Isitshalo esiqhakaza i-Arctotis (Arctotis) simele umndeni wakwa-Astrov. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-70. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengeziyingozi esifundeni saseCape, ezingaba ngu-30 zitholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Angola naseZimbabwe, kanti enye ingxenye ikhula eNingizimu Melika. Igama lalesi sitshalo lihunyushwa lisuselwa esiGrekini ngokuthi "indlebe yebhere", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isihlahla sinobuchopho obukhulu kakhulu. I-Arctotis isitshalwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Izici ze-Arctotis
Emvelweni, i-arctotis imelelwa izihlahla nezitshalo ze-herbaceous. Phezu kwamahlamvu namahlumela kukhona i-pubescence emnyama yombala omhlophe noma wesiliva. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahlelwe njalo noma aphikisiwe anokwakheka okulinganiselwe noma okungahlanganisiwe. Ama-inflorescences-basiketi obukhulu obunjengama-saucer afinyelela ku-50-80 mm, ngaphandle afana kakhulu ne-chamomile noma i-gerbera. Izimbali ezizodwa zitholakala kuma-peduncle amade, zifaka izimbali zomhlanga ezi-marginal ezinombala onsomi, ophuzi, omhlophe noma opinki, kanye nezimbali ze-tubular Median, ezidwetshwe ngombala onsomi, onsomi noma onsundu. Ukwakheka kwe-inflorescence ye-multi-irowu kuhlanganisa izikali eziningi. Isithelo siyimbewu emsundu. Imbewu ihlala isebenza iminyaka emi-2.
I-Arctotis iyi-perennial, minyaka yonke futhi i-biennial. Izinhlobo ze-perennial ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile sikhula njengonyaka.
Ukutshala i-Arctotis emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala kwe-Arctotis kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
I-Arctotis ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, futhi kwenziwa kangcono ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ukukhulisa izithombo zezimbali ezinhle kangaka kulula. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kunconywe maphakathi no-Mashi, ngoba lokhu kubekwe emabhodweni we-peat wezingcezu ezi-3-5. Thatha ipallet bese ubeka lapho wonke amabhodwe, adinga ukumbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu ngaphezulu. Izithombo zokuqala zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Akunconywa ukuthi kutshalwe izithombo zalesi siko ngezinga eliphelele, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela ukukhetha. Kepha uma kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ibhokisi lalisetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa, khona-ke izithombo ngesikhathi kusungulwa amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2 azodingeka ukusikwa ezimbizeni, kube nezitshalo ezi-3 ezikhula kuleso naleso. Ngemuva kokuphakama kwezithombo kufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10-12, kufanele aphinwe ukuze izihlahla zinhle ngokwedlulele.
Ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile yezithombo kwenziwa kuphela lapho ukusongela kwesithwathwa sokubuya kwentwasahlobo kushiywa ngemuva, njengomthetho, kulokhu kuwela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo kumele zenziwe lukhuni ukuze zijwayele izimo ezintsha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nsuku zonke, izithombo kufanele zithuthelwe emgwaqweni, ngenkathi ukwanda kwesikhathi sale nqubo kufanele kube kancane kancane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokuqinisa izinqubo, izithombo kufanele zikwazi ukuhlala emgwaqweni ubusuku nemini.
Izimbobo zokufakelwa kufanele zenziwe zibheka ibanga phakathi kwazo okungamamitha ayi-0,25-0.4. Badinga ukudlula ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo, ngenkathi bezama ukungabhubhisi inqwaba yomhlaba. Esimweni lapho izithombo zikhulele ezimbizeni zekhonkwane, khona-ke kufanele itshalwe ndawonye nalezi ziqukathi. Imigwaqo kufanele igcwale inhlabathi, ingaphezulu layo idinga ukwenziwa kancane. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi.
Ungatshala kanjani i-arctotis engadini
Ezifundeni lapho kufika khona intwasahlobo kuqala, futhi kufudumele impela, kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-arctotis enhlabathini evulekile ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi. Leli siko lithanda ukukhanya, kulokhu, indawo kufanele ivuleke futhi ibe nelanga. Inhlabathi efanelekayo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle, futhi kufanele kufakwe ulamula. Lesi sitshalo asinconywa ukuba sikhulele kubumba lomhlabathi omanzi. Ngesikhathi sokutshala imbewu, imbewu eyi-4 noma engu-5 kufanele ibekwe emthonjeni ngamunye. Uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-arctotis etshaliwe kunomthelela oqinile ebangeni phakathi kwezimbobo zokutshala. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezitshalo ezinde, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga okungenani le-0,4 m, futhi phakathi kwezitshalo ezinonile - cishe u-0.25 m. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu itshaliwe, ubuso besiqephu budinga ukunyathelwa kancane, bese buniselwa kahle. Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-10,5 seziyekele. Uma isitshalo sinikezwe ukunakekelwa okufanele, ingaqala ukuqhakaza ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-8.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Arctotis engadini
Ukunakekela i-arctotis ekhule engadini kulula kakhulu, udinga nje ukuyiphuzisa, ukhula, ukondle, ukhulule indawo yomhlabathi, uyiqine, futhi uyiphathe kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo, uma kunesidingo.
Leli siko limelana kakhulu nesomiso, uhlelo lwempande zezihlahla luyakwazi ukukhipha umswakama ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Kulokhu, i-arctotis ayidingi ukuthambisa kaningi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside, kusadingekile ukuyinkcenkceshela ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi indawo enomswakama yenhlabathi kulula kakhulu ukuyithukulula futhi ivele.
Ukudla okuphoqelekile kwalesi sitshalo akudingekile. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kwakhiwa ama-buds nezimbali, kusanconywa ukuthi izihlahla zondliwe ngomanyolo onzima wamaminerali. Izinto eziphilayo zokondla leli siko azisetshenziswa.
Noma kunjalo ungakhohlwa ukususa ngesikhathi obhasikidi oqale ukubuna, okuthinta ukwakheka okusebenzayo kokusebenza kwama-buds amasha. Ngokuvamile amabhishi amade adinga i-garter yokusekelwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lesi siko simelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, izimbungulu kanye nama-aphid asengakwazi ukuhlala emasimini. Uma i-arctotis itshalwe emhlabathini omanzi, kanye nangemvula ende, amathuba okuthi ukuvuthwa grey aphakeme.
Ukuqeda izimbungulu ze-meadow, ama-bush kufanele aphathwe ngesisombululo sesinaphi (ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi ama-100 amagremu kafulawa owomile) noma ukumnika u-anyanisi. Uma kunesidingo, ukucubungula kungenziwa ngokulungiselela ukubulala izinambuzane. I-Aphid yisinambuzane esincelayo esidla ujusi wezitshalo, futhi futhi singesinye sezinkinga ezibalulekile zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezithathwa njengezingelapheki. Ukuwususa, kufanele usebenzise ama-insecticides, isibonelo: Actellik, Fitoverm, Aktara, njll.
Uma isihlahla sonakaliswa ngokubola okungwevu, kufanele sisuswe emhlabathini bese sibhujiswa, ngoba isifo esinjalo singelapheki. Amabhasi asele kumele afafazwe ngesixazululo sokubulala ukhunta, ngokwesibonelo, uFundazole.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Izitshalo ezikhuliswe njengonyaka ngemuva kokuphelelwa ukusebenza ziyabiwa bese ziyashiswa. Futhi lapho kuqala ukwindla, imfucumfucu yesitshalo kumele isuswe esizeni, bese imbiwa. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, zonke izinhlobo zama-arctotis zitshalwa njengonyaka. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine kungenzeka ukukhulisa izinhlobo zonyaka zalesi sitshalo, kodwa ebusika kuphela zidinga ukumbozwa kahle. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, nquma ingxenye yesihlahla ebekwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Lapho-ke isihla sendawo kufanele sifakwe ngohlaka lwamagxolo, utshani noma sawdust, ngaphezulu kwengadi yezimbali bayimboza ngezindwangu ezingezona ezilukiweyo noma amagatsha e-spruce.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-arctotis ezinezithombe namagama
Ezindongeni eziphakathi nendawo, akulona izinhlobo eziningi ze-arctotis ezitshaliwe.
I-Arctotis emfishane (i-Arctotis breviscapa)
Lesi sitshalo se-perennial siyisihlahla esihlanganisiwe, ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli amasentimitha ayi-15. Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiNingizimu Afrika. Phezu kwamahlumela namaqabunga amaqabunga kukhona ukuzwakala kwembala omhlophe. Izimbali zomhlanga ezi-marginal zidwetshwa ngombala o-orange ojulile. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1812.
I-Arctotis Rough (i-Arctotis aspera)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo ubuye naseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,4 kuya ku-0.5 m. Ekuphakameni okuphakathi, le nhlobo ihlakulelwa njengonyaka. Ububanzi be-inflorescences-baskets cishe buyi-50 mm, zifaka izimbali eziphuziweyo ezibomvu kanye nezimbali zomhlanga ophuzi ezinamabala ansundu.
I-Arctotis stemless (i-Arctotis acaulis = I-Arctotis scapigera)
Le nhlobo i-perennial futhi inompande oqinile wenduku. Ubude bamaqabunga amaqabunga we-cirrus-dissected cishe amasentimitha angama-20, indawo yabo yangaphambili iluhlaza futhi uhlangothi olungalungile lumhlophe, ngoba kukhona i-pubescence kuyo. Amabhasikidi ubukhulu angaba ngu-50 mm, afaka izimbali zomhlanga ezinombala ophuzi ngotshani onsomi, kanye nezimbali ze-tubular zombala obomvu-omnyama.
I-Arctotis stochasifolius (Arctotis stoechadifolia)
Le nhlobo ivela naseNingizimu Afrika. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial eziphakathi nendawo esiphakathi sitshalwa njengonyaka. Amahlumela aluhlaza aqhakaze ngokuluhlaza anobude obungaba ngu-100 cm, futhi ingaphezulu lawo limbozwe nge-pubescence, elinenqwaba ethambile yombala wesiliva elimhlophe. Amapuleti eshidi le-asymmetric aminyene anobume be-lanceolate-oval, onqenqemeni lwawo lwenziwe serated futhi wavy. Akhiwe ngokuphambene, futhi ebusweni bawo kukhona uzwayo we-pubescence. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi ayimfihlo, kanti angaphezulu anesiphuphu. Kumabhulukwe amade kukhona ama-inflorescence amnandi odwa, iphunga lawo alinamandla, kepha limnandi kakhulu. Kubandakanya izimbali eziseceleni kombala omhlophe qhwa, futhi izisekelo zazo zinombala ophuzi, kanti ingaphansi lawo lingumbala onsomi. Futhi ziqukethe izimbali ezincane ze-tubular ezinombala o-violet-grey, phakathi kubhasikidi bakha idiski yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngosuku olunamafu, ama-inflorescence ayavala. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1900. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-grandis: ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziyinhloko, amapuleti awo anamaqabunga akade, amabhasikidi nawo makhulu.
I-Arctotis hybrid (i-Arctotis x hybridus)
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa nzalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi. Zitholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arctotis. Lezi nzalo zingatshalwa zombili njengonyaka nangonyaka, konke kuya ngokuthi isimo sezulu sikuphi esifundeni sakho. Hhayi kaningi, abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezinjengalezi: acticular arctotis - umbala wezimbali zomhlanga uphuzi ocebile; amahle - izimbali zasemaceleni zihlaza okwesibhakabhaka; obabazekayo, noma obabazekayo - ngezimbali ezinkulu zesifunda ze-orange. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:
- I-Pink Suga. Izimbali ezincishisiwe kusuka maphakathi kuya ezisekelweni zingolintshi-ophuzi, futhi kusukela emikhawulweni kuya maphakathi - lilac-pink.
- Mahogany. Izimbali ze-tubular ziluhlaza, kanti eziyizimbangela kukhona i-orange-terracotta.
- Haley. Umbala wezimbali zomhlanga uphuzi ngokugqamile, kanti maphakathi uqukethe imibuthano e-cylindrical emnyama nemnyama.
- Brick Red. Umbala wezimbali zomhlanga ubomvu, kanti ophakathi nendawo unombala onsundu-ophuzi.
Izingxube zeHarlequin nazo zithandwa kakhulu kusiko, okubandakanya izinhlobo zemibala ehlukahlukene.
