Amantongomane noma amantongomane ayisitshalo se-thermophilic asuka eSouth America, abese efudukela e-Asia nase-Afrika. Namuhla, abalimi abaningi ngokwengeziwe, abanini khaya nabahlali abajwayelekile behlobo banesifiso sokuthi futhi bangawulima kanjani amantongomane ngokwawo. Naphezu komsuka waso oseningizimu, lesi sitshalo sezolimo esilusizo asikho okucasulayo nhlobo, ngenani elithile lamandla, singakhula futhi sikhiqize izilimo kusuka eCrimea naseKrasnodar Territory kuya esiFundeni saseMoscow.
Emuva ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwakukhona okuhlangenwe nakho kokutshala ngempumelelo amantongomane eStavropol Territory, ezindaweni eziseTranscaucasia naseCentral Asia, e-Ukraine. Ngenxa yomdlandla wabalimi banamuhla, kutshalwe amantongomane enkabeni yeRussia.
Amantongomane: izici zesiko nokutshalwa kwalo
Amantongomane - isitshalo esinotshani sonyaka, esinamahlamvu avela ngokuzithandela, izimbali eziningi zakhiwa emacansini, umbala ophuzi noma obomvana kanye nesici samacembe abunjiwe, ahlukaniswe amaqabunga amancane amancane ayindilinga. Amahlumela asuka ku-20 kuye ku-70 cm ubude aqondile futhi ayindawo yokuhlala. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla engadini kuya ngokuhlukahluka, izimo ezakhelwe amantongomane akhula noma amantongomane, kanye nezinto zangaphandle.
Umhlali othanda ukushisa wethafa laseNingizimu Melika ezweni aludingi ukushisa nokukhanya, ngakho-ke, izimila ezigcwele, ukukhula okuphumelelayo, ukugeleza kwezimbali, ukusetha ubhontshisi nokuvuthwa kwazo, amantongomane adinga kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-120 kuye kwezingama-160. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli isithwathwa futhi siqala ukukhula ngokukhula kuphela ekushiseni kwenhlabathi okungenani i-12-15 ° C.
Ukwakheka kwesibeletho nokuvuthwa okwengeziwe kwamantongomane kufana ngokuphelele neminye imidumba. Izimbali ezizi-pollinating zihlala kuphela usuku, emva kwalokho inqubo ephumelelayo ne-ovary yehlela emhlabathini bese ishiya uqobo lwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwengqimba yenhlabathi ubhontshisi wamapani uyathululwa futhi uvuthwe. Ukujula kokumba kungasukela ku-5 kuye ku-12 cm, futhi kusuka embewini eyodwa kuya kwayisikhombisa ngaphakathi kukabhontshisi ngamunye.
Isifushane, esibanda kakhulu, esishisa phansi isimo sezulu, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukukhulisa amantongomane nokuthola isitshalo esifunekayo "samantongomane" avela ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokuvikela zesimanje kanye namathuba okukhula emhlabathini ovaliwe kaningi anciphisa ubungozi.
Ungakhula kanjani amantongomane ezweni?
Njengazo zonke izinhlanga, amantongomane aqandeka ngokushesha futhi akhule. Ngakho-ke, lapho beyikhulisa, bahlala bagxile ezicini zezulu nesimo sezulu. Ngokuya ngesifunda, ziyafeza:
- ukutshala amantongomane emhlabathini ovulekile;
- ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekhaya, bese izithombo esezikhulile zidluliselwa emibhedeni;
- kukhula emhlabathini ovaliwe, okungukuthi emagumbini okugcina izithombo okukhosele kuwo kufilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amantongomane engadini, kufanele kulungiswe izinto zokutshala nenhlabathi. Amantongomane awabeki izidingo ezikhethekile emhlabathini, kepha akhetha inhlabathi eqondile, elula, lapho izoba ntofontofo nezimpande ezinde zentaba, nesibeletho sihamba ngaphansi komhlaba.
Isiko leli lisinda kahle enhlabathini enesihlabathi naku-loams, kepha uma selizotshalwa endaweni eyi-chernozem, esihlabathini, lapho kugcinwa khona izinto eziphansi kanye nezinye izinto ezithuthukisa ukutholakala komoya we-substrate kuqala kungeniswa emhlabathini.
Imbewu okuhloswe ngayo ukutshala ihlelwe ihlukaniswe, ihlukaniswe ilimele noma ithintekile ngenxa yokubumba, bese ifakwa esinqeni amahora angama-12 kuya kwayi-24. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuqala ususe isikhumba esibomvu ngokunsomi esimboza ama-cotyledons kumantongomane. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi "umlomo" omncane ophuma ohlangeni esizayo.
Imbewu ebolile ikulungele ukutshala. Uma isimo sezulu sivumela, zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, zingcwatshwe ngo-5 cm. Uhlelo lokutshala lesi sitshalo sikabhontshisi lunikeza ukuthi izitshalo zizodalulwa ehlobo, futhi isihlahla ngasinye sidinga indawo yokudlela nokubekwa kahle kwe-ovary. Lapho utshala amantongomane emhlabathini ovulekile phakathi kwemigqa, kungcono ukushiya izikhala ezingama-50-70 cm, futhi isikhathi esiphakathi kwezitshalo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-20. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni.
Uma sikhuluma ngokukhula kwamantongomane ekhaya e-Ukraine, eKuban noma eStovropol Territory, ezifundeni zase-Astrakhan naseSaratov, zihlwanyelwa ngemuva kokutshala amakhabe, nawo ongazithandi ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okubukhali.
Amantongomane: Amantongomane Akhula Ngesihlahla
Ezifundeni ezinentwasahlobo evikelekile, lapho kunengozi yokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kungcono ukungazibeki engcupheni. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokukhula amantongomane e-Urals, eSifundeni SaseMoscow, eBelarus, ngisho nasenyakatho yeSifunda Somhlaba Omnyama, okokuqala kutyalwe ezimbizeni ezinkulu zikakhonkolo.
Kulokhu:
- ukudluliselwa emibhedeni kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo;
- uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo esikhulile alilimele;
- akukho bungozi bokuqandeka;
- I-Acclimatization iyashesha futhi ayinankinga.
Ukuthola izithombo eziqinile, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli. Imbewu ebilungiselelwe itshalwe kumuntu obude obuyi-3 cm futhi ivezwe endaweni enokhanya kahle lapho izitshalo zingahlupheka okusalungiswa. Ukuchelela lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zemidumba kudinga njalo, kodwa ngokulinganisela. Ukushisa kwekamelo kugcinwa ku-22-25 ° C
Ngaphambi kokukhula amantongomane endaweni yakubo, amasiko akhethwa aqhakaze njengasekhaya, indawo evikelwe umoya obandayo.
Izitshalo ezinde zamasiko, ezinjengommbila, utamatisi kanye ne-zucchini ne-squash, zingaba isivikelo esihle sezivakashi zaseningizimu ezingadini zaseRussia. Bayoba ngabanduleli abahle kakhulu bezomlenze.
Ukuze uthole i-acclimatization, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa izikhungo zokugcina izithombo zamafilimu noma zokukhosela ezenziwe ngendwangu engasindi.
Nakekela ukutshala amantongomane ezweni
Ngokungafani nobhontshisi, uphizi, neminye imidumba, ukunakekelwa kwako kugxile ekusweliseni nasekuniseleni, ngenkathi kukhula amantongomane, umlimi ngokuvamile uyozihlomisa hhayi ngomsele wokunisela, kodwa ngensimbi noma ngenye ithuluzi elikahle lokukhulisa. Ezitshalweni ze-ovary zingene kalula enhlabathini, kuvame ukudingekile, kepha zikhulule ngokucophelela.
Ukususa ukhula kuyadingeka kuze kufike osayizi abadala. Ngemuva kwalokho ukhula luvela kuphela emzileni, futhi kulula ukuwasusa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ukunisela, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-ovary, kwenziwa kancane, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomile wenhlabathi. Futhi lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, lapho ubhontshisi ongaphansi komhlaba kufanele ube namandla, bayakunciphisa. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amantongomane asabela kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen elinganiselayo namaphesenti akhuphukayo e-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Umanyolo kathathu wanele isizini, noma kunjalo, akusizi ngalutho ukusebenzisa izinto zemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, umquba noma ukuphonsa inyoni kokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ukuvuna amantongomane endlini esehlobo
Akwanele ukwazi ukuthi ungalima kanjani amantongomane ezweni, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuvuna ngesikhathi nokulondolozela isivuno.
Lapho uqoqa ubhontshisi ongaphansi komhlaba, udinga ukugxila esimweni esiluhlaza okotshani. Lapho nje izihlahla ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi ziqala ukubuna, lokhu kufanele kube uphawu lokumba. Kancane, kulula ukulahlekelwa ubhontshisi amaningi, awela ngokushesha kusuka amahlumela angaphansi komhlaba omile futhi aqhubeke emhlabathini ebusika.
Ngisho nezitshalo eziluhlaza kuzodingeka zikhishwe uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla futhi isondela ku-+10 ° C.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlanza usuku olufudumele nolomile. Futhi ithuluzi elihle kunazo zonke lifakwa ngemfoloko anamazinyo abanzi. Ifosholo lokumbiwa alilungile ngenxa yengozi yokulahlekelwa ingxenye yesilimo. Izitshalo ezithathwe enhlabathini ziyaboshwa futhi zilengelwe egumbini elomile, elinomoya opholile ukuze lome. Umhlali wasehlobo angafunda ngokulungela ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside ngomsindo omnkantshisayo owomile wembewu odonsela ngaphakathi emabhonteni.
