcwatshwa. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, udinga ukuthatha umphathi wezinkuni bese uphonsa ingxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba. Emva kwalokhu, izithombo kumele ziniselwe nge-sprayer noma zisebenzisa indlela engezansi. Isitsha kumele simbozwe ngengilazi esobala.
Izithombo
Izithombo zokuqala, njengomthetho, zivela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1-1,5. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitsha kufanele sihanjiswe endaweni enokukhanya okuhle. Ukungena ezimbizeni ngazinye kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba kwakheke amaqabunga ayi-2 ezitshalweni. Ngesikhathi sokuntywila, isitshalo kufanele sisuswe ngokucophelela ngesigaxa sobumba. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-peat briquette briquette njengesitsha; ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini evulekile kuzoba nezinkinga ezimbalwa ezimbalwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezithombo engadini, uzothula izitshalo ezinamandla ezinamandla.
Ukufakela i-cineraria emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukuhlakulela imbali enjalo akunzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uyazi imithetho eyisisekelo yokuyinakekela. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe indawo enelanga, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sasemini izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga umthunzi. Inhlabathi edonswa kahle, igcwele izakhamzimba, ukungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane. Ukutshala izithombo esezikhulile kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi kungabikho songo seqhwa ebusuku, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Meyi.
Ungatshala kanjani
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile walesi sitshalo akuhlukile kokutshala ezinye izitshalo. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele lisuke ku-20 liye ku-25 amasentimitha. Ukufiswa kwenziwa kanye nesigaxa sobumba. Lapho i-cineraria itshalwe, bese uxubana nenhlabathi futhi unisele. Esimweni lapho kunengozi yesithwathwa ebusuku, khona-ke kusihlwa, isitshalo kufanele simbozwe nge-lutrasil noma nge-spanbond, futhi ekuseni - usihlanze.
Izici Zokunakekela
Akunzima ukunakekela le mbali, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinisela kahle. Ngamanzi angenele, i-cineraria iba buthaka, futhi uma kunomswakama omningi, khona-ke ukubola kuqala ukubonakala ohlelweni lwezimpande. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo ziyamelana nesomiso futhi imvamisa zinemvula eyanele. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo siphuziswe noma kudlule imvula, umhlabathi ongaphezulu kumele ukhululwe, ngenkathi ususa utshani obukhona lokhula. Lapho izimbali ziqala ukubuna, kufanele zinqunywe, ngenxa yalokhu i-cineraria iyaqhakaza isikhathi eside. Ukondla kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 emavikini ama-4 bese kusetshenziswa umanyolo wezimbiwa kulokhu. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ukuqhakaza zidinga ukondliwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-7 zisebenzisa ama-nitrate omanyolo kanye ne-organic. Uma unokuhlobisa okubukeka njengokuhlobisa, khona-ke ama-buds kuleli cala kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha nje lapho evela.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cineraria
Ungasikhulisa kanjani isitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyweni ezichazwe ngenhla, nokho, izinhlobo zezimbali zokuhlobisa kuphela ezingasakazwa ngale ndlela kuphela. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa amahlamvu zingasatshalaliswa ngezindlela zemifino. I-Seaside cineraria (i-Cineraria maritima), ngokwesibonelo, ingasakazwa ehlobo ngabasiki bamasentimitha ayishumi. Kulokhu, udinga "i-cuticle" (ibhokisi ephathekayo), lapho izithombo zizotshalwa khona. Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze sikwazi ukususa kalula amarobhothi amancane (ukusika) emisebeni yelanga eqondile yosuku. Ukuze uyenze, uzodinga amabhodi ne-plywood. Phansi, ungakhohlwa ukwenza izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Lapho-ke kuthelelwa ungqimba wamasentimitha ayishumi omhlabathi oxutshwe nesihlabathi, ngaphezulu ungqimba lwesihlabathi esimanzi emifula (ubukhulu bawo amasentimitha ayi-60). Ingaphezulu kufanele lidalulwe futhi i-substrate kufanele ithululwe ngesithalo sokuchelela ngesisombululo se-pink manganese potassium. Cubungula ukusika kwe-cuttings ngaphansi kwempande yezimpande, bese uyicwilisa endaweni engaphansi kwe- "cuticle" bese uphonsa inhlabathi eyizungezile kancane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isibambo simbozwa ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elinyiwe, silinamathisela esihlabathini. Lesi sikhoselo singasuswa kuphela ngemuva kokubangwa ngokuphelele kwe-midzi. Uma kunesidingo, ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngaphezulu kwamabhodlela kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Amapulangwe agxilile kudingeka aqale ukujwayela imvelo yangaphandle, ngoba lokhu udinga ukususa amabhodlela kuwo nsuku zonke amahora angu-1-2. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, indawo yokukhosela idinga ukususwa ukuze kube kuhle futhi kungcono ukuyenza uma kunamafu noma uma lina. Ngokubusika, ukusikwa kubekwa egumbini elipholile, ngaphandle kokubakhipha ku "cuticle". Entwasahlobo, batshalwe enhlabathini evulekile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ama-cineraria okuhlobisa amahlamvu angahlaseleka ukuthi angenwe yi-Powdery isikhutha noma ukugqwala (ngomswakama ophezulu nokushisa), kanti ama-aphid nezindawo zesicabucabu zingahlala kuwo. Njengoba lezi zimbali zinama-pubescence aminyene, kuzoba lula ukuvikela ukutheleleka kunokulapha isifo. Ama-iniccticides asetshenziswa ukuqeda izinambuzane. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo zimelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Sekushiwo ngenhla ukuthi lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuqhakaza izimbali ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo sitshalelwa abalimi njengonyaka. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokushabalala, kumane kubhujiswe. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa neziqabayo kungenzeka impela ukuthi zilondoloze kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele zilungele ubusika, okungukuthi, izihlahla zesitshalo zidinga ukumbozwa ungqimba lwamaqabunga omisiwe. Ngentwasahlobo, udinga ukususa amahlamvu, bese unqamula izingxenye ezazakhiwe yi-cineraria, ngoba zingavimba amahlumela amasha ukuba akhule. Kukhona futhi indlela yesibili ezosiza ukugcina lesi sitshalo kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ekwindla, kufanele idluliselwe ebhodweni lezimbali, bese idluliselwa egumbini elipholile elikhanyiswe ngokwanele. Ngokuza kwentwasahlobo elandelayo, udinga kuphela ukudlulisa imbali le emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobo ezinezithombe
Zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo, ezitshalwa abalimi nama-florists, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ahlukene. Eyokuqala yazo ingamahlamvu okuhlobisa. Ama-cineraria anjalo, njengomthetho, atshalwa ingxenye enkulu enhlabathini evulekile. Iqembu lesibili liqhuma ukuhlobisa. Izitshalo ezinjalo zikhule njengezitshalo zasendlini.
Ulwandle lwaseCineraria (i-cineraria maritima)
Ibizwa nangokuthi isiliva cineraria, i-cineraria yesiliva noma iziphambano zolwandle. Lesi sitshalo sokuhlobisa futhi esiqabulayo singapheli. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo saso seqabunga le-basal kufaka amapuleti wamaqabunga wombala wesiliva ongaqhelekanga. Lolu hlobo lithandwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Iqiniso ngukuthi isizinda esihle kakhulu seminye imifino, kanye nezitshalo ezinezimbali ezinombala okhanyayo kakhulu, ogcwele satjani. Futhi, lolu hlobo lungabizwa nangokuthi "uthuli lwesiliva." Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- "Izintuli zesiliva"- izihlahla ezinjalo ezihlangene zinokuphakama okuncane namapuleti anamaqabunga entambo.
- "Cirrus"- isihlahla esinjalo sinokuphakama okuthe xaxa uma siqhathanisa nesokuqala, futhi emabeleni aso amahle kukhona amaqabunga anezimbali ezivulekile.
I-Hybrid Cineraria (i-Cineraria hybrid)
Okubizwa nangokuthi i-cineraria ebomvu, noma i-cineraria enegazi - isitshalo esinjalo esinamahlahla siyimbali yokuhlobisa. Isihlahla singaba nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-30 nangaphezulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga amakhulu ayindilinga anobudeamasentimitha ayi-10-20. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda samahlamvu athandekayo, izimbali eziqhakazile ziqhamile ezibonakala ngokubukeka kuma-daisies noma ama-daisies. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Grandiflora - Isihlahla sinokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-70. Izimbali zikhulu impela futhi zinobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-5-8.
- Kabili - ama-bush angaba nokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-35-70, izimbali zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha amahlanu.
- Stellate - amahlahla aphezulu kakhulu (amasentimitha angama-70-90), futhi ubukhulu bezimbali bungamasentimitha ayi-2,5.
- Ukuzwelana - Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi izimbali zaso zingadwetshwa ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kwemibala yemibala.
I-Fine cineraria (Senecio elegans)
Ukuphakama kwesiqu esihlotshiswe kakhulu kungamasentimitha angama-60; ngaphezulu kwawo kukhona i-pubescence ngesimo sezinwele ezinamathelayo, nangaphezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga. Izimbali zingaba yizitry noma zilula. Bayingxenye yamabhasikidi, ayingxenye yama-inflorescence anesimo se-corymbose. Izimbali zihlala kuze kube yisithwathwa sokuqala. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Nanus - isihlahla sokwehluka okunjalo okufushane sinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-25.
- ILigulosus - Izimbali ze-Terry zingapendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene.
