Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezikhula eCentral Europe, eMedithera nasezindaweni eziseduze nase-Asia nase-Afrika.
I-Levkoy, noma uMattiola (UMatheola) - Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezihluma ukhula minyaka yonke nezingapheli zomndeni weKlabishi, noma i-Cruciferous (Brassicaceae), evamile eningizimu yeYurophu, iMedithera nezindawo ezingomakhelwane.
I-Levkoy grey, noma i-Levko grey, noma iMatolaola grey (i-Latin Matthiola incana). © Norman UbusikaUmhlobiso wezimbali ezingadi zomhlobiso wezimbali ezinamakha. Izinhlobo eziningana zilinyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezilungele ukwakhiwa kwamakholoni.
Izitshalo ezi-herbaceous ezingama-One-, ezimbili-, kanye nezihlahla zisetshenziswa, kwesinye isikhathi izihlahlana. Iziqu ziqonde, zingama-20-80 cm ubude, zinamahlamvu, ziyakhazimula noma zizwakala. Amaqabunga agqamile, ama-lanceolate, aphelele noma awanqunyelwe. Izimbali zinombala opinki, omhlophe, onsomi noma ophuzi, oqoqwe kuma-inflemose noma ama-inflorescences abukeka njengama-spike. Izithelo pod. Imbewu iyisicaba, iphaphaze, futhi inezingcezu ezi-1 g ukuya kwezingama-700.
I-Levka ezikhathini zangaphambili ibingabonakala cishe kuyo yonke ingadi, manje sekuyinto engavamisile, ngandlela-thile yaphuma imfashini. Futhi ngokweqiniso, kulesi sitshalo kunento yakudala, enobuhlakani, engokwesitayela sakudala, esivamile, sepaki. Futhi, uma uzizwa ungelutho ngenxa yasendulo enhle nenhle futhi eyisiphundu, okumangazayo, iphunga elithile elihlwabusayo, khona-ke i-levoka yisitshalo sakho.
Izici
Indawo: ILevka ikhula kahle emhlabathini ohlukahlukene nezimo zezulu ezinomhlabathi owanele nomswakama womoya. Ifinyelela ekuhlobiseni okukhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile elangeni. Akubekezeleli ukugxibha kwamanzi nesomiso isikhathi eside.
Inhlabathi: ikhetha inhlabathi evundile, engeyona i-acid, i-sod-loamy noma i-sod-loamy. Ngonyaka wokutshala, umanyolo we-organic awukwazi ukusetshenziswa.
UMatiola, noma uLevkoy. © I-WildfeuerUkunakekelwa: Ama-Levkoy atshalwa ngokugqoka okuphezulu njalo nokunisela ngesikhathi sezulu esomile. Njengoba pods kwesobunxele akakhiwa izitshalo terry, izimbali eziqhakaza kusuka ngezansi abanjwe kuphela ukuze kulondolozwe ukubukeka okusha kwesitshalo. Uma ubashiya, khona-ke izimbali ngeke zime. Ama-Levkoys awakwazi ukutshalwa endaweni lapho kutshalwe ezinye izitshalo zomndeni wokubethelwa. Bangathinteka yi-keel ye-crossiferous - isifo se-fungal esithinta iklabishi nezinye izitshalo zalo mndeni. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-pathogen ebulalayo igcina amandla okuthelela izitshalo iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwe-keel, i-Levka ingathinteka yizo zonke ezinye izilokazane nezifo, kufaka phakathi amakhefu okubethelwa, izimvemvane, izimvemvane zeklabishi, abamhlophe njalonjalo.
Sebenzisa: Inzuzo enkulu ye-matthiola iphunga layo elihlasimlisayo, eliqina kusihlwa. Kulokhu, uMattiola i-bicorn ubizwa ebusuku ngokuthi yi-violet. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-matthiola yayitshalwa eduze kwamabhentshi, amanethiwekhi, amathala. Itshalwa ezingadini zezimbali ezixubile, kwesinye isikhathi ezisetshenziselwa utshani bamaMoorish. Ilungele izidumbu. I-Levkoy-grey hair ingatshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali nakwezaphulelo, kuhlanganiswa izinhlobo ngokuya ngobude bezitshalo nombala wezimbali, kanye nesikhathi sezimbali. ILevka ingatshalwa ezitsheni, emvodini yasemgwaqweni kanye namabhokisi e-balcony. Izinhlobo ezinde zilungele ukusika ama-inflorescence. Bemi emanzini izinsuku ezingafika kwe-10, bagcwalise igumbi ngephunga.
Ukuzala
Ngokuqhakaza kukaJuni, imbewu ihlwanyelwa maphakathi no-Mashi emabhokisini anengxube yomhlaba we-turf nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 1. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse liyancishiswa libe ngu-8-12 ° C, bese amabhokisi ebekwa eduze nokukhanya. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 - 12, esigabeni se-cotyledon, izithombo zingena ezingxenyeni eziyizakhi noma emabhodweni bese kuthi emva kwesikhashana zizikhiphele ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ngaphansi kwamapiki sebenzisa ingxube ye-turf, umhlaba weshidi nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 1. Izithombo eziqinisiwe ze-levkoy zikubekezelela kalula ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya--5 ° C, zingatshalwa emhlabathini endaweni ehlala ikhona ngaphambili, zigcina ibanga elingama-20-25 cm lapho zitshala. izinsuku.
Imbewu iqoqwa ezitshalweni ezinezimbali ezine-peteled ezilula futhi ezingameleli noma yiliphi inani lokuhlobisa. Futhi kwinzalo yembewu yalezi zitshalo, kukhona ukuqhekeka kube izitshalo ezinezimbali ezilula nezimbili, kaningi ngesilinganiso 1: 1. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezinezimbali ezilula (zibizwa ngokuthi ama-testes) nazo ziyindida ngesisekelo se-terry. Ukuzilolonga sekutholile ukuthi izitshalo ezingathuthukisiwe ezinezimbotshana ezimfishane futhi ezifushwayo ezicindezelwe emaphethelweni zinika iphesenti elikhudlwana lezitshalo zetryry kunesivivinyo esinezinye izici. Futhi manje kunezinhlobo eziqukethe izitshalo ezingama-60, 80 ngisho ne-90% yezitshalo ezingama-terry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje iningi lamaqembu engadi linesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso, ngokuthi izitshalo ezinezimbali ezimbili ezizayo zingahlukaniswa kanjani nezithombo esigabeni samaqabunga e-cotyledonous. Izilimo ezisele kwesobunxele zala maqembu zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa ayi-12-15 ° C, izithombo ezihlumayo zibekwa izinsuku eziningana endaweni ebanda kakhulu nenokushisa okungama-6-8 ° C. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezingama-cotyledonous anezimbali eziphindwe kabili azoba makhulu futhi ahlaza okuhlaza ngokuhlukile ngokuluhlaza okukhanyayo - ngezilula. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kukwazi ukukhetha ama-100% ezitshalo ezingama-terry zokutshala.
UMattiola ubicic. © Al-BargitIzinhlobo
Mattiola bicorn - Matthiola bicornis
Uqhamuka eGrisi naseAsia Minor.
Isitshalo sonyaka siqondile noma siyahlakazeka, sinamagatsha anamabala, siphakeme ngo-40-50 cm. Amacembe aqondile, ahlanganile. Izimbali zincanyana, ziyi-nondescript, ngombala onsomi obomvu, ngombala we-genemose inflorescence, zinephunga eliqinile futhi elimnandi, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku. Izimbali ezijabule ziyavalwa. Iqhakaza kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Izithelo ngumbende omude onezimpondo ezimbili ezimfishane ngaphezulu. Imbewu incane, i-grey brown-brown, gcina ukusebenza iminyaka emi-2-3. Ngokwesiko lekhulu le-XVI.
UMattiola ngwevu, noma uLevkoy - Matthióla incana
Ezasekhaya - Iziqhingi zaseMedithera nezaseCanary.
Isitshalo sonyaka se-herbaceous. Iziqu zilula noma zinamagatsha, zivame ukugcotshwa, zisuka ku-20 kuye kuma-80 cm. Amaqabunga angama-oblong-lanceolate noma acinene, ama-obovate, athinta i-petiole, ahlelwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo, okusolekayo, okukhazimulayo noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukhanyayo noma okuluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zihlala zijwayelekile, zilula noma zimbili, imibala ehlukahlukene, inephunga elimnandi kakhulu, iqoqwe ngo-10-60 ngobukhulu noma obukhulu, ama-racemose inflorescence anobude obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu. Embalini elula kukhona amathuna ama-4 namaphilisi ama-4; ukuqhakaza kwawo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-4-5; ku-terry - kufika kuma-petals angama-70, izimbali zihlala izinsuku ezingama-20. Iqhakaza kakhulu kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuLwezi, eningizimu - nasezinyangeni zobusika. Izithelo ziyimbumba emincane enezinhlamvu eziningi, ubude obungu-4-8 cm. Izithelo kahle, imbewu igcina ukusebenza iminyaka engu-4-6. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1570.
UMattiola ngwevu, noma uLevkoy. © Raul654Ngokwesikhathi somjikelezo wokuthuthuka, amafomu amathathu ahlukene:
ekwindla kwesokunxele (var. autumnalis), okuhlwanyelwe ngoMashi-Ephreli, eziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla zakuqala; imbewu ivuthwe ngonyaka olandelayo;
I-Levko ubusika (var. hibema), okuhlwanyelwe ngoJuni-Julayi, blooms entwasahlobo elandelayo; womabili amafomu asemhlabathini ovulekile womucu ophakathi awubusika, asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufukuzwa.
Okujwayelekile kakhulu futhi okubalulekile ihlobo elinamaphiko ashiya ihlobo (var. annua). Njengamanje, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 ziyaziwa, ziyehluka ngesimo nokuphakama kwesihlahla, isikhathi sezimbali kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene yezimbali.
Izitshalo kuphela ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili ezinenani lokuhlobisa. Izimbali ze-Terry azikhiqizi imbewu. Imbewu yakheka ezitshalweni ezinezimbali ezilula. Imvamisa kuyingxenye yezitshalo ezinezimbali ezilula nengxenye enezimbili ezithuthukiswayo ezitshalweni. Ezinhlotsheni ezinhle kakhulu, kuze kube ngu-70-90% wezitshalo ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili. Ukuthola iphesenti elikhudlwana lezitshalo ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili kuzalo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-testes, kucatshangelwa izici ezithile ze-morphological. Amahlathi esihlahla sezitshalo anikeza izimbali eziphindwe kabili kuzalo zinokubukeka okucindezelwe kakhudlwana nemidumba emifushane ene-apex eyindilinga, amabala enhlamba acindezelwe komunye nomunye. Izitshalo ezinikeza izimbali ezilula kuphela zinamakhodoli amaningi, iziqhizi zeziqu zazo ziyagoba futhi zakhe “uphondo” ekugcineni kwe-pod.
UMatiola, uLevka. © Izingadi zePowellNgokusho kokuphakama, izinhlobonhlobo zehlobo levkoy zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: aphansi - 15-30 cm ukuphakama; maphakathi - 30-50 cm; phezulu - 50-70 cm.
I-Levkoy isitshalo esijabulisayo kakhulu, umuntu angathi, isitshalo esiyingqayizivele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuqina kwezimbali zawo kuphelele noma kuphelele, okungukuthi, wonke ama-stamens ne-pestle asephenduke ama-petals, futhi izitshalo ezinezimbali ezimbili azivezi imbewu nhlobo, zisakazwa ngembewu yesokunxele.
