I-Gloxinia (i-Gloxinia) ilunga lomndeni wamaGesneriaceae. Lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngegama lochwepheshe we-botisist wase-Alsatia kanye no-Benjamin Peter Gloksin. Lesi sitshalo sezimbali sifanekiselwa izihlahlana zasenhla nezitshalo zase-herbaceous. Le mbali iqhamuka eNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, lapho ithanda ukukhula khona emadwaleni eMexico, emahlathini anqabile ePeru naseBrazil, osebeni lomfula nasezintabeni zase-Andes. Enye i-gloxinia ibizwa ngokuthi yiSinningia, ngakho-ke imbali le yaqanjwa ngoWilhelm Sinning, owayengumnikazi wegadi eBoston University, indoda lena yachitha iningi lempilo yayo ihlanganisa futhi ikhiqiza i-gloxinia. Umphumela wemisebenzi yakhe kwaba ukuvela kwe-home or hybrid gloxinia, enenqwaba yama-nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo.
Izici ze-Gloxinia
Indoor gloxinia iyisitshalo sonyaka esidonsa esiningi. Amahlumela akhe amafushane, kanti amapuleti anamaqabunga agqamile akucwebe futhi anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Izimbali ezinjenge-belvety ezinjenge-bell zingaba kabili noma zilula, zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu, onsomi, zipinki futhi zimhlophe, futhi kukhona futhi ngamafreyimu, amachashaza namathoni amabili. Ngobubanzi, izimbali ezinjalo zifinyelela ku-70 mm, futhi ubude - 50 mm. IGloxinia inenombolo enkulu yembewu encane kakhulu ngosayizi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingama-25 zalesi sitshalo, noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi ikakhulukazi basebenza kuphela ne-gloxinia enhle ne-gloxinia yasebukhosini.
I-Royal Gloxinia (i-Gloxinia regina)
Lesi sitshalo sezimbali sinwebekile amahlumela, ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli ku-100 mm. Phezu kwamapuleti aluhlaza omnyama kukhona i-pubescence, imichilo yombala wesiliva itholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu, futhi ibomvu ngotshani phansi. Amaqabunga eShirokoovovalny akhiwe ngokuhlukile kuzicucu ezingama-4-6, ubude bawo afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15-20. Ezindongeni ezinde ezinde, kuphuma izimbali ezimise okwebhlokhi emnyama, kufinyelela kububanzi obuyi-70 mm, futhi ubude - 50 mm.
I-gloxinia enhle (i-Gloxinia speciosa)
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sinamaqabunga amaqabunga obude obukhulu anamaqabunga, athamba aze afinyelele phansi. Amaqabunga anjalo adwetshwe ngendlela efanayo eluhlaza. Izimbali, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, zingaba nesimo esehlukile, zipendwe ngombala obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, omhlophe, onsomi noma opinki, kukhona amafomu anomngcele omhlophe nxazonke onqenqemeni.
Le mbali inezici ezithile okufanele ukuthi umtshali azazi ngazo:
- Lapho izimbali seziqediwe, ingxenye yesitshalo ebekwe ngaphezu komhlaba izofa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinda kuze kuphele le nqubo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo siqale inkathi yokuthoba, sidinga ukondliwa bese kusetshenziselwa umanyolo kulokhu, lapho kungekho nitrogen, ngokwesibonelo, i-potassium monophosphate.
- Imbiza imbali enjalo idinga enkulu ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, i-gloxinia endala idinga ukutshalwa ebhodweni, ububanzi bufinyelela okungenani amasentimitha ayi-15.
- Ukuze izimbali zihlale unyaka wonke, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ishalofu elifudumele noma ishelufu lezitshalo ezinjalo, lapho izihlahla zizokhanyiswa khona amahora angama-14 ngosuku.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Gloxinia Ekhaya
Ukukhanya
Lapho kukhula i-gloxinia ezimweni zamakamelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe indawo eyindilinga yayo, okufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kuyilapho ukukhanya kudinga kukhanye, kepha kufiphale. Amahora okukhanya kwelanga afanelekayo anjalo wezimbali anamahora ayi-12-14. Kulokhu, kuzodinga ukukhanyiselwa emuva, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zobusuku obude. Ukuthola ukuthi isitshalo sinokukhanya okwanele kulula kakhulu: uma isiqu sifushane futhi amapuleti amaqabunga wombala oluhlaza omnyama abekwa ngokuqondile, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, isiqu namahlamvu kuzokwelula kuya phezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi imisebe yelanga eqondile akufanele iwe imbali enjalo, ngoba ingabhubhisa isitshalo. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-gloxinia isabela kabi kakhulu kokungakapheli, kulokhu, iwindi lapho limile alikwazi ukuvulwa kunoma yikuphi.
Umswakama womoya
I-Gloxinia idinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ayikwazi ukufafazwa, ngoba uketshezi akufanele luwele kumahlamvu awo nezimbali. Kulokhu, ukukhulisa umswakama, kunconywa ukubeka imikhumbi evulekile egcwaliswe ngamanzi eduze nembali.
Imodi yokushisa
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, leli siko lezimbali lizoba likwanele okujwayelekile kwekamelo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuwa, imbali kufanele ihlelwe kabusha endaweni epholile (cishe ama-degree ayi-10). Bheka imbali ngokucophelela, futhi wena uqobo uzokuqonda ukuthi izophuthelwa nini. Ngakho-ke, uma igumbi lishisa kakhulu, khona-ke amahlamvu aseduze nesihlahla aqala ukufinyelela phezulu. Futhi uma ebanda, khona lapho amapuleti eshidi awela ngaphansi komphetho wesitsha.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ngenkathi yokukhula, ukuchelela imbali kufanele kwenziwe ngethreyini noma ungasebenzisa ukuthambisa okungenhla, ngenkathi uzama ukuvikela amaconsi amanzi ukuba angawa ngamahlamvu noma izimbali. Ukunisela isitshalo kudingekile kuphela lapho ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi womile. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti, ukuthambisa kuqala ukwenziwa kancane futhi, ngoba ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba imbali kumele kancane kancane ingene esikhathini esishisayo. I-gloxinia yamanzi ngesikhathi futhi ungavumeli uketshezi lukuthuthele ku-substrate. Ngokunisela, sebenzisa amanzi ahlungiwe noma ahleliwe kahle, okufanele afudumele kancane (ama-degree ama-1-2) emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okunamandla 1 isikhathi ngeminyaka eyishumi, ngoba basebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wokuhlobisa izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali. Bayeka ukondla i-gloxinia kusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Uma ungayondli nhlobo, khona-ke lokhu kubi kakhulu ngokukhula nokuqhakaza kwesihlahla. Isibonelo: imbali iqala ukukhula kancane, imiqumbe iba yincane, umbala wezimbali uqhamuke ukhanye, isihlahla siphelelwa ngumhlobiso sangaphambili, nesikhathi sezimbali siyancipha.
Ngesilinganiso esanele se-boron ku-substrate, i-gloxinia ingaqala ukudala izinkinga. Ungakuqonda lokhu ehlobo, lapho usuku seluphelele: amafomu ajwayelekile okuqothula onqenqemeni lwamahlamvu. Ukulungisa lokhu, isitshalo sinikezwa isisombululo se-borax (2%). Kodwa-ke, ngokugqoka okungaphezulu, umuntu akufanele asisebenzise ngokweqile, ngoba ukugcwaliswa kakhulu komanyolo kusithinta kabi nesitshalo.
Ukufakelwa
Njalo ngonyaka, lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuna, isihlahla sidluliselwa kwisitsha esisha. Kulokhu, i-substrate ithathwa ngokufana ncamashi ne-begonias noma i-violets. Uma ufisa, ingxube yenhlabathi eqediwe ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile, futhi ungakwenza ngokwakho: kulokhu, hlanganisa umhlabathi we-humus namahlamvu, kanye nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2: 1.
Ukufakwa kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukususa imbali esitsheni kanye nesigaxa sobumba, bese idluliselwa esitsheni esisha, okufanele sibe ngaphezulu nje kwesidala. Phansi ebhodweni, ungakhohlwa ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamakhompiyutha, olufafazwe phezulu ngensimbi emincane yesendlalelo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukufaka kancane ingxube yenhlabathi futhi uyihlanganise. Ngenxa yalokhu, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifakwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi kuphela ½ ingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala okuyinhloko kwale mbali kuyenziwa futhi.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuphelile, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, kuzodingeka ukusika isiqu, futhi futhi cishe nawo wonke amapuleti amaqabunga, kusuka emaqabini aphansi 2 kuya ku-4 kufanele asale esihlahleni. Emagxeni walezi zihlahla zokuzala izingane kufanele zikhule maduze, kuzo kufanele kukhethwe 2 ezinamandla kakhulu, futhi ezisele kufanele zinqunywe. Ochwepheshe beluleka ukondla i-gloxinia ngamanyolo wokukhula ngalesi sikhathi, futhi emavikini ama-4 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kuvela, isitshalo sizodinga umanyolo wokuqhakaza. Ngokuvamile, izimbali eziphindaphindwayo ziyindlala uma ziqhathaniswa nezokuqala. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqhakaza kuhlala ihlobo lonke, bese isitshalo singabe siqhakaza futhi. Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo siphela ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukuthambisa, futhi futhi uyeke ukusondla. Lapho amapuleti amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi futhi omile, izihloko kufanele zifinyezwe ukuze isiqu sihlale kubhavu, sifinyelele kubude obuyi-10-20 mm.
Ukunakekelwa kwasebusika
Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sesilungiselelwe ubusika, kufanele sisuswe siyiswe endaweni epholile futhi emnyama lapho sizogcinwa khona kuze kufike izinsuku zokugcina zikaFebhuwari. Ungavumeli ama-tubers ukuthi ome ngokuphelele ebusika, ngoba lokhu okusahlanzekile kuzodinga ukuthanjiswa isikhathi-1 noma 2 emavikini ama-4. Futhi, i-gloxinia ingagcinelwa ubusika ngaphansi kokugeza noma ibekwe kwi-loggia efakiwe.
Kukhona enye indlela yokugcina lesi sitshalo ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ususe nezilimo eziyizigaxa ebhodweni ekwindla. Futhi njengoba i-gloxinia itshalwe kabusha ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJanuwari noma eyokuqala - ngoFebhuwari ngokubuyiselwa okuphelele kwe-substrate, ekwindla, ukukhipha nezilimo eziyizigaxa ebhodweni ngeke kube ngumsebenzi osindayo. Ukusuka kubhahubhu kufanele kususwe konke okusalile kwe-substrate bese kususwa esikhwameni esinelokhi eyenziwe nge-polyethylene. Thela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi esikhwameni, ihlanganiswe ne-vermiculite (1: 1), bese uyiqinisa ngokuqinile bese uyibeka kwisitoreji esisefrijini, eyenzelwe imifino. Ngalesi sitoreji, ishubhu nakanjani ngeke lome ngaphandle kokunisela futhi lizolala izinyanga ezintathu noma ezine ngaphambi kokutshala.
Isipele okuncane kakhulu esikhule kusuka ebusika yembewu ebhodweni. Kufanele ahlinzeke ukuthambisa ngokulingana ukuze ikwazi ukusinda ebusika.
Ukuzala kabusha kweGloxinia
Ukutshala imbewu
Ezitolo zezimbali, uma ufisa, ungathenga imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-gloxinia bese uzama ukukhulisa imbali kubo uqobo. Kepha kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi lo mcimbi kungenzeka unganiki imiphumela elindelekile.
Okokuqala, kufanele uthenge imbewu yale mbali, futhi abatshali abanolwazi batusa ukukhetha imbewu ye-granular. Njengomthetho, kwiphakethe elinezinhlamvu, isikhathi sokuhluma silotshwe izinyanga ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-6, kwesinye isikhathi izinyanga eziyi-9 noma eziyi-10, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla noma ebusika. Ukuze izithombo zivele ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe ngoMashi. Ukuze uthole izitshalo, udinga i-mini-greenhouse, ongayithenga esitolo noma ukwenze ngokwakho: lokhu, esitsheni esijulile sepulasitiki esinesembozo, udinga ukubeka amaphilisi we-peat adinga ukufakwa emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa imvuthuluka yembewu kulezi zibhebhe; azidingi ukungcwatshwa endaweni engaphansi. Ukuvimbela umoya ekugxambeni ku-greenhouse oyakhile, kufanele kwenziwe izimbobo eziningana esivalweni ukuze kungene umoya. I-mini-greenhouse kufanele isuswe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi ifudumele (kusuka kuma-degrees angama-22 kuye kwangama-23). Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, i-substrate kumele ikanyiswe ngokucophelela uma kunesidingo. Ngemuva kwalokho kusele kuphela ukulinda kuze kuvele izithombo.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo futhi zikhule, kufanele zitshalwe ezinkomishini zokulahla ngazinye kanye namathebulethi e-peat. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana batshalwe ezimbizeni ezingapheli.
Ungasakaza kanjani ngopuleti lwamahlamvu
Ukusakazeka kwe-gloxinia ngokusikwa kwamaqabunga ngokuqhathaniswa ne-generative kuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kunethuba elinjalo, kungcono ukhethe le ndlela yokuzala. Njengoba izingcezu zamaqabunga alesi sitshalo zikhulu impela, kufanele uthole noma yilonahlamvu elincanyana noma ipuleti elikhulu kufanele lihlukaniswe izingxenye. Ishidi kufanele lisikwe ngokufanayo emithanjeni enwetshwe ngotshani. I-petiole epuleti idinga ukufinyezwa ibe ngu-20 mm, hhayi ngaphezulu. Qaphela ukuthi udinga ukusika ipuleti ngethuluzi elibukhali kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphetho engalingani ingaqala ukubola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izingxenye zepuleti lamaqabunga kufanele zitshalwe emabhodweni ngamanye agcwaliswe inhlanganisela yomhlabathi engcwenyisiwe. Babekwa endaweni eluhlaza encane noma embozwe isikhwama sepulasitiki ngaphezulu. Amaviki amane, ukupholisa noma ukunisela isiqu seqabunga akudingekile. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, izingxenye zepuleti leshidi kufanele zivele izimpande, futhi kufanele zijwayele kancane kancane ukuhlala ezimweni zasekamelweni, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvula indawo yokuhlala isikhashana. Indawo ebamba ukushisa enezimpande ezinamaqabunga asikiwe kufanele ibekwe endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isifo
IGloxinia, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi ezitshalwe ekhaya, isengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, lezo zimbali ezinakekelwa ngokungafanele ziyagula.
Ukubola okumpunga - Kuvela amabala ansundu emaphethelweni esihlahla saso esithintekile. Sika zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo bese ufafaza isihlahla ngesisombululo sokulungiselela isikhunta.
Ukubola kwezimpande - i-gloxinia ivame ukuthintwa yiyo. Uhlelo lwezimpande luphenduka lube nsundu, bese ukubola kwesiqu kusisekelo kuyabhekwa, emva kwalokho imbali ifa. Lesi sifo siyakhula uma kusetshenziswa amanzi abandayo ukunisela isihlahla, futhi kungenzeka futhi uma uketshezi luqina endaweni ephansi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbali enjalo ingathinta umlenze omnyama, ukulimala sekwephuzile, i-powdery hlobo kanye nezinye izifo zesikhunta. Ukuvimbela, fafaza lesi sitshalo ngeFitosporin, futhi ukuze welapha isihlahla esinezifo, kufanele welashwe ngeFundazole.
Izinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo sihlaselwa izifo nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izithwali eziyinhloko zazo okuyizibungu zesigcawu noma ama-cyclamen izimbuzane.
Ama-cyclamen izibungu incane kakhulu, futhi ibonakala kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona imikhaza eminingi, khona-ke ukuqongelela kwabo kungabonakala endaweni engafanele yamaqabunga, ngenkathi kubukeka njengongqimba lothuli olujwayelekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi izibungu ezinjalo zihlala ku-gloxinia ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuguqulwa kanye nokuqina kwamaqabunga amaqabunga kuyabonakala, kuyilapho emaphethelweni alahla, kusonteka isiqu, ukuqothuka kwama-buds, ukuguqulwa kwama-petals ezimbali kanye nokusomisa iziqongo zezithombo futhi.
Isikhala sesicabucabu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala futhi nangaphandle kwamahlamvu, ngenkathi simunca ubisi lweseli esithelweni. Isibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwesitshalo nge-spider mite ukuba khona kwamachashazi amhlophe ebusweni bamapuleti amaqabunga, agcina ephenduka amabala ansundu. Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi esihlahleni, khona-ke ebusweni bayo ungathola iwebhu encane.
Uma ixazululwe ku-gloxinia thrips, lapho-ke amapuleti alo eshidi avela khona amachashazi, amachashazi namabala wombala okhanyayo, kuyilapho ingxenye engonakalisiwe yepuleti ithola i-sheen silvery. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lezi zindawo ziyoma, kuthi ohlangothini olungaphansi ziphenduke zibe nsundu, bese kuthi imiphetho yepuleti iguqulwe phezulu. Phatha isihlahla amahlandla ama-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ne-ejenti ebulala izinambuzane (Karbofos, Aktellik, Aktara noma Fitoverm), ngemuva kwalokhu uzodinga ukufaka okunye ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-substrate noma uyishintshe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba izibungu zezinambuzane zingena emgodini ongaphansi. Ama-insecticides afanayo nawo angabhubhisa imikhaza, kepha kulokhu, ukufakwa kwengxube yenhlabathi ngeke kudingeke.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-gloxinia yobuhle bezindawo ezishisayo ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10, ijabulise abanini bayo ngezimbali ezimibalabala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo esidala nesihlakulele ngokwengeziwe, izimbali eziningi zizoba kuso. Kwesinye isikhathi inani labo lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-50!
- Amabala ansundu kumaqabunga e-gloxinia - lokhu kukhombisa ingress yamanzi kubo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi abandayo kakhulu ukunisela.
- Amaqabunga e-Gloxinia aphenduka aphuzi - Isibonakaliso somoya oswakeme kakhulu noma omanzi kakhulu, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile noma okweqile komanyolo.
- IGloxinia ishiya isontekile - Lokhu kwenzeka ngokudla ngokweqile kanye nokuchayeka okusalungiswa.
- Amaqabunga aphakeme agqamile - Isibonakaliso sokuntuleka kokukhanya.
- Plaque ngimpunga ezimbali nasemacembe - Lokhu kukhombisa ukulimala kwesitshalo nge-grey bola.
- Izimbali zihlala zifihliwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga - lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukukhanya kwemini kufushane noma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu.
