Namuhla ngeke umangaze noma ngubani ngokufika kwegreenhouse ekhishini lasehlobo noma endlini. Akufani ekwakhiweni kuphela, kepha nasendlini ehlala abantu - kusuka emincane kuya kokukhulu. Kunoma yiliphi i-greenhouse, abahlali behlobo le-novice bazama ukusebenzisa yonke imitha yesikwele mahhala izilimo ezikhulayo. Kepha ukuhlala ngokweqile kwesikhala sokugcina ukushisa ngobuningi bezitshalo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Izitshalo zizoqala ukulimaza, zithathe izitshalo ezikhulayo eziseduze, ziqongelela ama-microflora amabi emhlabathini, futhi ... ngesonto elilodwa abamba ukushisa bangaphenduka inqwaba yezitshalo ezifile. Ngakho-ke, ekuthatheni isinqumo sokwakha nokusebenzisa i-greenhouse, kuyadingeka ukucubungula ngokucophelela futhi uhlele ukwakhiwa kwayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwangaphakathi.
Abamba ukushisa ekhishiniUkuhlelelwa kwangaphakathi kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo
Ukwakheka kwengaphakathi kwegreenhouse kuya ngenhloso nobukhulu bawo. Ngokubamba okuluhlaza ngokwalo, kukhethwa indawo ukuze imisebe yelanga ilikhanyise usuku lonke noma iningi losuku. Lapho kukhula izitshalo ezingaphansi kwezitshalo (izithombo, upelepele, utamatisi wasesihlahleni, imifino), lo mbukiso ubekwa ukuze imibhede iqondiswe ukusuka enyakatho iye eningizimu. Ngokutshala okuxubile nengxenye ekhulayo yezitshalo kuma-trellises (ukhukhamba, utamatisi omude, i-zucchini), kungcono ukuhlela imibhede ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga ukuze kukhanyiselwe izitshalo ezifanayo.
Isakhiwo semibhede ku-greenhouse
Imibhede eluhlaza okotshani kufanele ilungele umsebenzi. Imibhede ebanzi enemizila emincane izogcwala hhayi ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuphela, kepha futhi izokwakha izimo zokukhula kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Emasimini agqinsiwe agqinsiwe kahle, ukucindezelana kwezitshalo kuzoqala emzabalazweni wokukhanya, umswakama kanye nezinye izinzuzo zezemvelo.
Ngo-greenhouse obubanzi bungamamitha ayi-1.8-2.0, imibhede emi-2 ibekwa eceleni kwezindonga ezinobubanzi obungu-70-80 cm noma ubude besandla esinezinto zokufaka. Phakathi kwemibhede shiya indawo okungenani engama-40 cm, lapho kukhona okokusebenza okulekelelayo, amathreyi anezithombo nezinye izinto. Imvamisa, indlela edlula lapho ebamba ukushisa imbozwe ngesihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, amathayili, ukuze angangeni odakeni ngenkathi yokunisela, ukucubungula izitshalo neminye imisebenzi.
Imibhede esezinhlangothini kanye nobude bayo ibiyelwe ngamabhodi noma enye into ngesimo somngcele kuze kufike ku-20-30 cm ukuphakama, ukuze inhlabathi ingakhubeki kulayini. Umngcele uqiniswa kahle ukuze ungawi ngaphansi komthwalo wenhlabathi.
Ku-greenhouse ebanzi yamamitha ayi-3,0,5,5, ukuhleleka kahle kwemibhede kuthatha imizila emi-3 nezindlela ezi-2. Imibhede esetshenziswayo ibekwe ohlangothini olude noma ezizungeze umngcele wegreenhouse. Ububanzi bemibhede bunqunywa ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwezitshalo ezikhulisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngezilimo ze-tapestry, imibhede eseceleni ingaba ngama-40-45 cm kuphela, futhi ezitshalweni ezinesihlahla - ibanzi, kepha ingabi ngaphezu kuka-70-80 cm. Ukulinganiselwa ngobubanzi kubangelwa kungenzeka kokucutshungulwa okukodwa.
Maphakathi nendawo eluhlaza kukhona umbhede ophindwe kabili, ongafinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1.5 m, ngoba ucutshungulwa usuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Amathrekhi enziwa abanzi kangangokuba kulula ukufinyelela kunoma yisiphi isitshalo futhi ungalimazi lapho wenza umsebenzi - ukuchelela, ukukhipha udoti, ukucubungula kanye nokuvuna.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, izindlela kufanele zimbozwe nganoma iyiphi into enamathela ukuze zingatheleleki emhlabathini omanzi. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo ezinkulu, izindlela kwesinye isikhathi zimbozwa ngokuphelele ngosimende (mhlawumbe ngokuqiniswa) noma ngamathayili ahlukile, bese kubekwa phansi lokhuni.
Izinhlobo zemibhede ebamba ukushisa
Imibhede eluhlaza okotshani ihlukaniswe inhlabathi, yaphakanyiswa, ngesimo samabhokisi ahlukile, itafula. Zonke izinhlobo zemibhede, ngaphandle kwideskithophu, zingafakwa.
Imibhede yomhlaba yiyona elula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ngokuvamile zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezincane zezithombo ezikhulayo, ziphoqa ama-greens noma izihlahla eziningana zamatamatisi, ukhukhamba. Emibhedeni enjalo, izimo zenhlabathi aziqinisekisi ukukhula okujwayelekile kwemifino nezinye izilimo futhi azisetshenziswa ezinhlakeni ezinkulu ezivalekile.
Imibhede yetafula ibekwa kuma-racks alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Zilula kakhulu lapho kukhula izithombo, ama-radada, imifino ephoqayo, izimbali zasendlini kusiko lembiza.
Okujwayelekile futhi kulula kakhulu ekunakekeleni izitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezinkulu yimibhede ephezulu. Zingaba ngu-20-30-50 cm ukuphakama.Emibhedeni enjalo kulula ukwenza umsebenzi wokumba (ukushintshanisa nokukhipha inhlabathi ngomzimba), ukunakekela izitshalo. Bafudumala masinyane. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, ungqimba lomhlaba luzokwakha ikushini owengeziwe oshisayo, uwuhlukanise nobubanzi bomhlaba obandayo. Ngemibhede engayodwa kulula ukunakekela amathrekhi. Amacimbi angenziwa ngesimo samabhokisi ahlukile ngomhlabathi omningi wokuphakama okudingekayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezinkulu, kufakwa ama-racks asuswayo lapho izithombo zingatshalwa khona kanyekanye ngokuphoqelela okuluhlaza emibhedeni. Ngemuva kokusampula kwezithombo, ama-rack ayasuswa bese izilimo eziyisisekelo (ukhukhamba, utamatisi, njll) atshalwe embhedeni.
Ukwehlulwa kwegreenhouse.
Ukugcwalisa imibhede
Uma endaweni ebamba ukushisa inhlabathi yemvelo isindayo, iminyene, udinga ukususa ungqimba olungaphezulu bese wenza isisekelo esihle sokudonsa amanzi kusuka kumfucumfucu, izitini ezaphukile nokunye ukungcola. Faka phezulu ingxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe noma ethengiwe. Imibhede enjalo ivame ukuhlelwa ezindaweni ezifudumele noma ezindaweni zokusebenzisa zesikhashana. Ezifundeni ezibandayo kakhulu, kungcono ukwenza imibhede efakiwe.
Emibhedeni enjalo efakiwe, kuphela ungqimba lwezakhi ezingenhla, oluqukethe izakhi eziningana, olungaphansi kokuphindwa minyaka yonke. Umnikazi wegreenhouse angakhetha noma iyiphi indlela yokufudumeza imibhede.
Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo lapho kuhlelwa khona ukukhula izinhlobo ezingama-4-6 noma ngaphezulu zemikhiqizo yemifino, imibhede emide ihlukaniswe kangcono ngezindawo eziningana, ikakhulukazi uma izilimo ezikhulayo zidinga ukukhanya okuhlukile, umswakama kanye nokushisa komoya.
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani indawo ebamba ukushisa ibe izitshalo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo ludinga izimo ezithile zokukhula okujwayelekile kanye nokwenza izithelo. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu, ukubekwa kwezitshalo maqondana nendawo ezungezile kungumsebenzi onzima. Ukwenza lula ukukhethwa kwezitshalo futhi kudale izimo ezijwayelekile zokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwesitshalo, ukubizwa kwegreenhouse kuzoba kunembe kakhulu.
Okusebenzayo - linganisa izinga lokushisa eceleni kwezindonga ezinde zokugcina ukushisa bese uqokomisa izindawo lapho amazinga okushisa eshintsha. Hlukanisa lezi zindawo nanoma yikuphi okubalulekile, okuqokomisa izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi apholile. Imvamisa i-greenhouse ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3. Uma i-greenhouse isifudumele, khona-ke indawo efudumele izoba phakathi kwekamelo, okufudumele kakhulu - ekugcineni futhi kubanda kakhulu - ekuqaleni, lapho iminyango evulekile ivulwa njalo, yenza umsebenzi othile.
Uma abamba ukushisa bakhulu, khona-ke izindawo zihlukaniswa ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside (i-plywood, ipulasitiki), kufakwa iminyango yesikhashana. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezinendawo eyi-3.0 x 10,0 m, izifunda zivame ukuhlukaniswa yifilimu yepulasitiki enezindawo zokufaka noma ishidi lesithambisi se-oyela. Ukufakelwa kuzosiza ukukhulisa izinga lomswakama ku-zone, kulondoloze amazinga okushisa afunekayo, futhi kufudumele indawo ekhethiwe. Ngokuya ngemibandela yendawo ngayinye, isivuno esikhulu / isisekelo nezinsizi ezihambisana naso zikhethiwe ukuze kutshalwe ndawonye.
Ukuhambisana kweGreenhouse
Izilimo eziyisisekelo zokutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zezwe, iningi lazo, utamatisi namakhukhamba nemifino ehambisana nazo atshalwa nazo. Ukubekwa kwemifino ku-greenhouse kumele kucatshangwe kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kumatamatisi, udinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, umswakama omaphakathi womoya, umoya omncane, ukufakwa kumaminerali, kanye namakhukhamba, kunalokho, ukushisa, umswakama, into e-organic, ukungabikho kokubhaliwe nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Okusho ukuthi, ezitshalweni ezingamelana nobanda, indawo esondele kakhulu ku-vestibule izoba yanele, futhi ikhukhamba - eliphakathi noma elikude. Ukuze usebenzise i-greenhouse ukuya ku-100%, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngohlu lweminye imifino nezitshalo eziluhlaza ezidingekayo emndenini. Ngakho-ke, eduze kwamatamatisi, ungatshala amanye angomakhelwane - ipepper yensimbi, isitshalo seqanda. Omakhelwane abahle bangaba isaladi, u-anyanisi on feather, rad radical, herbs herbs, ezinye eziluhlaza ezingadingi ukushisa okuphezulu, umswakama kanye nezinye izimo ezikhethekile (Ithebula 1).
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa kuphela amasiko ajwayelekile namasiko anokuvumelana okuhle nawo. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa ezinhlangothini zombhede noma njengokuvuthwa kwangoko (isithombo) ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo. Ngendlela, ungabeka umbhede wengadi ohlukile futhi uwusebenzise kaningana. Ngemuva kokuvuna isivuno sokuqala, tshala umanyolo omusha osalungiselelwe (isaladi), u-anyanisi onosiba oluhlaza noma uhlwanyele oluhlaza.
Amabhokisi ku-greenhouse.
Ithebula 1. Ukuhambisana kwemifino lapho kukhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa
| Isiko eliyisisekelo | Ihlanganiswa ngokuhambisana okuhle nokuhle | Amasiko angahambelani |
|---|---|---|
| Utamatisi | Iklabishi, u-anyanisi on the feather, ugarliki, ubhontshisi, ulethisi, isithombo, ispinashi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi emifino, iparsley, insimbi yepelepele, isitshalo seqanda | Ukhukhamba, dill |
| Ukhukhamba | I-Zucchini, u-squash, iklabishi laseChinese, i-kohlrabi, u-anyanisi ngamakhambi, ugalikhi, ubhontshisi, amasaladi, amabhele, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi amakhambi, isipinashi, iminti, | Utamatisi, isithombo |
| Iklabishi | Utamatisi, ukhukhamba, izaqathi, isithombo, ulethisi, ubhontshisi, dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi emifino, isipinashi, iminti | I-anyanisi, i-parsley |
| Ingadi Esungulwe ngaphambili | I-anyanisi ngosi eluhlaza, iparsley no dill kuma-greens, amasaladi, iminti, isipinashi, isithombo, u-celery kuma-greens, njll. | Utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ubhontshisi nezinye izilimo ezinde noma ze-trellis |
Kumakhukhamba, i-zucchini, u-squash kanye no-squash bangomakhelwane abahle, futhi futhi, njengamathelweni azungeze imiphetho, ungahlwanyela eluhlaza (dill, parsley, mint, watercress, njll). Kepha khumbula, ngokukhethwa okunjalo kwamasiko ahlanganisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona impova yamakhukhamba ngelinye ithanga.
Kulokhu, ucabanga kusengaphambili ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezizotshalwa ku-greenhouse kuya ezisekelweni, khetha izinhlobo ezingamelana nokungcolisa kakhulu, izifo, kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, i-dill ayikwazi ukutshala notamatisi, kepha ngamakhukhamba kungenzeka. Ukhukhamba awukwazi ukubekezelela isithombo, iklabishi - iparsley.
Kusebenza kakhudlwana ukufeza esikhundleni sokuhlwanyelwa kanye nokutshala kwisiko eliyisisekelo ngezinhlanganisela ezihlukile, ezizokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ezifanele kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izidingo zemvelo ezingahambelani zitshalwa ezindaweni ezihlukile zokugcina ukushisa.
Ngemininingwane eminingi yokuhambisana namasiko ekushintsheni kwezilimo, bheka isihloko esithi "Amathiphu Wabasaqalayo: Izilimo zemifino eziyisisekelo nokujikeleziswa kwezitshalo."
Imithetho yokuhlela izitshalo ku-greenhouse
Izimo eziphambili zokukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kwezilimo ngaphakathi kukhanya, izinga lomswakama lomoya nenhlabathi, umoya omncane nokubekezelelana komthunzi. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zidingo zamasiko ahlukene egumbini elilodwa kunzima. Ngokuziqaphelisisa kahle ngezidingo zezolimo kanye nezimpawu zezinto eziphilayo zezilimo, ungazikhethela izilimo zesifunda ngokusho komkhawulo main.
Izitshalo ezidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo zitshalwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu ye-greenhouse, zidinga umoya omncane - eduze kwamaqabunga amafasitela neminyango, umswakama ophakeme - endaweni eqhelelene kakhulu. Ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, indlela yokushintsha iziphethu nezimpande (iklabishi-utamatisi-izaqathe noma izimbotshana) kulungile, okungukuthi, ukushintshaniswa kwezilimo kukhethwa ngokususa izakhi zesitshalo.
Emagumbini okugcina izithombo ezinkulu, into esemqoka ekhubaza ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo ukuphakama kwezitshalo. Uma utshala utamatisi omude emibhedeni eseceleni noma uthatha ukhukhamba nobhontshisi ku-trellis, bese ubeka eminye engaphansi (upelepele omnandi, isitshalo seqanda, amasaladi, amabhulukwe, iklabishi) embhedeni ophakathi, owokugcina ngeke ube nokukhanya. Ngenxa yalokhu, izifo zizovela, izinambuzane zanda. Ukufika okuminyene kakhulu kulindele umphumela ofanayo. Inketho enhle ukubeka izitshalo ezinde embhedeni ophakathi, futhi ezinhlangothini zegreenhouse - emangalisa.
Ungayandisa kanjani umkhiqizo we-greenhouse?
Ezingadini zokugcina izithombo ezincane, lapho kuvame khona imibhede emi-2, izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezingama-novice zitshala utamatisi koyedwa, namakhukhamba ngokuhlukile. Kulokhu, womabili amasiko ahlupheka, ngoba adinga izimo ezihlukile zokukhula nentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlukanisa ingaphakathi ezindaweni ezi-2 ngentambo yokuhlukanisa, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ukuxhomekeka kwezimo ezikhulayo zesitshalo esingumakhelwane.
Kungenzeka ukukhuphula umkhiqizo wokugcina okuluhlaza ngokuqinisa izitshalo eziyisisekelo ngokutshala ama-timers akhula kancane ngesistimu engenampande. Ungathatha izitshalo eziningana. Hlwanyela izinhlobo eziningi ezingama-radish ku-greenhouse ngejika lokuqala (Ephreli). Ngemuva kokuvuna, tshala izithombo zamatamatisi noma ukhukhamba ngoMeyi. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela nokuvuna imifino ebandayo eqinile ebandayo (ama-radish, dill kuma-greens, u-anyanisi on feather), tshala iklabishi, amasaladi noma utamatisi, ukhukhamba.
Imifino yezinhlobo ezifanayo endaweni eyodwa ye-greenhouse ikhula kahle ngezinsuku ezihlukile zokuvuthwa (ekuqaleni, phakathi). Ngemuva kokuvuna kusenesikhathi, tshala isivuno esilandelayo esinemfanelo efanayo nezidingo zemvelo (iklabishi, isaladi, imifino, isithombo, u-anyanisi on the feather). Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo wegreenhouse embhedeni owodwa, ungasebenzisa uhlobo lokutshala oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe noluphindaphindwe njalo.
Ngakho-ke, ungatshala ukhukhamba nge dill kanye neklabishi ngama-radish ngasikhathi sinye engadini. Utamatisi kanye nopelepele wensimbi kungenziwa kufakwe amakhambi, u-anyanisi on the feather, radives. Imibhede yokuhlwanyela ephindaphindwayo ingakhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Okokuqala hlwanyela izinhlobo zokuqala zesithombo, ngemuva kokuvuna, amasaladi ezitshalo kanye nemifino. Ngemuva kokusika isivuno, phinda uhlwanyele izinhlobo zakudala zesithombo noma u-anyanisi on the feather, nezinye izitshalo eziluhlaza. Kungenzeka ukhule imifino ebanda kuqala ebandayo engadini futhi, ngemuva kokusika, utshale iklabishi emhlophe yokuqala, ubhontshisi.
Ukubekwa kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene ku-greenhouseSebenzisa i-greenhouse ukukhulisa izithombo zemifino
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezinokushisa okumi kancane zisetshenziswa yonke indawo enyakatho, ezifundeni ezinamahlobo nje amafushane ebandayo. Imvamisa zisebenza unyaka nonyaka. Eningizimu, ephakathi nendawo ye-chernozemic nakwezinye izindawo ezinezikhathi ezifudumele ezanele, imithombo yokugcina izithombo iqandisiwe (vula uphahla) ebusika noma ivunyelwe ukuphumula futhi ifakwe ekukhiqizeni kusuka ngoFebhuwari ukuze kukhule izithombo zemifino.
Ngokuya esifundeni (bheka i-athikili "Izinsuku zokutshala izilimo zemifino zezithombo ezifundeni ezihlukile"), ukuhlwanyela ukuthola izithombo kuqala kusuka ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli-Meyi.
Kuyinto elula ukukhulisa izithombo zokugcina ukushisa okuncane ekhaya. Ukukhulisa izithombo ezinkulu zezitshalo ezihlukile zemifino, kusebenza kakhulu ukusebenzisa esinye sezindawo kugcotshwa. Ngemuva kokusampula kwezithombo, indawo ephumile ihlalwa yisitshalo semifino. Ungasebenzisa ishelufu esikhiphekayo lwezithombo.
Sebenzisa i-greenhouse ukukhulisa izitshalo
Ezifundeni lapho kuqala ukwanda kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izitshalo ezithile zemifino azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ziyafa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibi. Ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa kukuvumela ukuthi unwebe isikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo futhi uthole isivuno esigcwele. Imvamisa, ikholifulawa, amaliki, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-parley kanye nabanye abangenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezilimo zemifino kudingeka ukuthi kutshalwe.
Izitshalo ezihloselwe ukukhula zingumbiwa ngokucophelela ngenhlama yenhlabathi zidluliselwe kwizimbobo zokutshala ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ngaphambi kokutshala, amaqabunga alimile futhi aphuzi ayasuswa ezitshalweni ezihlaza okotshani, bese impande enkulu ifushaniswa ku-parsley ne-celery.Umgodi ugcwaliswa ngamanyolo (i-nitrofos, kemira), amasiko aniselwayo futhi atshaliwe.
Ukunakekelwa kubandakanya ukunisela nokugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo. Ukuphuma kweqondo lokushisa, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nokubonakala kwamazolo ezitshalweni akufanele kuvunyelwe. Lapho kuvela izikebhe zokubumba, kufanele uvele ujabule umhlabathi ngomlotha bese usula ungqimba olungaphezulu ngesihlabathi esomile.
Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-greenhouse kusuka ezitshalweni ezikhulayo kuya emifino ekhulayo engazange ibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, khona-ke umthwalo wayo womsebenzi uzokuba ngaphezulu, futhi umndeni uzonikezwa imifino namavithamini amasha imifino isikhathi eside.
