Isitshalo esiqhakaza saseSt. John wort (Hypericum) siyilungu lomndeni weSt John wort, kepha phambilini lolu hlobo lobuciko lwaluyingxenye yomndeni kaKluzievye. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, iSt John's wort itholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele, futhi nangaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Kugcwele kakhulu eMedithera. Igama lale nhlobo yiLatinization yegama lesiGreek, eliqukethe izimpande ezi-2, elihunyushwe lisho ukuthi "mayelana" nokuthi "heather". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-wort yase-St. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-300. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakathi nendawo, ezimweni zemvelo, i-wort yaseSt. Lezi zinhlobo zitshalwa, njenge-evergreen hypericum, zikhule njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Izici zeHypericum
I-Hypericum perforatum, noma yokwelapha kubantu kubhekiselwa kuyo njengegazi le-hare, i-wort yase-St. John wort, utshani obomvu, igazi, izibungu, igazi. Ukusuka kwi-rhizome emincane, kodwa enamandla, amahlumela emakhakhasi amakhulu ahlukahlukene akhula minyaka yonke, afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-0.8. Kancane kancane ihlumela eliluhlaza eliluhlaza lithola umbala obomvu onsundu. Ngaphezulu bushelelezi besiqu kukhona imifino emi-2 etholakala endaweni ende. Amapuleti amaqabunga angenamsoco aphikisanayo angamaphethelo onke futhi abe nesimo se-oblong-ovoid noma se-elliptical. Ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-30 mm kanti ububanzi bawo bubalelwa ku-15 mm. Phezu kobuso bazo kukhona izindlala eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo kuthiwa senziwe ngazo ukwenziwa ngamafutha. Izimbali ezifanele zombala ophuzi wegolide zine-stamens ezinde, ezifakwa emigqonyeni emithathu. Lezi zimbali ziqoqwa kuma-racemose-corymbose apical inflorescence. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngoJuni, futhi isikhathi saso siyizinsuku ezingama-20-30. Izithelo ziyibhokisi lonxantathu olunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi olunendawo enezikhala. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziyaqhekeka.
Ukutshala kwe-wort yaseSt
Ukufika kwe-wort yaseSt
I-Mediceric yezokwelapha nengadi ingasatshalaliswa kalula ngembewu. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokutshala nokukhulisa lesi sitshalo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo noma ngo-Okthoba. Ekwindla, imbewu esanda kukhethwa ingasetjenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa. Lapho utshala entwasahlobo, imbewu idinga ukuhlelwa kabusha, ngoba lokhu kufanele kuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi esimanzi bese kufakwa emgqonyeni wengilazi noma esikhwameni sepulasitiki, esibekwa eshalofini lesiqandisini esakhelwe imifino emavikini angama-6- 6. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke izithombo entwasahlobo zizovela ekuseni, ngezithombo ziyoba mnene. Kepha uma intwasahlobo igqamile njengesixegayo noma eyomile, khona-ke ukubonakala kwezithombo akukwazi ukulinda noma kuzokufa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo, ama-plantlets abonakala ngokuthuthuka kancane.
Ukufakelwa komhlaba kufanele kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyela ebusika lokhu kwenziwa ehlobo, futhi kwentwasahlobo - ekwindla. Ngokuhlwanyelwa, kunconywa ukukhetha indawo enelanga enesivikelo esihle emimoyeni ebandayo. Inhlabathi ekhishwe kahle kufanele ibe yisihlabathi noma i-loamy. Abanduleli abahle kakhulu be-wort yaseSt. Ngemuva kokumba, inhlabathi kumele ibe yizembe kuze kube kabili, bese kuthi indawo engaphezulu yendawo idonswe ngendenge. Lapho ugaya enhlabathini, kufanele kwethulwe umquba we-peat noma umquba ojikelezayo (nge-1 imitha skwele ama-3-4 kg). Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ichitheke kahle, emva kwalokho baqale ukuhlwanyela. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngemigqa, kuyilapho isikhala somugqa sisuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Awudingi ukumba imbewu emhlabathini, kodwa kufanele ifafazwe phezulu ngenhla yomhlaba noma isihlabathi. Lapho-ke izilimo ziniselwa ngokucophelela. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi imbewu ihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, khona-ke ukusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, kunconywa ukumboza leyo ndawo ngefilimu.
ISt. Wort
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kakhulu, kepha yize kunjalo, kusadinga ukunakekelwa okuhle. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhula lwasendaweni okungenani kathathu, futhi kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi isiqiniseko sokuthi ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lonke likhululekile. Ungakhohlwa ukunisela i-wort yaseSt. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, umhlabathi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kufanele ukhelwe, ngenkathi amahlumela wangonyaka odlule kufanele anqunywe. Ukuchelela kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi endaweni eyomile yesayithi. Uma kunesomiso nokushisa, khona-ke isibalo sokunisela sizodinga ukwandiswa. Uma lina kaningi ehlobo, khona-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sanele ukuniselwa nhlobo.
I-wort yase-St. John iyinto engapheli ukuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka yokukhula kwayo ingawuqeda kakhulu umhlabathi, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sizokwehla ngokushesha, nenhlabathi ibe mpofu. Ukugwema lokhu, umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe njalo enhlabathini. Okondla, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-Nitroammofoska, ingeniswa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo (1 imitha skwele 8 amagremu), futhi ukuphakela kabusha kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwe-wort yaseSt.
Lesi siko simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke asidingi ukumbozwa ubusika. Uma kunobusika obandayo kakhulu, khona lapho izihlahla zingase zibande, noma kunjalo, esikhathini esilandelayo sokukhula, zizolulama ngokushesha. Esimweni lapho kulindeleke ubusika obubanda kakhulu, obunobusika obuncane, khona-ke uma kwenzeka, kunconywa ukumboza le ndawo nge-wort yaseSt.
Isivuno se-Hypericum
ISt John wort iyaqhakaza kuphela iminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, ungaqala ukuvuna utshani. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa okuluhlaza kufanele ziqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza (kusuka ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni kuya kwelokuqala - kuJulayi), futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe lapho kunesimo sezulu esomile nesomile. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa izinto ezingavuthiwe, kuyadingeka ukuncipha amasentimitha aphezulu angama-25-30 amahlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikela, ukugawula izithungu noma ummese obukhali, noma kunjalo, uma le ndawo inkulu kakhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa isikali. Izinto zokwakha eziqoqiwe kufanele zithunyelwe lapho kuzomiswa khona ngokushesha, uma lokhu kungenziwa, ukuqala kwawo mnyama kanye nokubola kuzoqala. Ukuze womiswe, utshani bubekwa egumbini elimnyama elinomoya omuhle, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa kufanele abe ngama-50 degrees. Ungakhohlwa ukuphenduka njalo uguqule utshani, lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukoma ngokulinganayo. Lapho nje amahlumela eqala ukugqashuka kalula, bese izimbali namahlamvu amapule ziqhekeka, singafunga ukuthi inqubo yokumisa isiphelile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqediwe zidinga ukubekwa emiphongweni yobumba noma yengilazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ungasebenzisa amabhokisi amakhadibhodi noma izikhwama zamaphepha. I-wort yeSt. John kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni komoya okungama-5-25 degrees iminyaka emi-3.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-wort yaseSt
ISt. John Wort (Hypericum ascyron)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiMpumalanga Ekude, iJapan, ingxenye eseningizimu yeSiberia, China nezindawo ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo sangemuva kungamamitha ayi-1,2. Engxenyeni engenhla, amahlumela we-tetrahedral avele kancane. Amapuleti amaqabunga aqinile anesiqu esigcwele ngokuphelele anendawo ebunjiwe, futhi ebusweni bawo kunezindlala eziningi ezigqamile. Ubude bamaqabunga buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-100 mm. Indawo engemuva yazo inombala grey. Izimbali, ezifika ku-80 mm ubukhulu, zinombala ophuzi, zitholakala izingcezu ezingama-3-5 kumathiphu wamagatsha, kuthi kutholakale eyodwa.
IGoblet's Hypericum (Hypericum gebleri)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala eCentral Asia, Japan, Siberia, China naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinamagatsha acishe abe ngu-100 cm. Amapuleti weqabunga le-Sedentary angaba umugqa we-lanceolate noma oblong. Ezikhondweni zeziqu kukhona izimbali eziphuzi ezicebile, ububanzi bayo bungaba ngu-15 mm. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngoJulayi, futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 kuye kwangama-40.
I-Hypericum olimpicum
Ukuphakama kwalesi shrub kungamamitha angama-0.15-0.35. Uhlelo lwezimpande olungashisi impela lunamandla amakhulu. Amapuleti eshidi le-Linear-elliptic anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-inflorescence we-apical semi-umbellate aqukethe izimbali eziphuzi, ezifika ku-50 mm ngaphesheya. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1706.
I-Hypericum calyxinum (Hypericum calycinum)
Lolu hlobo luvela eMedithera eseMpumalanga, eTranscaucasia yasentshonalanga naseBalkan. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yingxenye yemitha. Le nhlobo ehlala iluhlaza inamapuleti amaqabunga ansundu anomumo we-elliptical noma oblong. Izimbali eziphuzi ububanzi zingafinyelela ku-60-80 mm, zinesibalo esikhulu sazo. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1676. Ifomu leCitrinum lithandwa kakhulu; izimbali zaso zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi.
I-wort yase-St. John (Hypericum nummularioides)
Lenhlobo iyi-semi-ampet petrophyte, okusho ukuthi incamela ukukhula emadwaleni nasematsheni. Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo esimfushane ngamasentimitha ayi-5-15 kuphela. Kukhona inani elikhulu lamahlumela amancane ahlutshiwe aqine engxenyeni engezansi. Cishe amapuleti okulala angaphansi grey acishe abe nesimo sokusaqanda, futhi izindlala zitholakala kuwo. Ukwakheka kwama-ambulensi angama-apical afaka phakathi kwezimbali ezi-2 kuya kweziyi-5.
I-wort yase-St. John (Hypericum patulum)
Lolu hlobo lutholakala eSoutheast Asia ukusuka eJapan kuya eHimalaya. Ukuphakama kwalesi sihlahla esihlala sinamagatsha aqine kakhulu cishe kungamasentimitha ayi-100. Amagatsha athululiwe atholwe nsundu. Amahlumela amancane angenalutho apendwe ngombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani noma o-carmine. Amapuleti amaqabunga wesikhumba anomumo we-elliptical or ovoid. Ama-inflorescence amancane-aqhakaza izimbali aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi eziphuzi ezinama-stamens amaningi amade.
I-wort yase-St. John (Hypericum androsaemum), noma i-wort yaseSt
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala e-Asia Minor, eCaucasus nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu, kuyilapho ikhetha ukukhula emithambekeni yezintaba, emahlathini naseziphepheni. Lesi sihlahla somhlanga esihlala sinezimpawu zokukhula ngokushesha futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-100. Izimbali eziphuzi azimeleli noma yiliphi inani lokuhlobisa. Izithelo ezingafani nenyama ezinjenge bheli kuqala zishintsha umbala wazo ohlaza zibe obomvu, bese ziphenduka zibe mnyama ebusika.
I-St John's wort (Hypericum x inodorum)
Lolu hlobo lunye lokuhlobisa kakhulu. Kule wort enjalo yaseSt. John, amapuleti amaqabunga agcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi izithelo ezinkulu zingapendwe ngombala ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, onsomi, obomvu, obumhlophe, obumhlophe, o-salmon noma omnyama.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo, zihlakulela okufana nalokhu: i-wort yase-St. KaJohn, onomusa, onezinwele ezilukhuni, Kamchatka, eziningi-leaved, Kalman, honeysuckle, njll.
Izakhiwo ze-Hypericum: ukulimaza nokuhlomula
Izici eziwusizo ze-wort yaseSt
ISt John wort iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo zokwelapha. Ukwakheka kwalesi sitshalo kufaka i-rutin, i-quercetin, i-nicotinic kanye ne-ascorbic acid, ushukela, ama-saponins, i-carotene, i-choline, i-volatile, i-oyili ebalulekile, okubabayo, okubomvu kanye ne-tannins. Ngenxa yokwakheka okunothile, i-wort yase-St. John isetshenziselwa ukwelapha inani elikhulu lezifo.
Lesi sitshalo sinomphumela we-antirheumatic, antiseptic, ukuphulukisa amanxeba, i-choleretic, i-antibacterial, i-analgesic, i-diuretic ne-anthelmintic. Kusetshenziswa umuthi wendabuko nowendabuko.
Ukufakwa kwalesi sitshalo, okulungiselelwe emanzini, kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwelapha i-rheumatism, umkhuhlane, izifo zesibindi, i-bladder kanye nesisu, ama-hemorrhoids, ama-enisis, kanye nezifo zabesifazane nobuhlungu ekhanda. Ukuthi i-wort yase-St. John inezokwelapha ibisaziwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, hhayi esikhathini eside esidlule, ososayensi bathola ukuthi isenomphumela wokulwa nokucindezela, futhi inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Lokhu kutholwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba imikhiqizo yakwaSt. Wort ayibangeli imiphumela emibi engafuneki, enamakhemikhali amaningi.
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa nezifo zokuvuvukala zomgogodla womlomo (i-stomatitis, isifo sezinsini, ipharyngitis, umphimbo obuhlungu), ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa (ukuqwasha, ukukhathazeka okwandayo, izimo ezicindezelayo), kwezifo zesistimu yokugaya ukudla kanye nepheshana le-biliary (cholecystitis, hepatitis, uhudo, udyskinesia, hypotension i-gallder, i-acid yesisu ephansi, ukuqhakaza). Umuthi wokulungisa umuthi uNovoimanin, owakhiwa ngesisekelo seSt. Wort, usetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba ezihlanzekile (ukusha, amathumba namanxeba athelelekile), i-sinusitis, ukuvuvukala kwe-pharynx noma i-phlegmon. Lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kakhulu, ngakho-ke sikwazile ukucindezela ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus, ephikiswa nenani elikhulu lama-antibhayirasi.
Kusetshenziswa enye indlela yokwelapha, i-wort yaseSt. Isetshenziswa futhi njengomkhiqizo wezimonyo. Kuyasiza kakhulu ngokuqina, okuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi, ukuqhekeka kwezithende, umqubuko, impandla, ukubulala kanye imibimbi.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sokwelapha sisetshenziswa ngendlela yokumiliselwa kwamanzi, itiye lokwelapha, i-decoction ne-tincture yotshwala. Lezi zimali zingenziwa ngezandla zakho. Ukulungiswa kwamakhambi, lapho lesi sitshalo sikhona, kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ungadliwa
Izindlela zokupheka ezidume kakhulu zendlela ongayenza ekhaya ngezandla zakho:
- Ukumiliselwa. 1 isipuni esikhulu sotshani obomile noma izipuni ezi-2 ezinkulu zosikiwe osanda kuxutshwa ne-1 tbsp. amanzi asanda kubiliswa. Umxube uhlanzwa endaweni emnyama, ukumiliselwa kuzobe sekumi ngomumo ngemuva kwamahora angama-3-4. Umkhiqizo ocijekile kufanele udakwe ama-milligram angama-15 izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku kuze kube isidlo. Kuyasiza nge-cystitis, isifo se-gallstone, i-gastritis, i-colitis, izinhlungu ekhanda, futhi futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukujikeleza kwe-venous kanye nokwandisa umfutho wegazi. Ithuluzi elinjalo libuye lisetshenziselwe ukuhlanza umlomo ngesifo somlomo, kanye nangomkhuhlane. Futhi kusuka lapho yenza ama-compress kanye ne-lotions yokuvuvukala kwesikhumba. Lapho ugeza ingane encane kubhavu, kunconywa futhi ukuthulula lo mkhiqizo.
- Isinqumo. Imbiza eyodwa nengxenye enkulu yotshani obugayiwe baseSt John's wort kufanele buhlanganiswe ne-1 tbsp. amanzi asanda kubiliswa. Ingxube ithululelwa esitsheni esingamelana nokushisa (i-enameled noma ingilazi) bese ifakwa kubhavu wamanzi. Umkhiqizo kufanele ufudumale imizuzu engama-20-30. (ngaphandle kokubilisa). Isetshenziselwa ukugeza, ukuhlikihla isikhumba nezinwele, bese kuthi ngaphakathi umhluzi kuthathwe ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu.
- Tincture. IVodka (izingxenye ezi-7) noma utshwala (izingxenye eziyi-10) kumele ihlanganiswe ne-St John wort (1 ingxenye). Ingxube igcotshwe kahle futhi ihlanzwe endaweni epholile futhi emnyama. I-tincture izolunga ngezinsuku ezi-3. Ngaphambi kokufaka umuthi ngaphakathi, kufanele uhlanjululwe ngamanzi (1 tsp. Tincture ku-50 ml wamanzi). Ama-compress afudumele nawo enziwa kuwo, asiza ngemisipha nobuhlungu obuhlangene. I-tincture isetshenziselwa futhi ukuphefumula nokuhlanza i-patity yomlomo.
- Tea. Kwi-teapot udinga ukuthulula i-1 tsp. I-wort yaseSt., Ngemuva kwalokho bathululela u-1 tbsp. amanzi asanda kubiliswa. Futhi esiphuzweni ungathululela ama-sitrobheli noma aqhakaze ulamula. Lesi siphuzo asinazo izinto zokwelapha, kepha sisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
Contraindication
Le herb nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesisekelo sayo akufanele ithathwe kwiziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi angeke zisetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenza imidwebo engemnandi emgodleni womlomo, i-urticaria, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yesibindi. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezinjalo kunomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwe-potency yowesilisa, noma kunjalo, amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuphela kwe-wort yaseSt. Futhi, ukuthatha le mithi kusiza ukwandisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, kulokhu, lapho welapha i-wort yase-St. Itiye elinamandla ngokweqile kusuka kulo mkhambi lingaholela ebuhlungu esiswini.
