I-Sempervivum - iklabishi lonogwaja

Izinganekwane zasendulo zithi eYurophu abantu abasha babenikezelwe kunkulunkulu waseScandinavia wokuduma nombani uThor. Ngakho-ke, ngeNkathi Ephakathi, nge-oda leCharlemagne, ama-rosette amasha amahle atshalwa ophahleni lwezindlu. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu basedolobheni babekholelwa kakhulu ukuthi inqubo enjalo yokuphepha yayingavimba umbani ovela emizini yabo lapho kuduma izulu.

MncaneIsiLatini Sempervivum, kuzwelonke itshe rose, iklabishi lomvundla.

Igama livela kumagama esiLatini athi 'semper' - njalo futhi athi 'vivus' - ephila, amandla ezisekelo zamacembe ukuze uhlale usebenza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zobukhona. E-Russia, lesi sitshalo sibizwa nangokuthi "itshe rose", "iklabishi lonogwaja", "ukukhula okusha". Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, le nsizwa ifana nesikhukhukazi esihaqwe izinkukhu eziningi. Ukusuka lapha kwaqhamuka igama lakhe lesiNgisi elaziwa ngokuthi "Hens andkukhu" - "umama hens nezinkukhu."

Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30-50 eziseCentral, Southern kanye naseMpumalanga Yurophu, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga Asia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni. E-Russia, baya empumalanga kwiVolga. Ikhula ematsheni anezimbali, ezindaweni ezimangalisa kakhulu, ezihlahleni zikaphayini esihlabathini. Intsha inendlela yokuphila efana ne-golosnikov. Ihlanganisa kalula kakhulu emvelweni nasisikweni. Kunezinhlobo eziningi.

Inyama, i-pubescent enezinwele ezi-glandular, kancane kakhulu - ama-perennials acishe abe nqunu, akha ama-rosette aminyene amaqabunga amaningi amaqabunga 1-16 cm ububanzi kanye nama-stolons amaningi athela ama-rosette amancane amaqabunga. Izindebe zezimbali zivame ukubonakala zinezinwele ezincane ze-glandular, ziqonde futhi zingashintshiwe. I-Monocarpics, i.e. Qhakaza kube kanye bese ufa. Amaqabunga amnandi, ehlukile, onqenqemeni lonke, ngokuvamile ama-ovate noma a-ovil, abukhali noma akhombe, abhekisisa onqenqemeni. Izimbali zihlala zijwayelekile, zinobukhulu obungu-8 - 20, zisexual, zine-perianth ephindwe kabili, ecishe ibe ntekenteke, eqoqwe kuma-inflorescence e-corymbose-panicrate, amagatsha ngamanye awo angama-monochasias (isb. Ama-inflorescence lapho izimbazo zakamuva zikhula ngaphansi kwezimbali ze-apical ezinkulu ze-eksisi, bese zikhula ngokweqile ebumnyameni futhi obuqukethe izimbali). Amathuna anamanzi, afakwa ezansi, wonke-marginal, ngokuvamile ambozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane ezilula noma ezi-glandular, ezingafakwanga lutho. Ama-petals angama-lanceolate, ahlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula amathuna, imvamisa anombala onenkanyezi, omhlophe, ophuzi, ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu, opinki, noma onsomi emaphethelweni nangaphandle. Ama-Stamens aphindwe kabili njengama-petals, ukusuka ku-16 kuye ku-40; maqondana nezilwane ezifuywayo zikhula ngaphansi kwazo, futhi amacembe alandelayo akhululekile; amafilamu okuqina avame ukuthotshiswa, ama-pubescent, noma ajwayele ukungabi nalutho; anthers kukhona oblong ovoid. Izinduna ze-Nectar zingaphansi kwe-pesticular, encane, i-lamellar, iqinile ku-apex. I-Gynoecium (isb., Iqoqo lezimbali zemithi ezakha ipistilitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu - izitho zesifazane zezimbali) ezingenamakhara ayi-8 - 20, angafani nama-ovate, ngokuvamile ama-styloids amafushane kancane kune-ovary, aqonde, angenalutho; izisihla zincane, qondisa. Isithelo se-8-20 oblong ovoid noma esicishe sibe yi-lanceolate, sibhula ngezinwele ezi-glandular, amapheshana anezinhlamvu eziningi.

Ezinye izinkolelo zihambisana nentsha. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezithathwe ngomlomo newayini zasebenza njengesihlava. I-tincture elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile yenza iso lomuntu nokuzwa kubukhali. Ngesikhathi sePrince Vladimir the Red Sun, ubuhle baseRussia bahlikihla izihlathi zabo ngobuso bobusha ukuze blush licace. Imbongi yaseFrance nosokhemisi u-Odo waseMena, owayephila ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkolo, wabhala ukuthi noma ngubani othwala isitolo sowesifazane osemncane uzokugwema ukulunywa yi-scorpion. Enkondlweni yakhe edumile "Emagameni amakhambi" imigqa engamashumi amathathu nesithupha inikelwe "itshe rose" - imigqa eyisithupha ngaphezulu kwe-rose yangempela.

Ngokuphelela okungapheli kwama-rosette ayo, izingane ezinhlobonhlobo ziyehluka ngesimo nangombala wamaqabunga. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ezincane ekwakhiweni komhlaba okwenzeka emuva ku-Middle Ages. Izakhamizi zangenkathi ephakathi yeYurophu zatshala uphahla oluphelele lwezindlu zabo. Inkumbulo yalokhu yagcinwa egameni lenye yezinhlobo - ukufulela izinsizwa (Sempervivum tectorum). Njengomuntu ophilayo wasebenzisa lesi sitshalo eNgilandi.

Ukuhlobisa

Intshisekelo yezakhiwo zokuhlobisa zezingane zivuswe ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izindlela eziphambili zokutshala lezi zitshalo zathatha ukwakheka - kwavela imingcele kanye nokhaphethi ezinganeni ezincane ezivandeni zaseFrance. Ngaphambili zazisetshenziswa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezitolo, zenza imigqa nezibalo. Ukufika kwamahhala, kwe-asymmetric kwavela kamuva, ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwaqhamuka izingadi zamatshe zaseYurophu zokuqala, futhi izingane zahlala lapho, ngokwesiko eduze kwesihlahla sangaphansi esakhiwe ngamatshe nangama-saxifrage.

Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, amahlumela amancane aba yinto yokunakwa kakhulu kwabatshali bezimbali, ukukhetha kwabo okuqondisiwe kuqala. AmaDashi kanye nabaseMelika, amaJalimane kanye nabaseBrithani babegula ngalolu hlobo ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ukufezekiswa kokuzalela kwamashumi eminyaka asanda kudlula kulandele imfashini entsha yezindlela ezinemibala yezitshalo. Sekuvele manje eYurophu kunezinhlobo eziningi ezimibalabala ezinemibala emnyama - kusuka kumnyama we-carmine kuya cishe kumnyama, noma kunalokho, umbala onsomi onsomi, ngoba izitshalo ezimnyama azikho endalweni. Kepha ezweni lethu, izinhlobonhlobo zombala ojulile ogcwele kahle azitholakali kuze kube manje. Ngokuvamile, inani lezinhlobonhlobo zentsha namuhla likhulu impela. Inani lababhalisile selivele labedlula izinkulungwane ezine. Lesi sibalo siphakeme kakhulu kunohlobo lwangempela lwamashumi ayisithupha. Ngakho-ke singacabanga ukuthi umzamo wendoda yokulungisa imvelo kuleli cala waba yimpumelelo. Siyethemba ukuthi kancane kancane lezi zinda zama-cultivar zizotholakala kubathandi baseRussia.

Izinhlobo eziningi zentsha zimelela imibala ehlukahlukene eyahlukahlukene yezitolo. Kukhona okuluhlaza, okuyisiliva, okuphuzi, okupinki, okuyi-burgundy, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zishintsha umbala wamaqabunga ngokuya ngenkathi yonyaka. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzisebenzise kabanzi ekwakheni imidwebo enemibala "ebomvu". Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene lapho sezikhulile zingahanjiswa impova, futhi inzalo eziningi zitholakala kusiko. Ama-hybrids we-Interspecific achazwa ngisho nasendaweni yokuhlala yemvelo.

Izici Ezikhulayo

Indawo: izingane zivumelane kahle nezimo zethu ezingazinzile, kwesinye isikhathi ezinomswakama, manje ezishisayo noma ezibandayo. Kuyinto emelana kakhulu nesiko, ayidingi ezinye izinyathelo ngokumelene nomswakama owedlulele, ngaphandle kokuthi kube namanzi akhona. Okuyizwela kakhulu ukungaboli kuyinto encane kakhulu ye-cobweb. Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zinqande isomiso. Ukubeka umthunzi, kufaka phakathi ukhula noma ukubola kwamaqabunga, kuyaphulwa. Kuliqiniso, abafi ngokushesha phezu kokugcwala ngokweqile, kepha bayeluliwe, balahlekelwe ukwakheka kwabo kombala nombala ogqamile.

Inhlabathi: ukhule kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi otshaliwe, uvikele umswakama. Kepha kukhethwa umhlabathi owomile, ompofu, onesihlabathi. Uma inhlabathi iqukethe izakhi eziningi zomzimba, lesi sitshalo, noma sakha ama-rosette amakhulu, kepha umbala waso uzothamba kancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi bona uqobo bazomelana nokuqothuka ngokweqile. Inhlabathi yazo zonke izinhlobo ayifiseleki ngokungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane. Isihlabathi sama-coarse, udaka olwandisiwe, imidwebo ye-granite isetshenziselwa ukukhulula.

I-Landing: izitshalo zitshalwa ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwezinhlobo ezinkulu li-10-15 cm, lincane - cm 3-5. Ngemuva konyaka, ama-rosette endodakazi azomboza ngokuphelele inhlabathi engaphezulu.

Ukunakekela: iqukethe ukususwa okufika ngesikhathi kokhula kanye nama-inflorescence aqothulayo kanye ne-rosette efile yamaqabunga. Emhlabathini omanzi, amaqabunga aphansi ku-rosette aqala ukubola. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala somswakama okweqile. Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-5, uma amaqembu eba maningi kakhulu futhi izisekelo ziqala ukuncipha, izingane zihlala phansi. Intsha ayisabekezeleli kakhulu isomiso, ikakhulukazi uma ikhula emhlabathini ompofu. Abafi, kepha basonta izisekelo futhi balahlekelwe umphumela wokuhlobisa.

Ukuzala

Okusatshalaliswa kuvame ukusatshalaliswa, okusakazwayo kwembewu akunakwenzeka, ngoba ezinhlotsheni eziningi inani elikhulu lama-rosette amadodakazi amancane akhiwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kanye nokufika kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukwenziwa entwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi ehlobo. Ama-rosette amancane kakhulu akhula emigodini, ezinkulu kakhulu - ezitshalwe ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, zigcina ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-10. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi kuya ekujuleni okungabi ngaphezu kuka-1 mm. Umila kumazinga okushisa angama-20 C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5. Izithombo zigcinwa ekukhanyeni, zivikela elangeni elishisayo. Ukufika endaweni ehlala njalo ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - Julayi.

Sebenzisa

Intsha iyasebenza kakhulu ekutshaleni kwamaqembu eningizimu yezihlahla, ezingomeni zekhaphethi, ezindaweni ezinamadwala nasemithambekeni.

Ozakwethu: ayihambelani nezitshalo ezivuthiwe.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Isitha esikhulu sezinsizwa - izinyoni, okungukuthi: izibungu, amajezi, ama-jackdaw kanye namaqhude.

Izibungu zebhungane likaMeyi nazo zingalimaza umntwana omncane, zingagcini izimpande kuphela, osemncane angakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu kalula, kepha ziyakwazi ukudla isisekelo sesigaxa esifushane se-namanzi. Izitolo ezinjengalezi kufanele zigxilwe kabusha, lapho ziqoqe leyo ngxenye yamaqabunga ahlala ngaphandle “kokuxhaswa”. Kulezo zindawo lapho inhlabathi ihlaselwe kakhulu yile nkathazo, kuyasiza ukufaka izingane unyaka nonyaka, ukukhetha izibungu emhlabathini.

Kwezifo, ukubola kwesimo esingatholakali kuvame ukudala inkathazo.. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo semvula, izitolo ziyabola. Ekuqaleni zenziwa sengathi zinokucaca, futhi zisheshe ziphenduke zibe nsundu bese “zithamba”. Kepha, njengomthetho, inqubo ayisabalalisi ezitolo ezingomakhelwane. Abantu abagulayo badinga nje ukususwa kusenesikhathi, futhi kusobala ukuthi inqubo yokubola iqala phansi.

Izinhlobo

Kopha insizwa (Sempervivum tectorum) - Amalokethi ayindilinga noma acabalele kancane, ububanzi bezinyawo ezingamasentimitha 4-5 cm, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Amaqabunga makhulu, anamyama, anezeluleko ezibukhali, kwesinye isikhathi ezibomvu. I-Peduncle pubescent, enamaqabunga amakhulu, ifinyelela ku-60 cm amade. Izimbali zinombala onsomi omnyama noma okhanyayo, omile okwezinkanyezi, kufika ku-2 cm ububanzi, oqoqwe ngo-corymbose, ama-inflorescence aqhakaze kakhulu imbewu. Izimbali ngoJulayi-Agasti izinsuku ezingama-40-45. Ikhula engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, iYurophu, i-Asia Minor.

Inzalo encane (Sempervivum soboliferum) - rosette spherical, kuze kube yi-5 cm ububanzi, amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, obomvu ku -exex. Izimbali ziphuzi ngokuphuzi noma ziluhlaza okotshani, ziqoqwe kuma-corymbose inflorescence. Izimbali ngoJulayi-Agasti izinsuku ezingama-35- 40. Kutholakala eYurophu nengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia.

I-cobweb encane (i-Sempervivum arachnoideum) - Ikhula ezintabeni zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Izinyawo ezinamaqabunga afinyelela ku-4 cm ubukhulu, eziyindilinga, zithambile kancane phezulu. Amaqabunga angama-oblong-lanceolate, agobekile emaphethelweni, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala obomvu onsundu, okhuliswe ukwindla, i-cobweb-pubescent enezinwele ezikhanyayo. I-Peduncles ifinyelela ku-30 cm amade, anamaqabunga.

Amacembe esiqu ayakhonjwa, ayindilinga, awumbala. Izimbali zibomvu, ziqoqwe kuma-corymbose inflorescence. Iqhakaza isuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi. Inezinhlobonhlobo zasengadini ezihluke ngosayizi wama-rosette nombala wamaqabunga.

I-Russian Russian (Sempervivum ruthenicum) -Ukhula endle engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, emazweni aseBalkan nase-Asia Minor. I-Rosette yamaqabunga ifinyelela kububanzi obungu-6 cm. Amaqabunga e-Rosette anombala obunjiwe noma obovate-wedge, okhombe ngokufushane; kuma-peduncle - oblong-lanceolate, ekhombe, ama-pubescent nhlangothi zombili. Ukujikeleza kufinyelela kuma-35 cm amade. Izimbali ziphuzi, kuma-inflorescence e-corymbose ahlukene kuze kufike ku-10 cm ngaphesheya. Izimbali ngoJulayi-Agasti izinsuku ezingama-35- 40.

I-Juvenile spherical (Sempervivum globiferum). - Ukhula eCaucasus, eNortheast Turkey. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga e-oblong-lobed, red redinging phezulu, ziqoqwe kuma-rosette afinyelela ku-5 cm ubukhulu. Amacembe esiqwini a-oblong-ovate, anwebekile, abukhali esisekelweni. Izimbali ziphuzi noma ziphuzi-luhlaza, ziqoqwe ku-umbrella-corymbose inflorescence enamagatsha amafushane e-fluffy. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti.