UJatropha (Jatropha) ungowomndeni u-Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae). Igama lalesi sitshalo livela embhalweni wamaGrikhi futhi liqanjwa ngegama elithi "Jartys" nelithi "tropha", elihunyushwe ngokulandelana ngokuthi "udokotela" nokuthi "ukudla". Yisihlahla, isihlahlana noma imbiza yaphakade equkethe ubisi oluyimphunga. Izindawo zokwabiwa - i-Afrika ezishisayo neMelika eshisayo.
Lesi sitshalo sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile ngokuphelele ngenxa yokwakheka kwesiqu saso ngendlela yebhodlela. Isiqu sidonsa wonke amaqabunga ebusika, kanti ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo sakha izigaxa ngesimo sesambulela esinezimbali ezincane ezibomvu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimbali, amaqabunga anwebekile obanzi akhula ngama-petioles amade afinyelela ku-20 cm ubude.
Emafulethini ungahlangana naye kaningi, ngoba kubiza imali eningi. Kodwa ku-greenhouse yanoma iyiphi ingadi ye-botanical ungavuma ubuhle bayo obumangalisayo.
Ukunakekelwa kweJatropha ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Jatropha ithande izindawo ezigqamile nezigqamile ilanga, kepha kumele ifiphazwe, ukuze imisebe yelanga ingashisi amaqabunga. Ngenxa ye-Photophilia yakhe, uzoba ntofontofo ukukhula kumafasitela asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Uma isimo sezulu esinamafu sihlala isikhathi eside, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukujwayela i-jatropha elangeni ukuze kancane kancane sigweme ukushiswa okufanayo.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa elintofontofo kakhulu lalesi sitshalo ezinsukwini zasehlobo lisukela ku-18 liye kuma-22 degrees Celsius, nasebusika - lisuka ku-14 liye ku-16 degrees. IJatropha ingatshalwa ngokushisa kwegumbi elijwayelekile, esiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo.
Umswakama womoya
Umoya owomile awusilimazi isimo sesitshalo, ngoba ungabekezelela umswakama ophansi egumbini kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingekile ukufafaza i-jatropha ngamanzi. Kuphela kwesinye isikhathi kuyazuzisa ukumanzisa amaqabunga othulini olunqwabelwelwe kuwo.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela noma yisiphi isitshalo kwenziwa ngamanzi athambile, anakekelwa kahle, futhi i-jatropha nayo iyabonakala. Izintandokazi zakhe zokunisela zilungile. Nisela isitshalo uma ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu selomile. Ukuchelela ngokweqile kungaholela ekubambeni kwezimpande futhi, kamuva, ukufa kwesitshalo. Ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kube nomkhawulo, kuthi lapho amaqabunga esehlile, kumiswe ngokuphelele, kuvuseleleke kuphela entwasahlobo.
Inhlabathi
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanelekile kwe-jatropha kuyingxube yomhlaba kusuka ku-humus amaqabunga, isihlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-turf kwisilinganiso 2: 1: 1: 1.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Akudingekile ukondla i-jatropha ebusika, kepha entwasahlobo nasehlobo bavundisa njalo ngenyanga. Ilungele umanyolo we-cactus, ongathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimbali.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo kanye njalo eminyakeni eminingana. Amabhodwe angajulile futhi abanzi alungele izitshalo, futhi kubalulekile ukunakekela uhlelo oluhle lwamanzi.
Ukuzalanisa kweJatropha
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kwenziwa kakhulu kuyaqabukela ngenxa yokulahleka kokuhluma ngokushesha. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-jatropha isakazeka kusetshenziswa izingcezu ezinqunyiwe.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Imbewu ingatholakala ekhaya, izimbali zokuhlobisa izimbali zowesifazane ngokudlulisa impova kusuka kuma-inflorescences amadala (anama-stamens aphuzi) usebenzisa ibhulashi elivamile. Inqubo yokwenza impova yenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zezimbali. Ukuze kube lula ukuqoqa imbewu, kunconywa ukunamathisela isikhwama se-gauze kuzithelo, ngoba ziphonswa amabanga amade, kufinyelela kumitha elilodwa.
Imbewu ephumayo ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe. Sheleleza bese umboza ngembiza yengilazi bese usetha eduze nokushisa. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuthatha amasonto ambalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho amahlumela okopelayo adluliselwa endishini ehlukile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izithombo ezitshalwe kabusha zithola ukubukeka kwezitshalo ezindala. Isiqu sikhuphuka ngobukhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Futhi amaqabunga aqala ayindilinga, futhi kamuva aguqulwa abe ngama-wave-like. Kuzokwazi ukujabula ngamaqabunga e-paddle nezimbali zokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ngale ndlela, izindlela ezisikiwe zokusika zomiswa kuqala, bese zicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa noma yimuphi umgqugquzeli wokukhula, ngokwesibonelo, i-heteroauxin. Njengomhlabathi wokutshala izithombo uthathe i-humus nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1. Isidingo sokuqala sigcina amazinga okushisa angama-30- 32. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha inyanga eyodwa.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
- Ngokuphuza ngokweqile kwe-jatropha, izimpande zibola futhi, njengoba sekushiwo, ukufa kwesitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani lamanzi enzelwe ukunisela.
- Isicabucabu sithanda ukuhlasela izitshalo eziningi, i-jatropha nayo itholakala ekuhlaselweni okunjalo. Lapho lisakazeka ngesibungu sesicabucabu, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi awe. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngamanzi afudumele. Futhi uma i-lesion yaqala ukwanda, khona-ke ama-insecticides ayelashwa.
- Ama-thrips athinta ama-inflorescence, lapho izimbali ziwohloka futhi ziwe. Ukusiqothula, lesi sitshalo sihlanzwa ngamanzi, sifudumele ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi siphathwe ngesixazululo sezinambuzane.
- Ukukhula okuphukile kubonisa ukweqisa komanyolo. Musa ukususwa nabo, kepha manzisa inhlabathi kakhulu ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo.
- Amacembe ahlanganisiwe futhi ancibilikisiwe awuphawu lokushisa kwamanzi okuphansi lokunisela (kwanele ukufudumeza kancane kancane).
IJatropha isitshalo esikhethekayo, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya ngeke kube nzima ngisho nangomtshali wokuqala.
