U-Actinidia ungowomndeni wezidakamizwa ezinjengezihlahla ezinjengomuthi nomndeni wakwa-Actinidian. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, leli liana lingatholakala eHimalayas, Southeast Asia naseMpumalanga Ekude. IChina ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-actinidia. Njengoba abantu abaningi bazi, i-kiwi iyisihlobo esiseduzane kakhulu se-actinidia, kepha i-kiwi yethu ayikhuli, iyaqhuma, okungenakushiwo nge-actinidia. Ngesikhathi esisodwa, cishe ngo-1910, u-Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin waba ngokoqobo nothando lwe-actinidia. Wayezibandakanya nalesi siko impilo yakhe yonke futhi wancoma i-actinidia kangangoba wabheka amasiko anjengama-gooseberry namagilebhisi njengento yesibili futhi edinga ukumiselelwa yi-actinidia.
Fruiting actinidia.
Njengamanje, i-Actinidia ikhula ikakhulukazi ezingadini zomkhakha ozimele. Akukho zindawo zezitshalo ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwezitshalo eRussia. Ngokwesiko, uvame ukuthola izinhlobo ze-actinidia - ingxabano, isithembu, iGiraldi ne-colomict, kanye ne-hybrid. Iningi lesikhala sisetshenziselwe ngqo actinidia colomict, ngoba lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuqina kobusika obukhulu kanye nokunciphisa okuhlobene nezimo ezikhulayo, i-actinidia yengxabano nesithembu nayo isikhulile enkabeni yeRussia.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-actinidia
Actinidia colomictus (Actinidia kolomikta) - i-liana kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayishumi ubude obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-2-3. I-variegation ibonakala ngokucacile: ichopho leqabunga lishintsha umbala kusuka kumhlophe qhwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya okusajingijolo okhanyayo - ekugcineni. Izimbali zalolu hlobo zinamakha kakhulu. Isisindo sezithelo sifinyelela ku-6 g.
I-Actinidia i-acute, noma Impikiswano ka-Actinidia (I-Actinidia arguta) - Leli liana elinamandla kunawo wonke, lingakhula lide ngamashumi amathathu amamitha. Ezitshalweni zisehlathini endle, ububanzi besiqu bufika ku-20 cm. Isitshalo si-dioecious (abantu besilisa nabesifazane bakhula ngokuhlukile). Izithelo zifinyelela isisindo esingu-6 g, zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
I-Actinidia isithembu (Actinidia polygama) - ifinyelela ubude bamamitha amahlanu. Ububanzi besiqu bungamasentimitha angama-2-3. Ubuningi bezithelo bufika ku-3 g. Ngokuvamile buhlangene ne-actinidia colomict, kepha isithembu sincane ebusika.
Colomict actinidia bush elinamaqabunga eshintsha imibala.
Actinidia Giraldi (Actinidia arguta var. giraldii) - Ifana ne-Actinidia agumenti, kepha inezithelo ezikhulu futhi ezithandekayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola lezi zitshalo ngokwemvelo.
I-Actinidia Purple (Actinidia arguta var. i-Purpurea) - Igama lakhe ngombala onsomi wezithelo. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi cishe kusebusika-Hardy. Izithelo ziyimaroon, enesisindo esingu-5.0 g.
I-Actinidia Hybrid iyi-hybrid ye-arguta ne-actinidia onsomi. Umphumela waba ukuhlanzela ubusika obuqinile obunezithelo ezinkulu.
Njengamanje, i-actinidia: IGiraldi, nsomi kanye ne-hybrid kwezomnotho wezentengiselwano, zithathwa njengezingaphansi kwengxabano ka-Actinidia (Actinidia arguta)
Incazelo ye-Actinidia
Njengoba sazi kakade, i-actinidia ingumvini, inezici ezinamaqabunga amaqabunga, imvamisa mncane futhi inesikhumba, ipendiwe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yeqabunga empompini limhlophe, kungathi lifakwa ngopende omhlophe, phakathi nenkathi le ndawo iphenduka ipinki. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngale ndlela i-actinidia idonsela izimbali izimbali zayo, yona, ngendlela, enephunga elimnandi eliyisimanga (ikakhulukazi ku-Colomict actinidia), ekhumbula ukunuka kwephunga le-jasmine, kodwa kube "kunnandi" kuphela. Iziqu namahlumela we-actinidia mncane impela, adinga ukwesekwa okuphoqelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho azosakazeka emhlabathini, aqine futhi alahlekelwe ukubukeka kwawo kokuhlobisa. Izinso zithakazelela i-actinidia, zifihlwe esibondeni samaqabunga amaqabunga bese kuthi ithiphu iguqulwe.
Umfana noma intombazane?
I-Actinidia isitshalo esijwayelekile, okungukuthi, kwisitshalo esisodwa singaba khona ngokushesha lapho izimbali zesilisa, ngakho-ke zesifazane kuphela, njengezimbali ze-sea sihlahla sivame ukwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno, abamele bobabili ubulili be-actinidia kumele bafike esizeni. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abantu abanezimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane, kepha akufanelekile ukuba sengozini, kungcono ukuthemba ochwepheshe lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi ubulili i-actinidia yisithombo esiphambi kwakho, ungavele ngesikhathi sezimbali ngokubhekisisa izimbali: izinhlobonhlobo zesifazane azivamisile ukuba nezinsikazi, nezinhlobo zabesilisa zinepistil. Kodwa-ke, kunezimbali zabesifazane ezinamanqina, kepha ezingakhuli kahle, zinempova oyinyumba (engaphili), kanti ipistil ithuthukiswa kangcono kakhulu.
Izimbali ze-Actinidia zakha amazembe amaqabunga amaqabunga. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, akuvamile ukuba uqaphele izimbali, njengokungathi zifihlwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwenza imbali noma ukudubula okumangazayo, udinga ukukhulisa ingxenye yomvini. Ama-Actinidia aqhakaza isikhathi eside impela, kodwa kuya ngesimo sezulu: uma kushisa, khona-ke izimbali zijabulisa iso isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, uma lipholile, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kuyakhanya, iphunga linamandla, futhi lihlala izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngemuva kokuvota, i-ovary iqala ukukhula, okugcina kuphenduka izithelo ezincane ze-actinidia ende futhi imvamisa umbala ojulile oluhlaza.
Izithelo ze-actinidia zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla, lapho sezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, zithambisa futhi zidliwe. Ukunambitheka kufana nokuthile phakathi kwe-kiwi ne-sitrobheli yasendle, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nephunga le-sitrobheli elishiwoyo. I-berry ngayinye iyisitolo samavithamini namaminerali, kepha kunezithelo eziningi ze-ascorbic acid Actinidia - kuze kube yi-3000 mg%, esiseduze nenkomba yama-rosehip.
Izimbali ezi-flowinidia.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia
I-Actinidia ingatshalwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha, uma unikezwe izimpande zaseningizimu zalesi sitshalo, kungcono ukuthi usenze entwasahlobo. Sincoma ukuthi ukhethe izithombo ze-actinidia ezineminyaka okungenani emibili zokutshala enkulisa, iqiniso liwukuthi izingane ezinonyaka owodwa ziba nezimpande ezingezinhle bese kuthi ukukhula kwesithombo kube ngcono. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukuthenga isithombo ngesistimu yezimpande evaliwe eneminyaka emithathu noma emine, ithuba lokuthi lizothatha izimpande, kulokhu kuleliphezulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi uthenge isihlahla se-actinidia, udinga ukukhetha indawo enhle ongayitshala kuyo. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo evulekile futhi enokhanyayo kakhulu, eyisicaba, ngaphandle kokucindezelwa nokucindezelwa, ngezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba elingasondeli ngaphezu kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngokufanelekile, uma udonga lwendlu noma uthango luzovikela isitshalo se-actinidia ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Vele, udinga ukukhetha indawo enokwazi ukufaka izisekelo ngokuzayo, okungukuthi, kufanele kube khona isikhala esiningi samahhala. Ngokunikezwa izeluleko zabachwepheshe, akufanele utshale i-actinidia eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu, isibonelo, izihlahla zama-apula, ngoba uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande zesihlahla luzodla umswakama omningi kanye nezakhi zomhlabathi bese zivimbela umvini. I-Actinidia ingatshalwa kahle eduze nezihlahlana, ngeke kube nokulimala kulokhu kusuka komunye umuntu.
Ngokuqondene nohlobo lomhlabathi, inketho efanelekile, yiqiniso, inhlabathi ihamba, inempilo, inomswakama omningi futhi ingathathi hlangothi.
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo i-Actinidia
Ngakho-ke, intwasahlobo isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-actinidia. Qiniseka ukuthi wenze lokhu ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke, kungenjalo i-seedling kungenzeka ingabi nezimpande. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi endaweni ekhethiwe kufanele ibunjiwe ibe yicanonet ephelele yamafosholo ngokukhethwa kokhula kanye nokutshala umquba noma ama-2- 3 kg womquba noma i-humus engu-250- 300 g womlotha wezinkuni kanye nesipuni se-nitroammophoska enhlabathini. Lapho inhlabathi isilungile, ungaqala ukumba imigodi yokutshala. Udinga ukuzimba ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokutshala, futhi kunqunywa ngohlobo lokutshala oluhlwanyelayo. Uma ufaka i-actinidia yengxabano esakhiweni, umvini omelele kakhulu awusona isizotha ngosayizi, khona-ke ungashiya imitha nesigamu noma izikhala ezimbili zamahhala ezingcono phakathi kwemigodi, futhi uma utshala i-actinidia colomict (isithembu, iGiraldi, i-hybrid), esikhula kancane kunokuphikisana, khona-ke Ungashiya imitha. Uma kwenzeka unquma ukuzungeza i-arbor ngomvini, udonga lwendlu noma uthango, ungatshala izitshalo kaningi, ushiye phakathi kwazo u-75-80 cm. Akufanelekile ukutshala kaningi, ngoba kuzoba nzima ukunakekela izitshalo, ama-lianas angahlotshaniswa, ahlukane umngani.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, lungisa izithombo ze-actinidia, uzihlole ngokucophelela, uma ubona ukuthi amahlumela aphukile bese uwasusa. Faka izimpande kwisikhulumi kusuka kungxube yobumba nenhlabathi yezakhi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izindawo zemigodi yesikhathi esizayo zimakiwe, zingaqala ukumba. Ubukhulu bemigodi buvame ngokuya ngevolumu yohlelo lwezithombo, uma isithombo se-actinidia sincane nezimpande zaso sincane, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokumba umgodi omkhulu. Into esemqoka ukuwumbela ngosayizi ukuze izimpande zilingane ngokukhululekile emgodini, kunendawo yokukhipha udaka kusuka kubumba olunwetshiwe, amatshe amatshe noma isitini esiqhekekile phansi, isendlalelo esingamasentimitha ambalwa, nangamakhilogremu ambalwa enhlanganisela yenhlabathi enezakhi kanye nama-humus ngokulingana okulinganayo, ngokufakwa I-45-50 g ye-ammonium nitrate, i-120-130 g ye-superphosphate ne-50-100 g yokhuni lomlotha. Ngemuva kwalokho, cishe isigamu sebhakede lamanzi singathululelwa emgodini bese isithombo singafakwa emhlabathini onempilo futhi omanzi, usabalalisa izimpande ngokucophelela. Kusala ukugcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, uqiniseke ukuthi i-actinidia yisithombo (noma kunalokho impande yayo yomsuka) ekujuleni okufanayo njengaphambilini kokuba ikhulele enkulisa, icwecwe umhlabathi, uthele ibhakede lamanzi bese mulch ingaphezulu nge-1 cm ungqimba lwe-humus.
Ngemuva kokutshala isikhathi esingangenyanga udinga ukugoqa isithombo kusuka elangeni eliqondile futhi alivikele emakati, ayalithanda iphunga le-Actinidia futhi angadla isithombo.
Isitshalo se-Autumn sokutshala
Izinto ezifihliwe zokutshala i-actinidia ziyefana nasentwasahlobo, into esemqoka ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokubeka isithombo endaweni ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20.
Ihlathi le-Actinidia.
Ukuxhaswa kwe-actinidia
Lapho umlingisi we-actinidia ehlala kule ndawo amasizini amabili noma amathathu, nakanjani uzodinga ukuxhaswa, vele ungakufaka masinyane noma ukutshala isithombo ngethemba lokuthi umvini uzonamathela kusekela elikhona ngesimo sodonga lwendlu, uthango nezinye izinto. Uma sikhuluma ngokuxhaswa okufakwayo, khona-ke kungaba yibuphi uhlobo - njenge-arch noma i-pergola, noma nje izinsika ezinezintambo ezintathu noma ezine zocingo ezelulwe phakathi kwabo, lapho izikebhe ziyobe zihamba kancane kancane bese zibopha kuzo nge-twine ejwayelekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Actinidia
Ukunakekela i-actinidia akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Emgogodleni wayo, yilezi zinqubo ezijwayelekile: ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukususa ukhula, ukuchelela, ukufaka umquba, ukugawula, ukufuya, ukuvuna.
Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi
Kungcono ukukhulula inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-actinidia eminyakeni yokuqala engama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala isithombo, khona-ke i-liana izokhula futhi isidingo sokukhulula sinyamalale sisodwa. Esigabeni sokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi ngemuva kwemvula enkulu noma ukuthambisa, ukuvikela ukwakheka kokuqhekeka.
Ukulawula ukhula
Udinga ukulwa nokhula eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu ngemuva kokutshala, kamuva, ukhula lungagawulwa kalula endaweni eseduze nomlomo.
Ukunisela kuka-Actinidia
I-Actinidia iyawuthanda umswakama, kepha olinganiselayo, akunandlela yokucindezela inhlabathi. Ungavumeli ukoma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi. Kungcono ukwenza ukuchelela ngesomiso, uthele amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngaphansi kwesitshalo. Uthanda i-actinidia nama-bathes, cishe kanye ngeviki kusihlwa ungayinisela kahle ngokufafaza, uncibilikisa ubukhulu beqabunga leqabunga. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungazami ukuhambisa amanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, lokhu kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqothula.
Yondla i-Actinidia
Ukondla i-actinidia akugcini nje ngokuvumela amahlumela ukuthi akhule futhi akhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi kwandisa umkhiqizo, kanye nokubekezelela isomiso nobulukhuni besikhathi sobusika. Entwasahlobo, i-actinidia ngokukhethekile idla umanyolo we-nitrogen, phosphorus kanye ne-potassium. Ungasebenzisa zombili i-nitroammophoskos (isipuni sesitshalo ngasinye), nezinto zomuntu ngamunye - 25-30 g we-nitrogen, 18-25 g we-phosphorus kanye ne-12-20 g we-potassium. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu lapho nje amaqanda esanda kuqala ukwakha; Umanyolo we-nitrogen uyadingeka ngobuningi obukhulu, i-16-19 g yanele, kepha i-phosphorus ne-potassium zingaba ngaphezulu - 20-22 g kwisitshalo ngasinye. Isikhathi sokugcina ku-actinidia yesizini singondliwa ngemuva kokuvunwa, lokhu kucishe kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. Umanyolo weNitrogen awunakusetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi, ungangeza isipuni se-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Izichumisi zisetshenziswa kangcono ngendlela efakwe emanzini, uma isetshenzisiwe yomile, bese kuqala uthukulula inhlabathi bese uyithela ngamanzi, bese ibekelwa nge-mulch nge-1 cm sentimitha.
I-Trinming Actinidia
I-Actinidia ikhula ngenkuthalo, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini onempilo, ngakho-ke ingaqala ukuqina. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile anciphise i-actinidia, okufanele iqalwe kusuka onyakeni wesine wokuphila wesithombo esizeni. I-trinming actinidia yenziwa kangcono ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ayikho imiyalo ecacile, udinga nje ukuhlola i-trellis, ubone ukuthi yimaphi amahlumela ancintisana, aphazamise, aqine. Uma ubona amahlumela owomile, khona-ke kufanele asikwe ngokushesha. Uma ubona amahlumela angavuthiwe ngamathiphu aluhlaza, kungcono ukuwancwina, ukuze abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Lapho nje i-liana ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12 kuya kweyishumi nambili, ungaqhubeka nokuqhekeka okudala ukuguga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufiseleka ukunqamula i-Actinidia ngokuqinile, kushiya kuphela ingxenye yokukhula ubude obungu-30-40 cm kusuka emhlabathini. Ukuthenwa okudala ukuguga kwaleli banga lamandla kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Fruiting actinidia.
Ukuvunwa kuka-Actinidia
Uma wenza konke kahle, khona-ke i-actinidia izoqala ukukhiqiza izilimo esevele ineminyaka emithathu, ngesinye isikhathi ingamemezela ngemuva konyaka. Vele, ekuqaleni kuzoba amajikijolo ambalwa nje, khona-ke isivuno siyoqala ukukhula futhi sifinyelele lapho siphezulu ngeminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa futhi ngesikhathi sokuthenwa okuhleliwe kokulwa nokuguga, umvini ungathela izithelo amashumishumi eminyaka.
Enhlabathini enhle, enempilo, enomswakama omningi nokunakekelwa okuhle, i-actinidia izokhiqiza esihlahleni esisodwa kuze kufike kumashumi ayisithupha amakhilogremu ezithelo ezimnandi. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, kwesinye isikhathi ukuze kuqoqwe isivuno sonke, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa ukuvuna okuhlanu. Musa ukujaha bese ukhetha amajikijolo okuqala avuthiwe we-Actinidia, ungalinda kancane bese uvuna ngemithamo emibili noma emithathu, kepha akufanele uqinise kakhulu, amajikijolo angaphezulu kokuqala angaqala ukubhoboka. Izithelo zokuqala ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-actinidia zivame ukuvuthwa maphakathi no-Agasti, owokugcina angatholakala emvinini nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Masinyane ngemuva kokuqoqa isivuno sonke, i-liana ingondliwa, kungaba ngomlotha wezinkuni ongaba ngu-250-300 g esihlahleni noma isipuni sikasawoti we-potassium ne-superphosphate ngaphansi kwesihlahla kufanele lokhu.
Ukulungiselela i-actinidia ebusika
I-Colomict actinidia isiko elinobusika obunzima, esifundeni eseningizimu sivumela ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kepha uma ukhula uhlobo oluhlukile noma uhlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kuzofanela ufihle i-Actinidia. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cishe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esipholile, umvini kufanele ususwe kwizisekelo zawo bese ubekwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imivini kufanele imbozwe ngamaqabunga omile noma ngamagatsha ayi-spruce spruce. Ukumboza i-Actinidia, ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi impahla esembozekayo efana ne-lutrasil. Into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa amagundane, ngalezi zinhloso kubalulekile ukubeka amabheyithi anobuthi ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela noma eduze kwayo. Kuzokwazi ukususa indawo yokukhosela entwasahlobo, lapho kusungulwa indawo yokushisa ezinzile, enkabeni yeRussia lena inyanga ka-Ephreli.
Ukuzala kwe-Actinidia
Uma ufuna ukusabalalisa isitshalo esijwayelekile ngenkathi kulondolozwa zonke izici zakhona zamasiko, kuzodingeka usebenzise izindlela zokusabalalisa zemvelo kuphela.Lokhu kungasakazwa ngokuhlelwa (ngokuvamile okwakhiwe), kanye nokusikwa okuluhlaza okotshani noma okwenziwe lignified.
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe i-actinidia ngezendlalelo ezihlukanisayo
Le ndlela yokusabalalisa i-actinidia ilula impela futhi iqinisekisa ukutholwa kwenani elincane, kodwa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokutshala. Baqala ukusakazeka ngale ndlela entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho amabala amaqabunga evulekile. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ihlumela elide kunazo zonke, elincane futhi elithuthuke kahle le-actinidia, bese ulinyaza ngomqhele waso emhlabathini bese usiphina ngokhonkolo wokhuni noma wensimbi. Indawo enamathiselwe ngokwayo idinga ukumbozwa ngenhlabathi, ungqimba lwe-12-14 cm, emva kwalokho kufanele iniswe kakhulu (amalitha ama-3-5 amanzi), indunduma eyakhiwe kusuka ekuhlumeni kufanele ifakwe mulched, ingafakwa nge-sawdust, noma ibe yi-humus. Into esemqoka ukuthi ingaphezulu lehlumela ngokwayo akufanele limbozwe ngenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga ukunisela inhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla se-actinidia bese ufambisa umswakama, kanye nokulwa nokhula. Isendlalelo, esizovela ngokusobala ekuhlolweni kukamama, sisindwa, kufanele sihlukaniswe, sizame ukungalimazi izimpande ezincane futhi sitshalwe endaweni engapheli. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-actinidia ukusikwa okuluhlaza
Le ndlela yokusabalalisa i-actinidia isebenza kakhulu ngokulandela ukutholakala kokutshala, noma kunjalo, idinga ukuba khona kwegreenhouse embozwe ifilimu. Imvamisa ukukhula okuncane kusikwa futhi kusikwe kube yizingcezu ezisikiwe eziyi-12-16 cm ubude cishe phakathi noJuni, yize imigomo, ngokuya ngesifunda, nayo ingaguqukela endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye. Izimbambo ze-Actinidia kufanele zisikwe esimweni sezulu esinamafu nasekuseni, lapho zigcwaliswa umswakama. Zama ukusika izingcezu ukuze ngamunye abe nezithelo ezintathu kanye ne-awiriode. Ngokufanelekile, isigaba esingezansi kufanele sihambe ngqo ngaphansi kwezinso futhi sibe yi-oblique, nge-angle engu-45 degrees, kepha engaphezulu kufanele senziwe amasentimitha ambalwa ukuphakama kunso, kungaba ngisho noma sibukeke. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukususa wonke amaqabunga ngaphandle kwesixhaxha esikwele umqhele noma esisodwa uma sikhulu kakhulu. Awukwazi ukusula amaqabunga, kepha uwasika. Lapho ama-cutisidia we-Actinidia esekulungele ukutshala, angathanjiswa ngesisombululo esanoma ikuphi ukukhula (izimpande nokunye), noma kutshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa kungafakwanga. Ku-greenhouse, ngaleso sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi, okufanele ibe nezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, umhlaba wesod nesihlabathi somfula. Ngokwesisekelo sale ngxube udinga ukubeka amanzi, ngesimo sobumba olwandisiwe, amasentimitha ambalwa awugqinsi. Ngaphezulu kwengxube udinga ukuthulula isihlabathi somfula ngobukhulu obungama-2-3 cm bese uyiswilisa kahle. Kukule ngxube lapho ukusikwa kwe-actinidia kuzongena. Kuhlala kuphela ukuchelela inhlabathi kahle futhi utshale izingqimba, ukujula ngo-2-2,5 cm ngokohlelo lwe-5x5 cm. Ngokulandelayo, uzodinga ukubheka umswakama womhlabathi ku-greenhouse, uvame ukuniselwa: ekushiseni izikhathi eziyi-6 kuya ku-7 ngosuku, futhi esimweni sezulu esinamafu - Izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngosuku. Kuhle uma unethuba lokufaka kokunisela okuzenzakalelayo ku-greenhouse, uma kungenjalo, lapho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi kuthengiswe amanzi avela enkonjeni enamanzi amakhulu anezivulekile ezincane futhi asebenzise amanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Imvamisa, ekwindla, ifomu lempande eligcwele elisikiwe kusikezi se-actinidia, kodwa akusiluleki ukumba ngaphandle kwegreenhouse ekwindla. I-greenhouse idinga ukuvulwa, izitshalo ezizimele sezivele zifakwe ngamaqabunga omile futhi zishiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngentwasahlobo, ukusika kwe-actinidia ngezimpande kufanele kugaywe ngokucophelela futhi kutshalwe embhedeni onenhlabathi evulekile futhi enempilo ngokusho kwephethini le-10x10 cm lwenye inkathi, ukuze ikhule, emva kwalokho izithombo zeminyaka emibili ze-actinidia zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa kwe-actinidia ngo-cuttings lignified
Le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba izimpande ezisikiwe ezingcolile ziba zimbi kakhulu, kodwa futhi zinikeza umphumela omuhle. Ukuvunwa kwe-actinidia ukusika kwe-lignified, ngokungafani nalokho okuluhlaza, akufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kodwa cishe ekwindla. Ngemuva kokuvunwa kokusikwa okungama-12-15 cm ubude, njengawo aluhlaza, kufanele afakwe ngokuqondile emabhokisini bese embozwe ngesihlabathi somfula. Ama-Shank kufanele agcinwe endaweni ephansi yokushisa + ama-degrees angama-2-4. Uma ingekho indawo yokugcina, lapho-ke ama-cutinidia angasika ngaphambi kokutshala, okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika, kepha kubalulekile impela ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula. Okulandelayo, ukusika kwentwasahlobo kudinga ukutshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa enengxube efanayo nenezihlahla eziluhlaza, kodwa kufanele ziniselwe kaningi - imvamisa kanye ngosuku. Ekwindla, ukusikwa kwe-actinidia kufanele kube nezimpande, kungcono futhi ukuzimba bese uzitshale embhedeni ukuze zikhule entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo ze-Actinidia
Ukubhaliswa Kwombuso njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingama-44 zalesi siko esimangalisayo. Okokuqala, kufanele unake izindaba, lezi zinhlobo zama-Actinidia: Dachnaya (2016), Kivaldi (2016), Red Maiden (2017), Monti S (2016), Solnechny (2016), Hayward Russian (2016) no-Allison (2016) .
Cabanga ngalezi zinhlobo ngemininingwane eminingi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia "Izwe" - etholwe ngengxabano ye-actinidia, kunobusika obukhulu kakhulu futhi ayidingi indawo yokuhlala enkabeni yeRussia. Amahlamvu amaqabunga awanayo i-visualgation. Ubuningi bezithelo bubalelwa ku-9.7 g, ubukhulu bufika ku-13.6 g. Izithelo ziluhlaza ngombala, ziba nombala obukhulu obukhulu besikhumba. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kepha i-acid izwakala, ngakho-ke isilinganiso samakhosi ngamaphuzu angama-4.7. Izithelo empeleni azikhuli. Ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo.
Izwe lase-Actinidia Izwe.
Okuhlukahlukene kuka-Actinidia "Kivaldi" - ilungele kakhulu isifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus. Akukho ukwehluka. Dinga ama-pollinators. Izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, zifinyelela kuma-gramu ayi-101, umbala umdaka omnyama, ubumbeke ngokushekile, unobumba obuningi futhi unesikhumba esincane. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kulinganiselwa kuma-4.8 amaphuzu. Maye, ayinayo ubusika bunzima.
Okuhlukahlukene kwe-Actinidia "Red Maiden" - itholakala ku-actinidia yesithembu. Ukuhlukahluka okuqinile kwamaqabunga amaqabunga. Izithelo ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-5.7 g, umbala wazo ungumbala wewolintshi, ukwakheka kungo-cylindrical, isikhumba sezithelo sinciphile. Ukunambitheka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-acid, kodwa okusha, ngakho-ke amaphuzu wokunambitha ngamaphuzu angama-4.6. Izinhlobonhlobo azidingi indawo yokuhlala, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo.
Okuhlukahlukene kwe-Actinidia "Monti S" - Le nhlobonhlobo imelana nobusika kancane futhi ilungele isifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus. Izithelo zifinyelela isisindo esingama-85 g, zinombala onsundu ngombala ne-obovate ekwakhekeni, zinobuso obuqinile besikhumba kanye nomzimba omncane. Izithelo zomhluzi azikho. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu - kuze kube ngamaphuzu angama-4,9. Izinhlobo zokungcolisa ziyadingeka.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Actinidia "ILanga" - okunhlobonhlobo kwengxabano ye-actinidia, kunobusika-hardy ngokwanele ukukwenza ngaphandle kokukhosela enkabeni yeRussia. Ungumvikeli omuhle, wona uqobo awutheleli izithelo. Akukho ukwehluka. Ukuqina okuqinile kobusika. Ayiguli futhi ayithinteki yizinambuzane.
Ama-Actinidia ahlukahlukene "Russian Hayward" - Yakhelwe izifunda ezifudumele zaseNyakatho Caucasus. Akukho ukwehluka. Izithelo ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-135 g, zinombala onsundu ngombala, zilingana ngesimo, zibuko futhi zinesikhumba esincanyana. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, yize i-acid izwakala, ihlolwe ngamakhosi ezindaweni ezingama-4.7. Kudingeka impova.
Ama-Actinidia ahlukahlukene "Allison" - ilungele izifunda ezifudumele zezwe. Akukho ukwehluka. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-66 g, nsundu ngombala, ama-pubescent futhi zibe nesikhumba esincanyana. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, nephunga le-sitrobheli, isibalo esinambitha amaphuzu ayi-4,7. Kudingeka impova.
