Isitshalo se-herbaceous herbaceous i-Arabis (i-Arabis), esibizwa nangokuthi isihlahla, siyisithunzi somndeni wokubethelwa noma weklabishi. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Endle, isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo seNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kanye nasezintabeni zase-Afrika ezishisayo. Akukacaci kahle ukuthi igama lesiLatin lalesi sitshalo livelaphi futhi lavelaphi. Bayibiza ngokuthi yi-rezukha ngoba isihlahla simbozwe ngezinwele ezinzima, ezingalimala kalula. I-Arabis ikhiqizwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Emklamo wezwe, lezi zimbali zihlobisa izimbali zemihlobiso engafani nezimbali, kanye ne-rabatka, imingcele namagquma ase-alpine.
Izici ze-Arabis
I-Arabis itshalwa njengonyaka noma ongapheli. It isetshenziswa njengendawo eyisisekelo, njengoba ine ezinwabuzelayo, amahlumela anezimpande. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli ngamamitha ayi-0.3. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza kukhona i-pubescence eminyene, ukwakheka kwawo kunjengomuntu inhliziyo, ziqinile, ngesinye isikhathi ngomphetho we-serated. Hhayi ama-inflorescence amakhulu aminyene wefomu le-racemose anezimbali eziphindwe kabili noma ezilula, ezifika kububanzi obuyi-15 mm, zingapendulwa ngombala omhlophe, ophuzi, opinki noma onsomi. Ukuqhakaza okuningana kwesitshalo kuyinto ende, futhi kuqala phakathi maphakathi nenkathi yentwasahlobo. I-inflorescence ikhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu, eliheha inani elikhulu lezinyosi engadini. Izithelo ngumbhodisi ngaphakathi lapho kukhona imbewu yesimo esicwebezelayo. Kunezinhlobo ezin imbewu enamaphiko. Lesi sitshalo sihlobene ne-horseradish, iklabishi, i-Iberis, i-alissum, i-colza, isinaphi, isithombo kanye nabanye abamele umndeni obethelwe. Akugcini ngephunga elingathandeki nje kuphela, kepha ayinambulelo ezimeni ezikhulayo.
Ukukhula ama-arabis kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
I-Arabis kulula kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyikhulisa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ongazithenga ezitolo ezikhethekile, ezikhungweni zezingadi noma kwimibukiso yezimbali. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenziwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile ngaphansi kobusika ngo-Okthoba. Ungakhula nomhlanga ngezithombo, lapho kudingeka uhlwanyele imbewu ngo-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcwalisa iziqukathi noma amabhokisi ngomxube wenhlabathi oqukethe inhlabathi yengadi kanye namatshe amancane noma isihlabathi (3: 1). Imbewu idinga ukungcwatshwa endaweni engaphansi kwesentimitha kuphela, khona-ke isitsha sibekwa endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-degree angama-20. Ukuze wandise ukuhluma kwembewu, isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, isibonelo, i-agrospan.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3 ukuya ku-3,5 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, ngenkathi ukuthambisa kumele kuncishiswe. Izithombo zidinga ukudluliselwa endaweni efudumele nelenziwe kahle. Ukunakekela lesi yisithombo ngeke kube nzima. Idinga ukuniselwa kuphela lapho kunesidingo, kanye nokukhulula ngobunono ingaphezulu le-substrate.
Khetha
Lapho kuvela ipuleti langempela leqabunga ezitshalweni, kuyadingeka ukuzikhetha, kodwa kuphela uma uzokhulisa isivuno, njengesitshalo esihlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi sitshalo singenelwa ezinkomweni ngazinye noma sitshalwe kude okungenani amamitha ayi-0.3. Uma kwenzeka uhlose ukusebenzisa le mbali njengembotshana, khona-ke awudingi ukusifaka. Izinsuku eziyishumi nambili ngaphambi kokufakela i-arabis enhlabathini evulekile, kubalulekile ukuyiphatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izitshalo zidluliselwa emgaqweni nsuku zonke, ngenkathi ubude benkambiso yokwenza lukhuni kumele lenyuswe kancane kancane. Lapho amahlumela esemoyeni omusha, anikeze isivikelo esithembekile emisebenzini engakapheli. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo sezizivumelanise ngokuphelele nezimo ezintsha, zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
I-arabis yokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo kufanele zibe namapuleti amaqabunga amathathu weqiniso okungenani. Indawo ekahle yokubamba i-rechu izoba ngeyodwa ekhanyiswe kahle futhi eshaywa umoya. Kodwa-ke, ingatshalwa endaweni enomthunzi, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuleli cala ukugeleza kwezihlahla zezihlahla kuya kuba kukhulu, futhi ngeke kukhule kakhulu.
Kanjani emhlabeni
Inhlabathi efanelekile ukutshala kufanele ibe yisihlabathi, ixege, ingabi manzi kakhulu, igcwele izinto ezinamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo, ihlanzwe ngotshani bokhula bese kusetshenzwa ngokucophelela. Ukuze uthuthukise umoya nomoya womswakama wenhlabathi, kunconywa ukufaka amatshe amancanyana amancane, isihlabathi ne-turf kuwo. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-Arabis etshalwe emhlabathini omubi we-acid noma i-calcined, ngeke ufe, kepha ngeke ukhule kakhulu. Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo zamamitha ayi-0,4x0.4 emgodini owodwa, ungatshala izitshalo ezintathu noma ezine ngasikhathi sinye. Isitshalo esitshaliwe sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Esimweni lapho inhlabathi ingazange ivundiswe ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke izinsuku ezingama-1-2 emva kwale nqubo, qiniseka ukuthi usuthisa isitshalo ngomanyolo onzima wamaminerali. Izimbali zokuqala zingabonakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Nakekela ama-arabis engadini
Ukulima kudinga ukunakekelwa ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo ezijwayelekile zasengadini. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuniselwe, kukhululwe ukhula, kudliwe, kudwetshwe ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele, futhi futhi kukhululwe ubuso bendawo nokubheka impilo. Umbali onjalo umelana nesomiso, futhi ungcono ukungashazwa ngaphansi kokugcwala ngokweqile. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuchelela kufanele kuhlelwe kuphela uma kunesikhathi eside esomile. Khumbula ukuthi ukuthambisa kufanele kube ngokulinganiselayo.
Ekuqaleni kwempilo yakhe, ama-Arabis kudingeka aqinisekise ukukhululeka otshanini lokhula, ngoba lokhu, ukubeka ukhula njalo kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, imbali iyaqina futhi uqobo “luchoboze” ukhula. Iziqu ezikhula ngokushesha kufanele zithukwe ngokuhlelekile ukuze isitshalo sihlale sicocekile. Ukususwa ngesikhathi kwezimbali ezaqala ukubuna, kunomthelela wokuqhakaza okude.
Ukuzalela ama-Arabis
Ungasakaza ukufakwa kwembewu ngembewu, futhi nangezindlela zokumila njengokugawulwa, ukusikwa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Mayelana nokukhulisa le mbali kusuka ezinhlakalweni kuchazwa ngemininingwane enkulu engenhla. Izimbambo zingasabalalisa izinhlobo zokwenza terry noma izinhlobo ezingafani neze-rezuki. Kulokhu, isiqu siyipuleti leqabunga elinesithende, esiyingxenye yesendlalelo se-cambial. Izimpande zizokhula kusuka kule ungqimba. Ukuze uthole ukusika "okulungile", kufanele ususe ipuleti leqabunga esihlahleni nomfana ukuze ingxenye yamagxolo wokudubula ahlukane nayo. Ukuvunwa kokusikwa kwenziwa ekugcineni kwezimbali. Uma ufisa, ingaphezulu lesiqu singathathwa njengesiqu, ubude baso kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10, futhi wonke amapuleti amaqabunga akhiwe ngezansi kumele asuswe. Ama-cutways atshalwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi evulekile nge-engela, khona-ke isitsha kufanele simbozwe nge-cap, okufanele ibe sobala. I-mini-greenhouse efanelekile kufanele ibekwe endaweni enokhanyayo, okufanele ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama njalo. Izimbambo zidinga futhi ukungena komoya okuhleliwe, futhi i-condensate nayo kufanele isuswe ebusweni bendawo yokuhlala. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwe-turgor yamapuleti eqabunga angenhla, kuzokwenzeka ukuthi uqale ukuthutha okusikiwe engadini.
Ukuthola isendlalelo, kufanele ukhethe isiqu esiqinile futhi usigobise phezulu kwesayithi. Lungisa lesi siqu kulesi sikhundla endaweni ye-leaf node futhi ungakhohlwa ukucindezela phezulu. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande ezincane zikhule kusuka endaweni yamaqabunga, izendlalelo zingasuswa esihlahleni sikamama futhi sitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Uma ukhula i-terry noma i-arabis enhlobonhlobo engafani nalutho, khona-ke kulokhu kunconywa ukusabalalisa ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla. Susa isihlahla enhlabathini, uhlukanise sibe izingxenye eziningana, ozotshala ezindaweni ezintsha unomphela. Sakaza imbali ngale ndlela, kunconywa kuphela ekugcineni kwezimbali.
Ukufakelwa
Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa i-casing ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, futhi ngaphandle kokuyisusa enhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukunamathisela amahlumela awo ngaphezulu kwesayithi bese ulindela ukuthi izimpande zikhule kusuka kumaqabunga angamaqabunga. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukusikwa kuhlukaniswa esihlahleni somzali. Bazodinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokuya ngenani lezinyanda zezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlala ezindaweni ezingapheli.
Izifo nezinambuzane
IRezukha imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kuyaqabukela ukuthi akwazi ukuthola i-mosaic ye-viral noma i-fau ebethelekayo ingahlala kuyo. Uma kuvela amabala amancane umbala onsundu ebusweni bamapuleti amaqabunga, akhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aze ahlangane, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo singenwe yi-viral mosaic. Lesi sibonelo asikwazi ukwelashwa, ngakho-ke kufanele sisuswe emhlabathini bese sibhujiswa. Indawo lapho kukhula khona imbali ethelelekile kufanele ichithwe ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate. Kule ndawo, akukho lutho olungatshalwa okungenani unyaka owodwa.
Uma ngabe isigaxa esibethelayo sesihlalile emasimini, ukuwathulula ngomlotha wokhuni kuzoba inqubo esezingeni eliphansi futhi enobunzima. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukufafaza izihlahla nge-Aktara, Karbofos, Aktellik, Biotlin noma Iskra.
I-Arabis ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Lapho izimbali eziqhakazelayo ziqhakaza, udinga ukukhetha ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu bese uwabeka obala. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kuzokwazi ukuqala ukuqoqa imbewu, ngoba lolu suku olomile lwelanga lukhethiwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma uqoqa imbewu ngosuku lwemvula, ziyoba nokuhluma okuphansi. Okokuqala udinga ukusika ama-inflorescence ngengxenye yehlumela. Alengiswa egumbini elinomoya omuhle alinde aze omile. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu ikhishwa kuma-inflorescence bese ibekwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi, eligcinwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, imbali enjalo ingamelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwama-degree angama-5-7. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngisho naphansi, lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwe-arabis engatholakali. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, kubalulekile ukunquma iziqu, kanti izingxenye zazo kufanele zihlale ngaphezulu ngobude obungu-20- 40 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho isiza simbozwa ungqimba lwamaqabunga omisiwe, futhi ungasimboza ngezembozo noma ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-arabis anezithombe namagama
Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
I-Arabis alpine (i-Arabis alpina = i-Arabis flaviflora)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeScandinavia, ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika, naseMpumalanga Ekude nasePolar Urals. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo sangemuva kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0,35. Iziqu ezikhiqizayo ziyakhuphuka, kuthi imifino enjenge-loop ebunjiwe icindezelwe enhlabathini, igatsha kakhulu, ingafi ebusika futhi yakhe amakhethini anjengomcamelo. Ukuma kwamapuleti esiqabunga seqabunga kushukunyiswe yinhliziyo, kanti okuyisisekelo kukhona okusaqanda. Ama-inflorescence wesimo se-racemose acishe abe ngu-50 mm; aqukethe izimbali ezinamakha ezinobubanzi obungu-10 mm, ezingapendwe zimhlophe noma zipinki. Izimbali ziqala ngo-Ephreli futhi zihlala cishe amasonto amane. Amafomu engadi:
- USneeshaube. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli ku-0,25 m. Ubude bama-inflemc inflorescences acishe abe amasentimitha ayi-15, aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe (ubukhulu 20 mm).
- UTerry. Ama-inflorescence makhulu ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zoqobo, ziyafana nezesokunxele.
- Ipinki. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli amamitha ayi-0,2. Ubude bama-inflorescence cishe amasentimitha ayi-12, afaka izimbali ezipinki, kuze kufike kumamilimitha angama-20 ubukhulu.
Lokhu okungenhla kuchaza ukufika kwe-alpine arabis nokusuka.
Ama-Arabhu bryoides
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yi-alpine kanye ne-subalpine zone yezintaba zaseGrisi, Albania naseBulgaria. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial esinefomu elibunjwe umcamelo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga amancane anqabile we-oval kukhona uzwelo we-pubescence, aqoqwe ezisekelweni. Ama-inflorescence a-loose corymbose aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe ezi-3-6.
I-Arabis Caucasian (i-Arabis Caucasica)
Ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, lesi sitshalo siyi-subspecies ye-alpine arabis. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ingahlangatshezwa eCrimea, e-Asia Minor, eCaucasus naseMedithera. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo sangemvelo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0,3. Amacwecwe amancane amaqabunga e-oblong anamazinyo amakhulu asemaphethelweni ebusweni ane-pubescence emnyama yombala omhlophe, lapho umbala wawo ubukeka njengotshani obomvana. I-inflorescences yesimo se-racemose ubude ifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-8, aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe, ububanzi bawo obungu-15 mm. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni futhi zihlala amasonto ama-4. Kodwa-ke, izimbali ngazinye ziqhakaza esihlahleni kuze kube ukuwa. Izithelo ziyinqwaba ende emincane. Khiqizwa kusukela ngo-1800. Amafomu engadi:
- Ukugqotshwa kwezimbali. Ukuqhakaza okumnandi, izimbali eziphindwe kabili zombala omhlophe zitholakala kuma-peduncle amade.
- I-Variegata. Emaphethelweni epuleti lamaqabunga kukhona ophuzi okhanyayo.
- Rosabella. Umbala wezimbali upinki.
I-Arabis Procurrens
Emvelweni, le nhlobo ikhula emazweni aseBalkan. Ukuphakama kwembatho enjalo kungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-12. Kukhona izisekelo zamaqabunga amancane nezimbali ezinombala onsomi. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukuvikela emithambekeni enwantulayo. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswa ngokungabekezeleleki kwayo kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuyanconywa ukuyimboza ebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Variegata: amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza unomngcele obanzi wombala omhlophe, izimbali ezinsomi zihlanganiswa esixukwini, umbala wazo ushintsha ube mhlophe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Arabis undersized (i-Arabis pumila)
Endle, isitshalo esinjalo siyatholakala kwii-Alps nase-Apennines. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Izimbali ezingabonakali zidwetshiwe zimhlophe. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Kulesi zinhlobo, akuzona izimbali ezihlobisa, kepha izithelo, ngenxa yokuthi abalimi bakhulisa zona.
I-Arabis nePumelelo (i-Arabis androsacea)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2300 ngaphezu kolwandle emadwaleni aseTurkey. Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo se-perennial kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-10 amasentimitha. Kufakwa amapuleti amancane amaqabunga anama-oval anama-oval ezitolo. Ama-inflorescence a-loose corymbose aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe.
I-Arabis ciliated (i-Arabis blepharophylla)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala ezintabeni zaseCalifornia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lesi sitshalo sembozo esingaphansi komhlaba sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-8, kanti ububanzi besihlahla sibungamamitha ayi-0.25. Umbala wamahlamvu lawo uluhlaza okotshani, kanti nezimbali zinombala opinki. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- Ukubuyiselwa Komzila. Amapuleti amaqabunga ayakhuphuka, futhi umbala wezimbali uphuzi ngokujulile.
- I-Frulingshaber. Isihlahla sinamaqabunga amancane nezimbali ezipinki.
U-Arabis Ferdinand we-Coburg Variegat (i-Arabis Ferdinandi-coburgii "Variegata")
Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo esihlala sinamaqabunga awudluli ku-50 mm, futhi ububanzi bawo bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0,3. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani agqamile ahlanganiswa ngombala ophuzi, omhlophe noma okhanyayo. Umbala wezimbali umhlophe. Imicamelo ebanzi yezisekelo zamacembe ibukeka yinhle kakhulu. Uma kunokudonsa okuhle, lolu hlobo lungamelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
