Ensimini yeRussian Federation kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zeapula. Le yinkinga enkulu. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ukukhetha into efanelekile kunzima impela. Umgcini wegadi umane alahlekelwe phakathi kokuchichima kwenketho enjalo. Ngaphambi kokuma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo, kuphoqelekile ukuthi ufunde izinhlobo ezithandwayo zezihlahla ze-apula kusuka esithombeni esinegama nencazelo.
I-Apple-Tree "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe" ne "Lobo"
Ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula zithandwa kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi aze avele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamafilimu nasekwenzeni ngawo. Isizathu salokhu inombolo enkulu yezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene. Isihlahla esinjalo nje se-apula - "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe", okumelwe kabanzi kwi-Intanethi ezithombeni eziningi ezinencazelo. Isici esiyinhloko sezinhlobonhlobo ukubukeka kwezithelo zaso. Ama-apula avuthiwe amhlophe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukunambitheka okuhle. Izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, kwezinye izimo ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela ku-250 amagremu. Isihlahla se-apula "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe" kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa nangokuthi "ipapier". Le nhlobonhlobo ayinaye umbhali, abaningi bayibiza ngabantu.
Okunye futhi okungathandeki kakhulu umuthi we-Lobo apula. Uhluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo ngombala obomvu okhanyayo obukhulu.Isihlahla sama-apula simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, okuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezethulwe zahlatshwa kwelinye izwekazi, eCanada, ngokuvota okulula. Ukukhiqiza "uLebo" kuphezulu kakhulu, ngoba kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuhweba. Umuthi wama-apula walolu hlobo usakazeke kabanzi kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Okubi kubalwa ukumelana buthaka kwezifo eziningi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ku-scab kanye ne-powdery hlobo. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "uLebo" zigcina ukunambitheka kwazo ngemuva kokuvuna kabi.
Ibanga "Chinese" ne "Udumo kwabaphumelele"
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-apula oluyi "Kitayka". Umuthi waba negama elingakajwayelekile ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaqabunga awo - afana ne-Chinese plum. Isici esivelisayo salolu hlobo lwe-apula usayizi omncane kakhulu wama-apula. Lapho sezithola ukuvuthwa okugcwele, ziba zinambitheka impela. Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zenza ujamu omnandi kulezi zithelo.
Izinzuzo eziphambili ze "Kitayka" ezahlukahlukene yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Hardy ngokweqile;
- ukungathobeki kokuhamba
- izithelo zigcinwa ngokuphelele.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kuphela nesithwathwa, "iKitayka" yayivame ukusetshenziswa ngabalimi njengesitoko, njengesisekelo sokuzalela izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi yama-apula. Umbala wezithelo zalesi sihlahla ungahluka: obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza.
Ezimweni eziningi, isihlahla sama-apula seKitayka uqobo sincane. Umqhele wakhe umkhulu impela, unje ngokuma kwepiramidi. Amahlumela awobukhulu obuphakathi, umbala wawo ulu-olive omnqumo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwamazinga endawo ephakathi yeRussian Federation - phakathi nendawo nokuphela kuka-Agasti. Ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ungaqala ukudla izithelo. “I-Kitayka” ayifuneki emhlabathini, kepha inezinkomba ezisebenzisa kahle isivuno uma itshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Isihlahla se-Apple esithi “Udumo kwabaphumeleleyo” futhi kungenye yezinhlobo ezidumile kuze kube manje. Le nhlobonhlobo iyi-hybrid yezinye izihlahla ezimbili zama-apula: "Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe" kanye "neMekintosh." Lapho weqa izinhlobonhlobo eziphumayo wazuza izimfanelo ezinhle ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili. Isici esiyinhloko izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu, isisindo sabo singafinyelela ku-250 noma ngaphezulu amagremu.
Umuthi uqobo lwalo oluhlukahlukene unobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele obujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ukuphakama kwesiqu sesihlahla somuntu omdala kufinyelela kumamitha angama-4-5. Ebusheni, umqhele unesimo se-pyramidal, ngokuzayo uthatha isimo sesimo esiyindilinga noma esimise okwande kakhulu. Ezingeni lomhlabathi, ibanga elithi “Udumo kwabaphumeleleyo” alinciphisi. Kulokhu, izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa maphakathi noma ekugcineni kuka-Agasti. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazazisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-pollinators ("Melba", "Borovinka" nabanye). Iminyaka yokuqala, umuthi uthela izithelo minyaka yonke, ngokuzayo lo mzuzu uncike esimweni sesikhwama sezolimo.
Izinhlobo ze-Apple zezihlahla "Spartan" ne "Welsey"
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula "iSpartan" zatholakala okokuqala cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule - emuva ngo-1926 lapho bewela u "Mekintosh" no "Yellow Newtown". Isihlahla se-Spartan sincane impela, kepha ngisho nesincane sifanekiselwa usayizi wesiqu esihlaba umxhwele. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinesimo somucu oyindilinga oyindilinga noma omane oyindilinga. Ama-apula aphuzi ngombala. Isici ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe zibambelele ngokuqinile emagatsheni futhi zingavuthi. Amagatsha akhanywa ngezithelo agobeka kakhulu, acishe akhukhulele umhlabathi. Umnikazi okhathalelayo kufanele enze ama-backups ukuze alondoloze isihlahla nesivuno.
Isici esingesihle sezinhlobonhlobo ukumelana naso okumbalwa kakhulu kunesithwathwa. Noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi amancane, amagatsha ahlala ebanda ngokwanele.
Lapho umuthi uba mkhulu, ube usayizi omncane wezithelo ezivuthwa kuwo. Ungabhekana nalokhu ngokudweba amahlumela amasha. Uma umqhele omncane walesi sihlahla, ama-aphula amaningi angavunwa kwisilimo esisodwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zeapula zeWoodsie zingezedlula zonke ezindala; zakhiwa emuva ngo-1860 e-USA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesisekelo ukugoma wakhonza apple waseSiberia. Kungakho izinhlobonhlobo ezethulwe zisinda ngokuphelele kulo lonke elaseRussia, ngoba empeleni liyizwe lakubo. Ubukhulu besihlahla ngokwaso abukhulu kakhulu, ukwakheka komqhele kuyiphiramidi. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo sekuphuze kakhulu - ebusika noma ekwindla. Ama-apula angalala esela, ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi agcine ukunambitheka kwawo isikhathi esanele. Izinhlobonhlobo uqobo ngokwazo zingamelana neqhwa kakhulu, zibekezelela ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu (kufika ku-30 C).
Izinhlobo "Berry" ne "Orlik"
Umuthi we-apula weYagodnaya ungenye yezihlahla ezincane kunazo zonke ezikhona namuhla. Ngokubukeka, izithelo zesihlahla zifana kakhulu nama-apula amaShayina. Ububanzi bezithelo zomuthi we-apula "Berry" ungamasentimitha ayi-1. Okulandelayo izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zalokhu okuhlukahlukene:
- ukungathobeki;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- usayizi omncane wesihlahla uqobo.
Ezimweni eziningi, isihlahla samahhabhula "Berry" sisetshenziswa njengesitoko ekwakheni zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezi-hybrid.
Umuthi we-apula we-Orlik wakhiwa endaweni yaseRussia indlela yokubumbanisa ngo-1958. Ubukhulu besiqu sesihlahla bancane, umqhele unesimo esiyindilinga. Iningi lamagatsha lisuka esiqwini ngakwesokunxele bese liqondiswa phezulu. Izithelo zalolu hlobo zinombala oluhlaza ophuzi ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka sekwephuze ngokwanele. Esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia - cishe phakathi nendawo nasekupheleni kwenyanga kaSepthemba.
Izinhlobo "Kandil Orlovsky" no "Mantet"
Isihlahla se-Apple "Kandil Orlovsky" sithokozela izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-120-150 amagremu, ezinesimo esiyingqayizivele sobunjiwe. Ngisho nama-gourmet amahle kakhulu azokwazi ukwazisa ukunambitheka kwama-apula - noma ngubani angathanda ukunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo ezinkulu. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula uKandil Orlovsky afaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
- isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Izithelo zivuthwa kuphela maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ungaqala ukuzidla. Ngokuzayo, bagcina konke ukunambitheka kwabo nezinye izimfanelo kuze kube maphakathi noFebhuwari, okuyirekhodi langempela phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Umuthi we-apula "Mantet" kanye "Kandil Orlovsky", unezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka kwezithelo zawo. Zivutha kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ezaziswa kahle ngabalimi. Izithelo zokunambitheka okungajwayelekile zijatshulelwa yizingane nabadala. Kepha kukhona ukubuyisa okukodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - impilo yeshalofu kuphela izinsuku eziyi-15. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ama-apula alahlekelwa yizimfanelo zabo zabathengi, aqale ukuwohloka. Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala kalula ezifweni ezinhlobonhlobo.
Namuhla, kukhona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo ezihlukene zemithi yama-apula. Ukukhetha kuhle kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nengadi engakhethi kakhulu izokwazi ukukhetha okuthile ngokuthanda kwayo.
