Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuntuleka kwezakhi zamaminerali ukubukeka kokushiswa kwesifunda emaqabungeni, ukufiphaliswa kwabo mnyama nokugoqa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitshalo sidinga umanyolo we-potash.
Ngokubambisana ne-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, i-potassium isebenza njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokudla kwezimbiwa zezitshalo, kepha ngokuhlukile kuzo akuyona ingxenye ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo. Indlela ye-potionum ye-potassium ngesimo sikasawoti ayinyibilikisi itholakala ngaphakathi kweseli yezitshalo, kuseli yeseli.
Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zezitshalo ezincane, i-potassium ingaphezu kokufana, kodwa abamele abadala bezinhlobo. Uma i-potassium inganele emkhakheni wezakhi we amahlumela amasha, khona-ke inqubo yokuphinda isebenze (ukuphinda usebenzise izakhi zomzimba ngenxa yokuphuma kwe-potassium kusuka ezitshalweni ezindala kuya kwizitho ze-inflorescences ezincane, ezikhulayo).
Umanyolo wePotash uluhlobo lomanyolo wamaminerali athuthukisa ukunambitheka kanye nezimpawu zekhwalithi yezilimo zasensimini. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kukhulisa ukungatheleleki futhi kuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ukumelana nezifo. IPotassium ivikela lesi sitshalo ezinambuzaneni ezahlukahlukene ngesimo sezimbungulu ezincane, amacimbi, izinambuzane. Ngokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-potash, izingadi nezitshalo zasengadini ziyamelana nokubanda, kulula ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esishintshekayo.
Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umanyolo we-potash wamakhukhamba, ezimeni zokukhula kwe-greenhouse?
Ukhukhamba zingezinhlobo zezitshalo eziluhlaza zemifino. Ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, ukhukhamba ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi angakhiqiza izitshalo cishe unyaka wonke. Njengezinye izitshalo noma izitshalo zasengadini, ukhukhamba kudingeka ondliwe ngomanyolo.
Njengoba uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lungamelana nokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwengxenye yesilimo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi esifanele enhlabathini, ngenkathi inani lomanyolo we-potash likhulu kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokondla zonke izitshalo, kunconywa ukuthi uqale uzame umphumela womanyolo emahlathini ambalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kufanele uhlole izihlahla ezondliwe zamakhukhamba. Uma ukukhula kwabo sekuthuthukile, khona-ke ingxenye igcinwa kahle, nomanyolo we-potash ungafakwa enhlabathini kuwo wonke amahlahla asele.
Ukhukhamba akubekezeleli ngokweqile kanye nokushoda kwe-potassium. Izimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kwe-potaziyamu ukubonakala komphetho oluhlaza okotshani eceleni komphetho wamaqabunga. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-potassium kudala ukubonakala kwamaqabunga ombala ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani kanye nokwehla kwenani le-magnesium.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungawafaka kanjani umquba we-potash wamakhukhamba ngokukhula kwawo okuluhlaza okotshani.
Ukwakheka kwenombolo yokufaka umquba ukhukhamba ngokuluhlaza kakhulu kuya ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi ku-greenhouse ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ngokusekelwe kumkhuba wokucwaninga ngesoda-engadini, ukondliwa okuqondile kwezitshalo zamakhukhamba enhlabathini olungalungiselelwe kahle kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ehlobo kusuka ezikhathini ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-5, ngezikhathi ezithile ezifanayo noma ngokwezidingo zesihlahla esithile.
Ngomhlabathi ovundiswe kahle ku-greenhouse entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kuphela ukugqoka okubili okuphezulu okwenziwa:
- Ngaphambi kwesihlahla samakhukhamba kuqala ukuqhuma. Izakhamizi zasehlobo zilungiselela umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi walokhu (kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi engeza: i-mullein noma i-fluid bird dropping - 0,200 kg., Superphosphate - isipuni esisodwa, potassium sulfate - 1 ithisipuni). Into enjalo iniselwa ngaphansi kwempande ngethala lokunisela.
- Ngaphambi kokufaka izithelo. Abavuni abalimi abalimi bachitha ngesikhathi kumiswa amaqanda. Ukuze lokhu, kusetshenziswe ibhakede lamalitha ayi-10 no-150 g we-mullein, futhi isipuni esisodwa se-nitrophoska kufanele sengezelwe.
Uma ingekho i-mullein, ungasebenzisa itiye elijwayelekile le-herbal kusuka ezimpandeni ze-nettle ezisikiwe, izintwala zezinkuni kanye nokuxoshwa. Kugcizelelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-5, bese kufakwa emhlabathini ngo-3 l./m2. Umanyolo wePotash wamakhukhamba nawo ungasetshenziswa ngendlela ye-potassium chloride. Ingasetjenziswa endabeni yokutshala okuvulekileko.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-chlorine kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu kumakhukhamba. I-potassium chloride ayisetshenziswanga ngqo ukondla izitshalo, kodwa kudala ngaphambi kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi ekwindla. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhukhamba atshalwe emvuleni, izimvula zigeza i-chlorine enhlabathini, zishiya i-potassium ilusizo kumakhukhamba.
Inketho efaneleke kakhulu futhi efanelekile yomanyolo wamaminerali wamakhukhamba, kungakhathalekile ukuthi indawo yokutshala (abamba ukushisa noma ingadi), ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium sulfate. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa ngokuthi ngumanyolo we-potassium sulfate (ubamba i-50% potassium). Inokuvela kofrstalline powder onombala onsundu noma umbala omhlophe omhlophe, okulula ukuwancibilika emanzini. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-chlorine ayihlanganisiwe ekwakhekeni kwayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali ngezilinganiso ezidingekayo kuya ngentuthuko yokulungiswa kwenhlabathi yasentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lokhu noma lowo manyolo osuselwa potassium, udinga ukwazi izici zomhlaba kanye nezidingo zomsoco zamakhukhamba. Isidingo sokuphinda sikhiqize amakhukhamba sikhonjiswa ngombala wamaqabunga awo nesimo sesistimu yezimpande.
Umanyolo wePotash wamatamatisi
Ukuze kutshalwe utamatisi, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali anjenge potassium chloride ne-potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate).
Imvamisa, izakhamizi zasehlobo zisebenzisa i-potassium sulfate njengesithako se-potash samatamatisi, ngoba ayinayo i-chlorine. Ingasetjenziselwa ukondla okuqondile kwamatamatisi. Potassium chloride isetshenziswa ekwindla, lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ngemuva kokuvuna.
Ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu kakhulu yokukhiqiza utamatisi, kufanele wazi izindlela ezifanele zokufaka umanyolo enhlabathini. Imvamisa kwiphakheji kukhona kwetafula lokusetjenziswa komanyolo weetamatisi.
Ukuze isihlahla sotamatisi sithole inani elifanele le-potassium, ama-40 g we-potassium sulfate nge-1 m asetshenziswa emhlabathini2. Ukuvuselelwa kwenhlabathi okunjalo kuzosiza ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wamatamatisi futhi kuvikele lesi sitshalo ekuqothulweni kwamaqabunga.
Umanyolo wePotash wama roses
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo we-potash, i-potassium sulfate ilungele kahle ukondliwa kokuqala kwama roses. Ngokuphakelwa okuqhubekayo kwezihlahla, abahlali basehlobo basebenzisa i-potassium nitrate, eyethulwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sezimbali entwasahlobo.
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwama-roses, kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7, wenze i-15 g ye-potassium sulfate nge-1m2 inhlabathi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe amasonto ama-3 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Okulandelayo, njalo ngenyanga yehlobo inqubo kumele iphindwe.
URose uzwela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo, ngakho-ke kumele afakwe ngemuva kokunisela.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwamakhambi womquba we-potassium:
- Ukunciphisa ngosayizi wezimbali rose.
- Ukukhula kancane kwesihlahla.
- Amaqabunga afakwe nxazonke emaphethelweni.
- Ukuncishiswa kweqabunga.
- Kuvele amagabha esiqu.
Ukudla ama-roses, ezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo. Kulokhu, umanyolo we potassium wama roses ungashintshwa kusuka ku-superphosphate.
Umanyolo wePotash ungomunye womanyolo owusizo kakhulu wamaminerali wazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngqo ngendlela yesakhiwo esine-chlorine kuyinto engathandeki kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe lapho umanyolo izitshalo engadini.
