Phakathi kwezitshalo zokuqala nezitshalwa ngokuqhakaza, amapani angena kwenye yezindawo zokuqala kwezimbali. Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yabo nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala kumane nje kuyamangalisa: kusuka kumhlophe omsulwa kuya cishe kumnyama nazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebomvu. Maphakathi nembali kuvame ukuba nebala lokwakheka nombala woqobo.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto OliveiraKunezinhlobo ezimbili ezithandwa kakhulu zalesi sitshalo - iTricolor violet neWittroka violet. Ziyahluka ngesimo sezimbali, uF. Wittrock unezimbali ezinkulu, kanti uF. Tricolor uyisitshalo esinezimbali ezincane.
- Amapayipi, noma UViolet tricolor (I-Viola tricolor) - isitshalo esimibalabala esivamile eYurophu nasezifundeni ezishisayo zase-Asia; izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Violet lomndeni uViolet.
- UViolet wittrock, noma amapani engadini (I-Víola × wittrokiana) - isitshalo se-herbaceous somsuka we-hybrid we-Violet womndeni. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, izinhlobo eziningi namaqembu akhiqizwayo atholakala ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-tricolor violets (I-Viola tricolor), Altai (Viola altaica) nophuzi (Viola lutea) nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amapani ayefakazelwa ngempahla yokufakelwa uthando: uma nje ujusi wesitshalo ufafaza amehlo omuntu olele phakade alinde ukuvuswa kwakhe, uyothandana kuze kube phakade. AmaFulentshi nezigxobo anika ama-pansies njenge-Keepake yokuhlukanisa. Futhi eNgilandi, kwaqalwa isiko: insizwa, enamahloni okuchaza uthando lwayo, vele ithumele lembali eyomile kothandekayo wayo bese ibhala igama layo.
Amapayipi - Ama-perennials aphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwangama-30, ngokuvamile akhule njengama-biennials Izimbali zabo ezinhle ngokubabazekayo ziphinda zimise ama-violets. Amabhasi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula acwebile, bese eba lukhula; ihlumela eliyinhloko limi, isistimu yezimpande i-fibrous. E-axils amaqabunga ama-pansies, ifomu lezimbali, iziphetho zazo zithweswe umqhele wezimbali ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obufika ku-7 cm. Inani elikhethekile le-pansies likhona ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Maphakathi neRussia, ziyaqhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-violets anezimbali ezinkulu, i-hybrid eyinkimbinkimbi etholakala phakathi neminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wokukhetha, zigcwele kusiko. Ama-nzalo amaningi anamuhla akakwazi ukumelana nokushisa futhi anekhono lokuqhakaza kulo lonke ihlobo.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor)Ukulima nokunakekela
Ivelu ekhethekile yamapansies isekuqaleni futhi izimbali kakhulu. Sebenzisa ama-pansies ekwakhiweni kwezimbali zokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ehlobo, lapho elahlekelwa ukuhlobisa, esikhundleni sakhe kukhona abashayeli bezindiza. Kepha ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ungathola ukuqhakaza ehlobo nasekwindla sekwephuzile. Kulokhu, ama-pansies ayipulasitiki kakhulu, awakheki futhi kulula isiko lesitshalo. Amapayipi asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngembewu nokusikwa okuluhlaza. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sezimbali okuhloswe ngaso, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ukuthola izimbali zokuqala kwentwasahlobo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ehlobo lonyaka owedlule.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, ngokwesibonelo, eduze naseLeningrad naseMurmansk, ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni evulekile (izithombo zokubeletha) kwenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaJulayi ukuze izitshalo zingakhuli kakhulu, azinkulu kakhulu, futhi aziqhakaze ekwindla.
I-Wittrock violet, noma ipanishi yengadi (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09Amapayipi ayizitshalo ezinobusika obunzima, kodwa eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kepha kwesinye isikhathi emendweni ophakathi nendawo, ziyaqandisa bese zibuna. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezindaweni ezishisayo nalapho isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa sephulwa. Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, izithombo ziyaqhakaza ekwindla kanye nasemaxholweni. Izitshalo ezinjalo zingena ebusika sezenziwe buthaka, zibekezelela ubusika kahle futhi zivame ukubuna. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthuthuke kahle, kepha ungakhuli kakhulu futhi ungabi buthaka yizitshalo eziqhakaza ukwindla ubekezelela okungcono, ungaphalazi, futhi uqhume kahle entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Kamuva, izitshalo ezithambile, izitshalo zingena ebusika ziqine, zingakhuli ngokwanele. Kusebusika kubi kakhulu futhi kuqhakaza entwasahlobo kamuva. Ubusika obuneqhwa obunamafrimu anamandla buthinta ubusika bama-pansies. Intwasahlobo iyabulala ikakhulukazi, lapho iqhwa lincibilika ekuseni kakhulu, kuqala amathile, kanti ebusuku - iqhwa elinamandla. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe ukugcinwa kweqhwa emigodini ngama-pansies. Akwabekezelelwa kahle yizindawo ezinamanzi aphansi futhi ikakhulukazi amanzi asentwasahlobo.
Ukuthola izithombo, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kwizithombo noma emigqonyeni ephathwe kahle ngemigqa, imbewu ayihlwanyelwanga ngokulandelana, izithombo ziyavela ngosuku lwe-6-14. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile: ukuthambisa, ukutshala imigqa ye-spacings. Amahlumela atshalwe kwamanye amabala noma izithombo zokudla, lapho kufanele khona ubusika. Ibanga lapho ukukha kwenziwa kwenziwe ama-20 x 20 cm.Okuthwetshulwa kumele kwenziwe ngendlela yesikhathi, kugweme ukwelula nokugcwala ngokweqile kwezithombo.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo, izitshalo ngokushesha ziqala ukukhula futhi ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukusheshisa izimbali, imibhede ingambozwa ngefilimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Esimweni sezimbali, amapani adluliselwa emibhedeni yezimbali. Ukuhlobisa amafasitela namakholoni, atshalwe emabhodweni noma emabhokisini wezimbali.
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala ezindaweni zobhaliso kuqukethe ukhula oluhlelekile kanye nokukhulula. Uma kunesidingo, amanzi kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane. Kuyasiza ukondla izithombo nge-ammonium nitrate bese wengeza i-superphosphate (20-40 g nge-1 m2). Amapayipi awakwazi ukuma umquba omusha. Ukwelula izimbali ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukususa zonke izimbali eziqothulayo ukuze kubambezele ukukhula kwesithelo, ngoba lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwe, izitshalo ziyeka ukuqhakaza.
Emhlabathini ompofu, owomile, onesihlabathi, amapani asheshe abe mancane, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezinkulu. Umanyolo we-organic ngesimo somquba kanye ne-humus (ama-5 kg nge-1 m2) kumele usetshenziswe kuleyo nhlabathi; umquba omusha awunconywa. Endaweni enelanga, izimbali ze-pansy zakha ezinkulu futhi zikhanya. Emthunzini oyingxenye, ziyaqhakaza isikhashana, kepha ampofu, izimbali zincanyana futhi azikhanyi kangako.
I-Wittrock violet, noma ipanishi yengadi (lat.Viola × wittrokiana). © 4028mdk09Ehlobo, lapho amapani aqhuma futhi alahlekelwe ukuhlobisa kwawo, ayembiwa futhi afakwe esikhundleni sehlobo.
Ukuthola imbewu ngenani lezitshalo ezimbiwe, izinhlobo ezikhethiwe eziqinile kakhulu ezikhethiwe zikhethiwe futhi zitshalwe emigqeni yembewu (zidlulisa kalula esifundeni sezimbali). Ukunisela kuyadingeka. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amapani ayizitshalo eziwela impova, lapho ewatshala ezinhlanyelweni, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kokunye okuhlukile kokunye. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole imbewu ebangeni eliphakeme. Ukuqoqwa kwembewu kumele kuqale lapho amaphilisi esaphenduka aphuzi, uma kungenjalo azosheshe aqhekeke bese imbewu isiphala.
Uma kufiswa, amapani angenziwa njengesiko lonyaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu yokuhlwanyelwa yenziwa ngoMashi ku abamba ukushisa noma egumbini endishini, amabhokisi dive. Ngo-Ephreli, bangena ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, bese ngoMeyi bangene emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ama-pansies akhombisa ukuqhakaza okuhlala isikhathi eside ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo. Kepha ngokuya ngobuningi nosayizi wezimbali, isiko lonyaka liphansi kakhulu ezitshalweni ezikhule kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni ihlobo konyaka odlule.
Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali zasekwindla, ama-pansies atshalwa ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, ngosuku lwama-55 kuya ku-70 aluqhakaza.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor) © Guilherme Augusto OliveiraUkuzala
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yindlela yokusasaza yezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid yamapani - ukusika okuluhlaza emhlabathini ovulekile. Ilula, iyasebenza futhi ngasikhathi sinye ikuvumela ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo zihlanzekile, uthole izinto eziningi zokutshala ehlobo elilodwa. Izilimo zithathwa ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi ngo-2 kuya ku-3 imithamo. Zonke amahlumela amaqabunga aluhlaza anezindawo ezingama-2 kuya ku-3 kufanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezindaweni ezinezithunzi, ezinamanzi amancane (ngaphansi kophahla lwezihlahla) zenza imigodi ephansi. Zigcwele phama futhi ziyaniselwa.
Ama-cutways atshalwe afinyelela ku-0.5 cm, ngokuqinile, ukuze amaqabunga wokusika okukodwa axhumane namaqabunga omunye. Izingcezu ezingama-400 zitshalwa ngemitha yesikwere. Ngemuva kokutshala, fafaza ngamanzi.
Ngezinsuku zokuqala, ukuze kugwemeke ukuqothuka, ukusika okutshaliwe kufanele kumbozwe ngephepha elinganyiswe ngamanzi, kudale indawo enomswakama kakhudlwana, okufaka isandla ekugxilweni ngokushesha kwegazi. Ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukuthambisa nsuku zonke, ukufafaza, ukhula. Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu kuya kwayi-4, ukusikeka kunika i-95 - 100% ukhula lwenhliziyo. Ngokuqala (Meyi, Juni) ngokuxhunyelelwa, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ehlobo noma ekwindla kwalowo nyaka. Izilimo ezizayo kamuva zinikeza izimbali eziningi entwasahlobo konyaka olandelayo.
Izithombo ezisikiwe zinzelwe ekwindla kuya emigqonyeni noma emibhedeni yezimbali. Ngama-cuttings sekwephuze kakhulu (Agasti), izitshalo ezinezimpande zingcono kakhulu kwesokunxele ebusika kulezo zinquma, zizimboze ngeqabunga ebusika. Izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo.
Ukusakazwa kwama-pansies e-hybrid asikiwe ngokuluhlaza okusabalalisa kuhlinzeka ngokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo ezivame ukukhula kakhulu ngonyaka wesithathu ngezindleko zezimbali. Cishe ukusikwa okungu-10 kunganqunywa esitshalweni esisodwa se-uterine ngesinyathelo esisodwa, futhi ehlobo - ama-30 - ama-45 ama-pcs.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor) © www.vacacionesbulgaria.comIzinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezincane zezimbali.
- Umfana o-Blue - Izimbali ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nobubanzi be-3-4 cm; I-Snow Maiden - izimbali ezimhlophe, ubude obu-3 - 4 cm.
- IHood Little Riding Hood - Izimbali zibomvu ngokugqamile, ububanzi buyi-3.5 - 4 cm.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezimbali ezinkulu.
- Inkosi ye-Ice - imbali imhlophe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi. Ezingaphansi ezintathu zamaphara kukhona amabala ansomi, imiphetho imbala. Umbali esihlahleni eside (8-10 cm), aze abe ngu-5 cm ubukhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungama-20 'cm.
- Ilanga lasebusika - imbali iphuzi eliqhakazile, kuma-petals amathathu aphansi kukhona izindawo ezimnyama ze-velvet-brown, imiphetho azilingani. Umbali esihlahleni eside (8 - 10 cm), cm 5 cm. Bush ukuphakama 20 cm.
- INdlovukazi yaseZulwini - umbala wembali lapho iqhakaza icishe ibe msulwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elangeni liyashisa futhi lithole ilambu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imbali ifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-4.5 - 5 cm. Imiphetho yamaphalishi nayo, i-peduncle yinde-9 cm cm. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungama-20 cm.
- Umlingo kaMartha - Imbali ingwephuzi elimnyama, elinokuqhakaza okugcwele cishe kombala omnyama. Ama-petals ayivelivethi, - imiphetho injalo. Imbali 5 - 5,5 cm ubukhulu, ama-peduncle ubude (9-10 cm). Bush ukuphakama 20 cm.
- I-Jupiter - phansi kwembali, amacembe aphezulu angensomi-onsomi, mhlophe phezulu. Umbala wamaphilisi amathathu aphansi ubuye uphuzi-violet, imiphetho yamaphalishi nayo, izisekelo zifushane (7 - 8 cm). Bush ukuphakama 20 cm.
- Ukushisa kwakusihlwa - imbali ibomvu ngombala obomvu, ezinhlwini ezintathu eziphansi kunezindawo ezimnyama uma ziqhathaniswa nesendlalelo esikhulu, imiphetho yamaphalishi iwavy kancane, i-peduncle yinde (9-10 cm). Imbali ifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-5 - 5.5 cm. Isihlahla siphansi 10 - 15 cm.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu.
- Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - imbali inombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabala amnyama onsomi kumaphethelo amathathu aphansi, imiphetho yephalishi nayo, imbali ingububanzi obungu-6 - 7 cm, kwi-peduncle ende (10 - 11 cm). Bush ukuphakama 25 cm.
- Okumhlophe - imbali imhlophe ngopende ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi, ifinyelela ku-6-7 cm ubukhulu, imiphetho yamaphalishi iwavy kancane, i-peduncle yinde (9-10 cm). Isihlahla siphakeme ngo-20 cm.
- Uphuzi wegolide - imbali iyi-monophonic, ephuzi yegolide, ifinyelela ububanzi obungu-6 - 7 cm, imiphetho yamaphalishi nayo, i-peduncle yinde (10-12 cm). Bush ukuphakama 20 cm.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor) © Joan SimonIzinkinga ezingaba khona
Kuma-pansies of pansies, amehlo angathinta ama-aphid, ama-scoops, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izidakamizwa ezifanele. Kulezi zifo ezephula ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, umlenze omnyama, izimpande kanye nesiqu sokubola, amabala, umgubo we-powdery ungakhula.
Ngenxa yokungabekezeleleki kwayo nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi, ama-pansies atshalwa kumakhabethe ezimbali nakuma-balcony amakhabethe, ukuhlobisa ukutshala kwezimbali ze-anyanisi nezilayidi ze-alpine. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, bayokujabulisa ngezimbali zabo kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwedlule.
Amapayipi (Viola tricolor) © chätzleKukhona inganekwane yokuthi, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokulinda, intombazane ethembekile u-Anyuta, owake wachitha umkhwenyana evikela izwe lakubo, ongazange abuye futhi, waguquka waba lembali. Futhi manje, njengaseminyakeni eminingi edlule, kunamapani eduze komgwaqo, athembela 'ukubheka' ebangeni.
