ILumbago, noma iPulsatilla - ungaphazamisi ukulala

Namanje ezingadini zethu lumbago, noma pulsatilla (Pulsatilla), noma utshani bephupho Ayitholakali kaningi njengoba ifanele, kokubili ngobuhle bayo, nokuqhakaza kwaso ekuqaleni, nezithelo ezithinta imfiva, kanye nomsuka wangempela waseRussia wezinhlobo eziningi. E-Russia, e-Altai, ngokusho kwezinye izazi, kukhona isikhungo sokuqagelwa kwesiphambano sohlobo.

Lumbago ezejwayelekile. © Orchi

U-Aksakov encwadini yakhe "Iminyaka Yobuntwana kaBagrov the Grandson" wabhala: "Zonke izintambo zazimbozwe ngamaqhwa aneqhwa abizwa ngokuthi ukulala"." Imigwaqo emikhulu yokulala enjalo "ngiyakhumbula, ngabona eminyakeni engama-35 eyedlule. Baphi manje? Bancibilike njengephupho! Futhi manje sengikwazi ukuncoma izihlahla ezimbalwa kuphela zamalambu ajwayelekile ane-lilac nezimbali ezibomvu, ngingedwa, ngaphandle kwabafowethu abaningi. umhlangano wentwasahlobo egqumeni lwentaba yami. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ezinelanga zanele ukuba bavule izimbali zabo ezinkulu zensimbi, ziphuma ngaphansi kwesembozo samaqabunga angonyaka ophelile. Kusuka esimweni sezulu sezulu sentwasahlobo esingalindelekile, iziqu, amaqabunga nezimbali zamaphupho amnandi akhazimulayo utshani buvikelwa ngokuthembekile ngobumnene obukhulu phansi, futhi ngisho nama-buds aqothulwe abanjwe iziqandisi eziqinile zentwasahlobo ngokuqinisekile azovuka aphile - ama-primroses eqiniso!

Ukutshala nokukhula lumbago

Ama-backachells akhula kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, esihlabathini, kepha acebile, ahlulekile, anomhlabathi omanzi, kepha omanzi. Lapho utshala phakathi kwezitshalo umelana nebanga elingama-30-50 cm.

Ezikhathini ezomile, izitshalo ziyaniselwa futhi zifakwe nge-humus noma i-peat. Ebusika, i-lumbago (ikakhulukazi izithombo zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila), yize zilukhuni ubusika bazo obuphakeme, uma kwenzeka kuneqhwa elineqhwa, kusengcono ukumboza nge-lapniki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zidinga ukuvikelwa kumswakama wasebusika. Izitshalo ezincane zingahlaselwa ngama-slugs kanye neminenke. Endaweni eyodwa, ama-lumbago akhula kahle futhi aqhakaza iminyaka engama-6-10. Umngane omuhle engadini kungaba yi-Adonis yasentwasahlobo (Adonis vernalis). Ama-backbones asatshalaliswa yimbewu egcina ukusebenza iminyaka emithathu, ihlwanyelwa kangcono entwasahlobo emhlabathini ofudumele kahle (izinga lokuhluma elilungile lama 20-25 ° C) noma ebusika. Imbewu yeLumbago ene-tuft ende. Njengoba isimanzi emhlabathini omanzi, ama-crest curls afana ne-corkscrew encane futhi adonsela imbewu enhlabathini. Ngokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, izithombo ziyavela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ama-Shots kumele angabonakali. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu.

ILumbago alpine. © UPhilipp Weigell

Izitshalo ezivela ezenzweni azihlali ziphinda umbala wezinhlobonhlobo zoqobo. Isitshalo esidala asikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kahle, kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokuwususa, udinga ukukwenza ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, uzama ukonga umhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezibuthakathaka. Ngenxa yokuthi ikamelo lisuka izimpande kabi futhi liqabukela kwenzeka, akufanele ulidlulisele engadini lisuka emaphethelweni ehlathi, lapho usengalibona phakathi kwezihlahla zikaphayini. Ama-backbones asakazeka ngokusika kwezimpande ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isitshalo sihle kakhulu ukusikwa. Kodwa ukukhetha izimbali endalweni kumane kuwumsebenzi wobugebengu. "Ukudepha" kwezimbali kwenza sitshalole, kuholele ekugugweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kusincishe amandla okutshala imbewu, ngakho-ke, kunika isizukulwane esisha impilo. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo sikhula inani labantu bakhona kuphela ngenxa yokukhula, futhi sihamba kancane, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvuselelwa kofuzo akwenzeki, okufaka isandla ekuwohlokeni ngokushesha.

Ikhanda lembewu ngemuva kokuqhakaza. © Rillke

Incazelo yobulili

Igama lohlobo luvela egameni lesiLatini elithi "pulsare" - ukushintshashintsha, ukunyakaza, njengoba izimbali ziqhuma ekushayeni komoya okuncane. Futhi babizwa ngokuthi lumbago, ngokusobala ngoba entwasahlobo ngeziqu ezinezimbali, njengemicibisholo, zingena emhlabathini. "Ulala-utshani" - kuthambekele, njengokungathi kukhipha imbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinomphumela wokuyenga: siyanciphisa, kanti ku-doses ephezulu yipilisi yokulala. ("Ukulala-utshani, utshani bokulala, utshani bokulala, ukungishaya ngilele, kwangishaya ..." A. A. Buzni). UBrunnhilde wase-Scandinavia wase-Scandinavia u-Edda walala phansi otshanini bephupho abelele ngaphansi kwekhanda lakhe, futhi izindela ezingamavila zalala ngesikhathi sokusebenza ubusuku bonke, lapho uDeveli aphonsa khona izimbali zeLumbago ("Pechersky Paterik"). Futhi abazingeli babenethuba lokuhlangana namabhere ehlathini, ababephenduke amathiphu kusukela entwasahlobo, noma, njengoba becabanga, kusuka kule mbali yasentwasahlobo. Usebenzise imbali ekutsheleni inhlanhla. Ngobusuku benyanga egcwele bambeka ngaphansi komqamelo, futhi uma ephusheni babona intombazane noma insizwa - unyaka omuhle wokujabula, futhi uma kwenzeka into engathandeki, linda usizi. Abantu kuthiwa yigumbi nezakhiwo eziyisimangaliso. Isibonelo, kumakhambi amadala athi: "Noma ngubani ophethe lolu tshani naye, udeveli ubalekela lowo muntu, aqhubeke nokuma okuhle endlini, futhi akhe amabhilidi - awubeke endaweni ethile, uzophila ngokuvumelana."

Ubuhlungu bezinsana, noma ukulala utshani. © uJerzy Strzelecki

ILumbago, utshani bokulala, i-pulsatilla (Pulsatilla) isitshalo esinqumayo (ngesinye isikhathi amanye amaqabunga agcinwa ngemuva kobusika) avela emndenini we-ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae), akhula kakhulu eYurophu, eSiberia, eCaucasus nezinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela - eMelika. Uhlobo luhlanganisa cishe i-30-45 (ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene) izinhlobo zama-herbaceous perennials. Lezi ziphansi, zisuka ezitshalweni ezinde ezingama-3 kuye kwangama-45 cm ezinesigqi eside esibucayi, esime mpo noma esinqenqemeni esishubile futhi sizacile, izimpande ezintekenteke ezidlulela kude emaceleni futhi zinezimpande eziphambili ezichazwe kahle. Iqonde, ikhulisa kakhulu lapho ithwala iziqu ezimbozwe izinwele. Basal, eqoqwe irosette, petiolate, palmate noma dissected, embozwe ngefluff yesiliva, efana namaqabunga e-fern akhula kusuka kuma-buds akhiwe kwi-rhizome, ngasikhathi sinye noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Inani lamaqabunga liyanda minyaka yonke.

Isitshalo esidala singafinyelela kububanzi obungama-50 cm futhi sibe namaqabunga angafika kwangama-200. Izimbali eziqhakaza iLumbago entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zodwa, zibunjiwe njengensimbi noma zinezinkomishi, zivame ukuba ngama-6-lobed, drooping, ezinkulu, 2-8 cm ubukhulu, onsomi, onsomi, ophuzi ngegolide noma mhlophe, ezine-pubescence yesiliva noma yegolide. Izimbali zakhiwa ngamapheshana e-wrapper, zakha ikhoramu enjenge-bell. Lapho imbali ibuna, i-peduncle iyanda kakhulu bese kusungulwa izithelo ezinhle zezimpande ezinamakhompiyutha. Amantongomane angawodwana anikezwa ngemichilo emide (ama-stylode), imvamisa enemibala eminingi, enza umbala oqondile lapho kupendwe khona upende. Ngaphambi kwezithelo, ngenxa yezinhlaka zazo, ziqala ukundiza ziqhekeke phansi, i-puffrus, i-cirrus-silky, i-puff efana ne-plume izosebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle wesitshalo.

I-Backache Ukraine. © Alexander Bronskov

Izinhlobo zeLumbago

Muva nje, ezinye izinhlobo ze-lumbago, kanye nezindawo zesibindi, ziye zakhonjwa njengezindawo ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Anemone futhi ziyafana. Kuthengisiwe, kwesinye isikhathi ungathola i-lumbago ngaphansi kwegama le-anemones, imvamisa enegama lezinhlobo ezifanayo.

Futhi nazi, izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu ze-lumbago: zonke, ngaphandle kokuthi, "muhle", konke, maye, kusuka kwiBhuku lethu Elibomvu, kepha kuze kube manje akutholakali kakhulu endaweni yaseRussia:

Intwasahlobo yasemuva (I-Pulsatilla vernalis, i-an. Anemone vernalis) - ukuphakama kwesihlahla nobubanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuka-7-15 cm, kamuva kukhula kube ngama-30-40 cm ukuphakama. Isiqu, amaqabunga e-wrapper kanye namaqabunga ziveliswa kakhulu ngezinwele ezibonakala njengegolide zethusi. Ubusika, cishe obunesikhumba, obu-ternary noma obuhlakazeke kakhulu, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile ubude obu-6-12 cm, aqukethe amaqabunga ayi-3-5 ajulile, aqoqiwe irosette. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amaqabunga asevele akhule kahle. Kuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, izinsuku ezingama-20-25, izimbali ezimhlophe, ezibunjiwe njengebhele ngaphandle kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi, zinombala onsomi onsomi obonakalayo ngaphakathi nokhanyayo onsomi noma opinki - ngaphandle. Izinsimbi ezilengiswe ekuqaleni kwezimbali ziyaqondiswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, khetha imithambeka eyomile. Yize kusatshalaliswa kakhulu endle (lokhu akuphathelene nathi, kuyaqabukela engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia), kodwa kunzima esikweni. Lesi sitshalo asithandi ngokuphelele i-alkali, sikhetha i-peat, humus, isihlabathi noma i-substrate eyenziwe ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi izinaliti zikaphayini. Ngakho-ke, igumbi lasentwasahlobo livame ukuhlala isikhashana, kepha kulula ukusakaza ngembewu. Kutshalwe ezindaweni ezinelanga ezivulekile.

ILumbago entwasahlobo. © Pline

I-Backache yellowing (I-Pulsatilla flavescens, i-syn. Anemone flavescens) - isitshalo esingaba ngu-20 cm ukuphakama nobubanzi, esinokuhlaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle namaqabunga angaphansi alula ngaphansi, ahlobene kakhulu ne-lumbago evulekile. Ama-blooms ngo-Ephreli-Meyi anezimbali ezicijile ngenkomishi, ezinkulu, zesibabule -phuzi noma zophondo lwendlovu aze afinyelela ku-8 cm ubukhulu. Izimbali ezivulekile "zikhulisa" ukuphakama kwembala ngombala ohlangothini lwangaphakathi bese zithola umbala ogqamile ngaphandle. Njengoba inendawo efanele yokufika, lesi sitshalo sibonisa izimangaliso zokuqina nokuqina kobusika. Ulungiselela inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic kancane. Ensimini yaseRussia, ihlala itholakala kakhulu eziNtabeni zase-Ural. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa isuka eVolga entshonalanga iye eLena empumalanga.

Igumbi liphuzi. © Pulsatilla

Ama-backache Chinese (I-Pulsatilla chinensis, i-syn. Anemone chinensis) - isitshalo esakha amaqhubu amancane, aqukethe ama-rosette amaningana. Sivela ku-10-15 cm ubude ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali ngesikhathi sezithelo zikhuphuka ziphindwe kabili. Iqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Meyi ngezimbali ezibomvu ze-lilac-ons. Isitshalo asizithandi ubusika obumanzi neziphethu. Emvelweni, kukhula izihlahla ezomile namagquma anamadwala. Iphikisana neqhwa phansi kuze kufike ku-20 ° С. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa - ENyakatho neChina naseMpumalanga yeSiberia.

I-Backache Kostycheva (I-Pulsatilla kostyczewi) yisifo esingajwayelekile se-Altai esitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iqhakaza ngoMashi-Ephreli, kwesinye isikhathi ngokwesibili - ngoSepthemba.

I-Backache Kostycheva

Ukudla emuva (I-Pulsatilla pratensis, i-syn. Anemone pratensis) - isitshalo esiphakeme esingu-15-30 cm. Izimbali ngo-Ephreli-Meyi 25-30 izinsuku. Kutholakala ngemvelo emahlathini zikaphayini, emagqumeni anesihlabathi esivulekile, emagqumeni awomile elangeni. Kusatshalaliswa engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia.

Lumbago ezejwayelekile (I-Pulsatilla vulgaris, i-syn. Anemone pulsatilla) - isihlahla mude ngamasentimitha angama-10-30 ubude, sifinyelele ku-rhizome sibheke phezulu futhi sihlakazekile, i-cirrus, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile ashiya ubude obungu-8-20 cm, siqukethe amaqabunga ayi-7-16 acekisiwe ene-linear noma i-linear-lanceolate lobes, engaba ngama-40. Kushiya amaqabunga ngesikhathi sezimbali. Amaqabunga amancane nawo angama-pubescent kakhulu, kepha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali acishe azwakali. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezihlahla, iziqu ze-silky pubescent zikhula zize zifike kubude obuyi-30 cm. Ama-blooms ngo-Ephreli-Meyi anombala onsomi okhanyayo onsomi, onsomi onsomi, ovame ukungabi mhlophe, abe nezimbali ezinsimbi ze-silky pubescent cm ubukhulu, ezinama-anthers aphuzi amaningi. Le mbali izungezwe amaqabunga e-wrapper, embozwe i-pubescence emhlophe. Kunezindlela eziningana. Ifomu "alba"- ngezimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe; ukwakheka"i-rubra"- Ngobomvu;"atoepa"- ngombala omkhulu obomvu;"atrosanquinea"- ngombala omnyama nobomvu. Izinhlobo ezidumile:"UMnu. UVan der elst"- ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana;"URodde Klokke"(igama lale nhlobo yaseScandinavia livame ukutholakala kwesinye isipelingi -"Iwashi elibomvu") - ngokubomvu okumnyama;"Kufakwe okumhlophe"- ngabamhlophe. Imelana namaqhwa phansi kuze kufike ku-20 ° С. Ukudonsa kahle komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi enomdlandla kuyisihluthulelo sokutshala ngempumelelo. Indawo yokusabalalisa - i-Europe, eSiberia.

Igumbi elivulekile (I-Pulsatilla patens, i-syn. Anemone patens) - ihlumela eli-15-20 cm (ngesinye isikhathi liphakeme) futhi libe ngu-10 cm ububanzi nge-Rhizome enamandla emile mpo emnyama neziqu eziqonde, ezinobukhulu obukhulu obuhambisana nezinwele ezithambile. Inama-teles amade, enhliziyo-eyindilinga, i-pubescent ecishe ibe ngu-3-7 - ihlakazeke ngesandla, amaqabunga aluhlaza afinyelela ku-12 cm ubude. Incwajana ngayinye ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezingama-15-80 ezisebenza ngokuqondile noma ezinolayini. Izimbali zingamasentimitha angama-5-8 ububanzi, ekuqaleni zazibunjiwe njengensimbi (zifana ne-tulip), bese zivulelwa cishe ifomu elinezinkanyezi, elingashisi, i-blue-violet, i-lilac, evame ukubukeka njengombala ophuzi noma omphuzi ophuzi, onamabala ayi-6, ama-3-5 cm ubude, ngaphandle embozwe izinwele ezivulekile. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-rosette. Ukulungiselela ukukhula endaweni evulekile nenhlabathi ene-calcareous. Izithelo ezinezimpande eziningi ezihlanganiswe nge-pinnate-hairy awn (2,5-5,5 cm cm) zivuthwa ngoMeyi-Juni. Ensimini yaseRussia itholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga. Empumalanga kuza i-Irtysh.