Lapho kukhulunywa ngotamatisi owenziwe ekhaya, izithombe ezinemibala ziyakhanya ekhanda lakho - isoso elenziwe ekhaya; amathini katamatisi othosiwe adotshwe kahle emashalofini e-pantry; utamatisi kumasaladi noma nje izithelo ezingama-juicy ngokuqondile esihlahleni! Manje usuhamba uyongena engadini uyophinde uhlole futhi unisele amasimu akho, futhi ubona okuthile okungajwayelekile emahlathini ngamatamatisi. Amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezinombala onsundu, izilonda ezinsundu ziyabonakala esihlahleni nasezihlubeni. Yini le? Kungenzeka kakhulu, utamatisi wakho utheleleke ngefungus.
Mayelana nezifo fungal utamatisi
I-Alternariosis - Isifo esidalwa yizikhunta ezibizwa nge-Alternaria solani. Le pathogen ingathinta cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yasemhlabeni yetamatisi - isiqu, amaqabunga, izithelo. Lesi sifo asihlali siholele ekufeni kwezitshalo, kepha sibenza buthaka kakhulu futhi sinciphisa isivuno esikhulu. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukisa isikhunta yisimo sezulu esinomswakama namazolo amaningi. Izithelo ze-pathogen zingahlala emhlabathini futhi zidlulele ezitshalweni ezithintekile ezingazange zikwazi ukukhishwa ngonyaka ophelile ngesikhathi sokuvuna ekwindla. Njengomthetho, izinambuzane eziningi nezifo ngokuyinhloko zithinta izitshalo ezibuthakathaka.
Izimpawu ze-alternariosis ukubukeka kwamabala emaqabungeni, abese ephenduka aphuzi awe. Ekuqaleni, amabala abukeka emancane, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi anda ngosayizi. Izilonda ziyabonakala ngeziqu zezitshalo. Lapho ukutheleleka kufinyelela ezithelweni, kuvela amabala afakwe ngombala omnyama eduze kwesiqu, futhi angabonakala kuwo womabili utamatisi ovuthiwe novuthiwe. Izitshalo zakho zizokwazi ukusinda kulokhu kuhlaselwa, kepha lokhu kuzothinta ikhwalithi nenani lezithelo. I-Alternariosis yisifo esingemnandi kangako, kepha iyabulala izitshalo njengokulimala sekwephuzile.
Ukulimala okufika lapho - isifo esiyingozi sokukhunta okubangelwa yizinhlamvu zesikhunta i-Phytophthora infossans, okusho ukuthi "ukubhubhisa isitshalo." Leli khowe alikwazi nje kuphela ukuqothula isivuno sonke, kodwa futhi lingene kwezinye izitshalo. Ama-spores angathwalwa umoya kusuka kwesinye isiza siye kwesinye. Isitshalo esinegciwane kufanele simbiwe futhi sibhujiswe (ngeke sisetshenziselwe umquba!).
Ukulimala kwesikhashana kubonakaliswa amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphenduka ansundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bese amaqabunga ngokwawo econsa, omile bese ewa. Izindawo ezinesikhumba esinsundu zesimo esingapheli zingatholakala nezithelo. Imvamisa, amabala amaqabunga nezithelo ahlanganiswa nobumba obumhlophe. Izimpawu ezicacile zokulimala sekwephuzile zivela maphakathi nehlobo, lapho izimo ezinhle zokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwefungus zingena - isimo sezulu esipholile nesishubile. Isifo esiyingozi singabulala izitshalo ngeviki elilodwa nje.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo fungal utamatisi
Ukutshala izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingamelana nezifo kakhulu:
- Ama-Stupay;
- Intokazi ye-Iron;
- UJasper (i-cherry ebomvu);
- Ukwehla kwelamula (i-cherry ephuzi);
- I-Prudence purple;
- I-currant ebomvu.
Okungcono kakhulu, uma ukwazi ukuthola utamatisi oxakiwe - abonakala ngokukhula okusebenzayo nokukhuthazela.
Ukuvimbela i-Alternaria:
- Thenga imbewu nezithombo kuphela emithonjeni ethembekile, ungalokothi usebenzise izithombo ezinikezwa ngabangane noma omakhelwane.
- Lapho utshala, gcina ibanga elanele phakathi kwezitshalo zokujikeleza komoya okuhle.
- Faka isendlalelo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngaphezulu noma usebenzise ipulasitiki elibomvu elikhethekile litamatisi elimboza inhlabathi. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngesithiyo phakathi kwamahlamvu nenhlabathi, okungaqukatha izinhlaka zokukhunta.
- Hlola izitshalo njalo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibi noma lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha ngokushesha.
- Uma ubona okuthile kufana nokude nesifo se-fungal, qala ngokushesha ukufafaza izihlahla ngezindlela eziphephile - ama-fungicides aqukethe i-nitic fungicides ne-biofungicides. Kokubili lokho nabanye akunangozi kwimifino esetshenziswa ekudleni. Zishintshele lezi zimali ngemuva cishe kwesonto (nokusebenzisa kanyekanye, ukusebenza kwazo kungancishiswa). Qikelela lapho usebenzisa amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi - uwafafaze ekuseni ukuze ungalimazi izinyosi; umkhiqizo unganqwabelana enhlabathini futhi uholele kubuthi bawo, ngenxa yalokho, endaweni lapho uvame ukusebenzisa khona imikhiqizo ngethusi, utamatisi kungenzeka ungakhuli minyaka yonke.
- Ekupheleni kwesizini yehlobo, hlanza ngokucophelela ingadi ususe yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka, zama ukusindisa izitshalo ezinempilo, noma ngabe udinga lokhu ukuzidlulisela ezitsheni.
Ukuvimbela ukulimala sekwephuzile:
- Ungashiyi noma iziphi izitshalo zobusika bese ususa wonke amahlumela ahlume ngokuzimele utamatisi namazambane. Amazambane angaba yisithwali se-spore.
- Sebenzisa ama-trellises nezisekeli zezitshalo noma ungqimba we-mulch noma endaweni ekhethekile (bheka ngenhla) ukuvikela amaqabunga ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi.
- Nisela okutshale ngaphansi kwempande futhi uvikele umswakama ngokweqile. Kungcono ukwenza ukuchelela ekuseni ukuze izitshalo nenhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokoma ngaphambi kokuhlwa.
- Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kungenzeka kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo asemvelo aqukethe amabhaktheriya anenzuzo.
- Isixazululo se-hydrogen peroxide kungenye ithuluzi eliphephile nelisebenzayo lokufaka izitshalo inzalo nasekuvikeleni ekulimaleni sekwephuzile.
Khumbula ukuthi yonke imali engenhla ilungele kuphela ukuvimbela lesi sifo. Uma isitshalo sesivele sinegciwane, kufanele sibhujiswe (sishiswe) ngaphandle kokuzisola. Akunjalo, ungahlanganisi izitshalo ezinesifo, ngoba ukulimala sekwephuzile yisifo esithathelwanayo esingasabalalisa izitshalo zakho kuphela, kodwa nezitshalo zomakhelwane bakho!
Noma kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nokulimala kukatamatisi esimweni esipholile nesinomswakama, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuthintela kusazosiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuqubuka kwalesi sifo esiyingozi sokukhunta.
