Ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwemibhede yekherothi nokungagcinwa kwemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezithelweni zez izaqathi. Ukuqala umzabalazo osebenzayo futhi uphume kuwo njengomnqobi, udinga ukwazi imbangela yalesi sifo, igama nezindlela zokuqedwa.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu
I-phomosis, noma ukubola komile
Emithanjeni nasezinhlwanyelweni zezitshalo ezinezimbali zemvelo kuvela amabala angcolile ansundu. Esikhathini esizayo, amabala akhula, aphenduke amnyama, amaqabunga omile. Ekuqaleni, ibala elinsundu esitshalweni sezimpande liphenduka libe mnyama, lidlulele ekucindezelweni komile okumnyama kwezicubu ezonakalisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezindawo kukhona ama-voids agcwele i-hyphae ye-mycelium.
Ukubola okumhlophe noma isanqante sclerotiniosis
Phezu kwezilimo zezimpande, kufakwa amafomu amhlophe avela ku-hyphae mncane wesikhunta. Isitshalo esiyimpande sigcina umbala waso, sithambisa, kube namachashazi amnyama akamuva e-sclerotia kanye namaconsi koketshezi. Lesi sifo siguqula isithombo sezimpande sibe isisindo esithambile, sidlulela emifino engomakhelwane. Ngaphezu izaqathe, amakhowe athinta nezinye izitshalo zasengadini.
Ukubola okumpunga (ukubola okumnyama, i-botridiosis)
Kuyathinta izitshalo zezimpande ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Izitshalo ezimpande zimbozwe ngumbala ompunga wefungus, amaconsi koketshezi ophuzi ayabonakala. Izicubu zemifino ziphenduka nsundu, zithambise, ziqhume. Lesi sifo asizwani, sithinta imifino eminingi, izithelo, amajikijolo hhayi kuphela izaqathi.
Ibala elinsundu
Ezingeni lomhlabathi, izingqinamba kuma-petioles zinsundu ngombala, izithombo zivame ukufa. Ezitshalweni ezindala - amabala ansundu kumaqabunga anomhlanga omnyama. Kamuva, amaqabunga ayagoba. Ezilwanyweni zezimpande, lesi sifo siveza njengento encane, kufinyelela ku-1.5 cm, amabala ansundu akhanyayo. Umngcele obukhali phakathi kwezicubu ezithintekile nezinempilo unezimpawu.
Ukubola okumnyama noma i-alternariosis
Ezitshalweni, isifo se-karoti sifana nomlenze omnyama - ukubumbana okumnyama, kanye nokwehlulwa okuqinile ezigabeni zokuqala kuvame ukuholela ekufeni. Ukwehlulwa kwezitshalo ezindala kuboniswa ebumnyameni nasonteni kwamathiphu amaqabunga. Esikhathini esizayo, amabala wombala ophuzi avela, kancane kancane amaqabunga ayawa futhi omile. Ezilwanyini zezithelo kukhonjiswa ngokubola okumnyama.
I-Powdery hlobo
Noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo lapho amakhowe ingene khona iyathinteka, amaqabunga aphenduka abe mhlophe, abe lukhuni, aqhekeke. Umqondo wokuvela kwalesi sifo sezaqathi unikeza igama elinembile impela. Isikhunta sithinta izitshalo eziningi zasengadini. Isitshalo asifi, kepha isithombo sezimpande sakhiwa yinsini encane.
IBacteriosis, noma ukubola okumanzi
Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi, bese abe nsundu. Kuqala, izingxenye eziphakemeyo, eziphansi zeqabunga ziyathinteka. Phakathi kwezingxenye zamaqabunga ansundu futhi asaluhlaza kukhona indawo ephuziweyo yombala. Esikhathini esizayo, izithungo ziyabanjwa, amaqabunga ayoma. Ukwehlulwa kwezilimo zezimpande kuqala kaningi kusuka phezulu noma emaphepheni, njengoba izindawo kulula ukuzilimaza. Amabala akhula, abe manzi, athole iphunga elingathandeki. Lesi sifo sivame ukudluliselwa nge-larrot fly izibungu noma ezinye izinambuzane.
Ukuvimbela Isifo se-Carrot
- Ukukhetha izitshalo zezimpande ezinempilo zama-testes. Ukugwema ukuthola imbewu etheleliswa ekuqaleni.
- Umanyolo ofanele. Ukugcotshwa nge-nitrogen, kanye nokunganaki izinto zokulandela umkhondo, kwandisa izehlakalo.
- Ukunisela okufanele. Ukuchelela okuthe xaxa ekushiseni kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezitshalo zezimpande, kamuva ezithinteke yizifo. Kuyelulekwa ukufudumeza amanzi kusengaphambili (vele ukuyeke kuhlale). Ukufakwa kwekhambi kwe-mullein, ukulandelela izinto, izakhi ze-biioactive kuthuthukisa umsoco wesitshalo futhi kukhuphule ukumelana nezifo.
- Icubungula ama-storages ngaphambi kokubeka izitshalo zezimpande ukuze igcinwe. Ukwenza mhlophe, ukwelashwa ngamabhuloki wesibabule noma i-formalin, amanye amathangi ase-septic aqeda ama-pathogen esitolo futhi avimbele ukutheleleka.
- Ukuhlwanyela. Izitshalo ezigqinsiwe kakhulu "ziyayiqeda", zakha izitshalo ezincane zezimpande. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana nezifo kuyancishiswa.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane. Ezinye zezifo abazithwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imifino eyonakele igula kalula.
- I-Agrotechnics. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ezimeni ezikhula kahle kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezitshalo, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwesifo kwezifo.
- Ukukhetha kwesihlalo. Ukukhula emhlabathini ongafanele - omanzi kakhulu, osindayo, onomzimba omkhulu - wenza buthaka isitshalo. Yehlisa i-acidity ku-6.5-7 pH edingekayo ngokungeza izithasiselo ezinama-calcium, mhlawumbe ngaphansi komanduleli.
- Imikhawulo yokulimala. Ukulimala komsuka kuyisango lokungenwa yileli gciwane.
- Gwema i-nitrogen ngaphambi kokuvuna. Yehlisa impilo yeshalofu. Ngokusebenzisa kanyekanye umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium akubucayi kangako.
- Namathela ekushintsheni kwezitshalo. Kuqeda ukuqothula kwamagciwane athile wezifo zekarrothi enhlabathini.
- Isusa izinsalela zezitshalo. Umgomo ofanayo.
- Izinhlobo ezikhula zingamelana. Kusindisa isikhathi nezinsizakusebenza, ngoba izinhlobo ezinjalo aziguli ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokukhula.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-karoti.
Ukugqoka kwembewu. I-TMTD esetshenzisiwe noma amanye ama-fungicides. Ubhubhisa ama-pathogens kanye nesikhathi esifushane, ukufudumeza okwenziwa imizuzu eyi-10 emanzini ngokushisa kwe-52 ° C.
Imbewu ekhulisiwe ayikwazi ukufudumala!
Ukwelashwa kwezilimo nge fungicides. Izidakamizwa eziningi sezisunguliwe okwamanje. Bese uqhamuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala kwezinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo, nokuhamba kokuthengisa kwabakhiqizi. Akulungile futhi akunakwenzeka ukubiza zonke izilinganiso nemithamo ekulesi sihloko. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa imiyalo yezidakamizwa nomqondo wakho ojwayelekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi kuphela ngemuva kokutholwa kokuxilongwa, yilokho uhlobo lwesifo. Musa ukudida isifo esithathelwanayo emonakalweni obangelwa isithwathwa, ukushisa, i-hyperdoses noma ukuntuleka komanyolo.
Izaqathi zithinteka ikakhulukazi ezifweni fungal. Iqiniso ngukuthi isikhumba sezitshalo ezimpande mncane, ngakho-ke zigcinwa kumswakama ophezulu - ukugwema ukoma ngaphandle. Kepha umswakama owengeziwe othanda ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta izaqathi ...
Kungcono ukuthi unake kakhulu ukuvikela, kunokuba kufafaze kakhulu izitshalo ngemuva kokuqalwa kwesifo. Ilula futhi isebenza kahle. Futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngezinsalela zokufaka ubuthi emkhiqizweni.
Ukushisa okuphansi kusiza ekugcineni, kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kanye nokulahleka kwezimpahla ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Kunengqondo ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa esitolo, kepha hhayi eliphansi kuno-0 ˚С!
