Izidlakela

UViolet noma i-Saintpaulia luhlobo lwezitshalo zemithi yezimbali herbaceous zomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae. Izwe lakubo liyizintaba zase-Afrika eseMpumalanga Afrika, lapho kuhlala kufudumele futhi kunomswakama. Ngomhlaba wanamuhla, lesi sitshalo satholakala nguBaron Walter von Saint-Paul ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. I-senpolia encane, eqhakaza njalo, yazuza izinhliziyo zabathandi bezimbali. Lezi zitshalo ezincane ziyamangaza ubuhle bezimbali zazo, futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlobisa noma yiliphi igumbi.

Ukukhula kwama-violets efulethini kulula kakhulu, ngisho nomuntu othanda isitshalo se-novice akunakwenzeka ukuthi ahlangane nobunzima lapho eshiya. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali banamaqoqo wonke emakhaya abo, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-warts. Izimo zokugcina noma yiluphi uhlobo lwama-violets ziyefana, esiza kakhulu inqubo yokukhula nokwakha izingoma ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zalezi zimbali ezinhle.

Incazelo yezitshalo

Lesi sitshalo esihlanganisiwe esinezimbali ezinhle ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okhanyayo aqoqwe irosette. Izimbali ze-violet zinemibala ehlukahlukene, zibushelelezi, zimbili futhi zi-wavy ezinobubanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-4 cm. Kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezinkudlwana, ezineziqu ezinamagatsha anamanzi kanye nama-rosette ambalwa.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zama-violets

Namuhla, kuye kwenziwa izinhlobo eziningi ezi-hybrid ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngesakhiwo nombala wembali:

zakudala
-mise inkanyezi;
fancy;
umlenze;
i-senpolia yi "chimera."

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-violets zinobubanzi bokukhishwa ukusuka ku-20 cm kuye ku-40 cm, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu kuze kube ngu-60 cm kanye nama-miniature afinyelela ku-6 cm ubukhulu.

Nakekela ama-violets ekhaya

Imithetho yokunakekelwa iyafana kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-warts athambile futhi afudumele. Lokhu kwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwabo, kepha kufanele kugcinwe ngaphandle kokuhluka.

Indawo nokukhanyisa

Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuphila okude nokuqhakaza okune-violets ukukhanya okuningi. Uma ifulethi lakho lisendaweni ephansi yendlu, futhi azikho izindawo ezinjalo kulo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukulahla umbono wokukhula kwama-warts. Ngoba ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwe-senpolis kuncike ekukhanyiseni.

Amafasitela aseningizimu ale ndlu akhanya kahle, kepha uma lesi sitshalo singaphambi, uzothola ukushiswa yimisebe yelanga. Indawo ephumelela kakhulu amawindi asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Kungcono kakhulu uma uzibeka ekhishini. Izimo ezithandekayo zizokhanga laba besisi, futhi uzokujabulela ukupheka phambi kwabo. Ebusika, kungcono ukususa ama-violets emafasiteleni abandayo etafuleni eliseduze nabo, noma uwabeke endaweni encane ukuze izimpande zingabandi kakhulu.

Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kuzoholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo sinwebe size sifinyelele ekukhanyiseni, amaqabunga ayoqhakaza futhi abe nobungozi, ukuthuthukiswa okuvumelanayo kuzophazamiseka. Kuma-warts, kubalulekile ukuthi amahora emini abe ngamahora ayi-14. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu nobusika, ukuze kuhlinzeke ama-violets ngokukhanya okudingekile, kubalulekile ukufaka izibani ezingeziwe. Ukukhanya kufanele kuthambe futhi kufakelwe. Ukuze isitshalo singakhuli uhlangothi olulodwa, ama-violets kufanele atshalwe ngezikhathi ezithile ezizungeze i-axis yawo. Le njini elula izovumela ukuthi izihlahla zikhule zihambisane futhi zilinganiswe.

Ukushisa

Izinga lokushisa elilungile lama-violets entwasahlobo nasehlobo lizoba ngama-18-24 degrees. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingase lehle kancane libe ngama-degree ayi-10-15, kepha lingabi phansi, uma kungenjalo imbali izokhula. Kokukhula okujwayelekile kwezitshalo nentuthuko, ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo kuvunyelwe ngaphakathi kwama-degrees ama-2-3 phakathi kokushisa kwasemini nobusuku bokushisa. Kepha umuntu akakwazi ukuvumela amazinga okushisa abukhali.

Futhi, i-violet ayiphathi okusalungiswa, ngenxa yalesi sici, kungcono ukungathathi imbali kuvulandi noma umgwaqo ehlobo.

Umswakama womoya

Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo ama-violets, udinga ukuthatha izimo zomswakama efulethini ngokungathí sina. Ekhaya, ama-violets akhula ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu. Uma umoya osendlini womile kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ama-pallets ngamatshe amanzi noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. Imbiza ngokwayo akufanele icwiliswe emanzini. Enye inketho enkulu yokwenza umswakama umoya ukubeka umswakama wasendlini eduze kwezitshalo.

Isifutho seqabunga lendabuko asilungele ama-violets. Amaconsi aqongelela emapheshana, amanzi awashintshi kanti nesitshalo singathintwa ukhunta.

Imbangela evame kakhulu yokufa kwe-violet ukuthambisa okungafanele. Ama-Violets awathandi ukomiswa noma ukuphuma kwamanzi. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukunisela izitshalo kabili ngesonto ngesikhathi esifudumele, futhi kanye ngenkathi ebandayo.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela i-violets ngqo kusuka empompini akukufanele. Kungcono ukuthi ame egunjini isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku, khona-ke uzoba ngamazinga okushisa afanele, futhi konke ukungcola kuhlale kuze kube phansi. Indlela yendabuko yokunisela "ngaphansi kwempande" kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela. Amanzi, awela emahlumela okukhula, azobhubhisa imbali.

Kungcono ukukhetha enye yezindlela zokunisela ezingcono:

ngokusebenzisa iphallet;
ukuchelela ngenkasa;
indlela yokuntywila;
usebenzisa intambo.

Ama-Violets, njengazo zonke izitshalo, athanda ukugeza, kepha ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi kumele omiswe kahle: vumela amanzi akhwabane athole wonke amaconsi manzi.

Ukukhetha kwebhodwe

Kunoma yisiphi isitshalo, ubukhulu bebhodwe kubalulekile. Izidlova ziyathinteka kakhulu kulolu daba. Uma imbiza ingeyona usayizi ofanele, imbali ngeke ikhule kahle.
Onke ama-violets anesimpande esincane, ngakho-ke awadingi inhlabathi eningi. UViolet kufanele abe makhulu kathathu kunebhodwe lakhe.

Akunakwenzeka ukutshala isiqu ngamahlumela "ekukhuleni" ebhodweni elikhulu. Ngeke kube nokuqhakaza kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwezimpande lubopha wonke umthamo. I-violet izokwakha isisindo esiluhlaza, futhi izimbali kuzodingeka zilinde isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Inhlabathi

Namuhla ungathenga kalula esitolo i-substrate ekhethekile yama-violets akhulayo. Kepha ungasebenzisa indlela yakudala efakazelwe: inhlabathi ejwayelekile yengadi ixutshwe nenani elincanyana lesihlabathi, bese ivinjelwa bese ibulawa magciwane lapho kushisa kakhulu. Ukulungiswa okushisayo kuyadingeka ukuqeda izibungu kanye ne-fungal spores. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yebhodwe ngamapayipi amanzi, enye yonke imbozwe ngenhlabathi.

Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo

Ukondla izidingo ze-senpolia ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, lapho zikhula ngenkuthalo futhi zakha ama-buds. Isikhathi sonke asikho isidingo sokubondla. Umanyolo weNitrogen ukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga, i-potassium ne-phosphorus kusiza ukuqhakaza okuqhakaza.

Ukufakelwa

Kungcono ukwenza inqubo yokufakelwa kwe-violet entwasahlobo. Isikhathi sonke asikulungele ukufuduswa. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, futhi ebusika - eliphansi, lizophazamisa kakhulu izinga lokusinda kwesitshalo. Ekwindla, isikhathi sokukhula siyaphela, futhi kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthatha izimpande ku-violet kunasentwasahlobo.

Izizathu zokuvuselela inhlabathi kanye nembiza:

Ukuthenga isitshalo esisha, nakanjani kudinga ukwahlukaniswa kanye nokufakelwa;
I-plaque emhlophe emhlabathini, lokhu kuwuphawu lokutheleleka ngefungus;
Ukwehla kwenhlabathi, lapho ingekho yokugqoka ephezulu esiza, isitshalo siyadideka, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi afe;
Ukudlulisa ukusika okuncane okunezimpande.

Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyadingeka i-substrate entsha yokufakelwa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwembiza. Amadamu angashintshwa, noma ngendlela efanayo nembiza, aphathwe ngayo amanzi abilayo.

Ukusakazeka Kodlame

Ukusika kuyindlela elula futhi esheshayo yokusakaza i-violet. I-cutlery ingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokulinda izimpande zivele. Isiqu esinqunyiwe esisha singcwatshwa endebeni encane enomhlabathi omanzi noma ingxube ye-senpolis engela kwama-degree angama-45. Esitsheni sinye, ungatshala amaqabunga amaningana ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo zibekwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi iziqalo zesistimu yezimpande zenziwa kanjani esibambweni, ungayifaka emanzini. Ishidi akufanele lithele emanzini bese lithinta udonga lomkhumbi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ingagxila ebusweni ngephepha.

Isiqu esinezimpande sitshalwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande ezincane nezintekenteke. Ukugxila kakhulu ngeqabunga ngeqabunga nakho akunakwenzeka, khona-ke amaqabunga amasha kuzodingeka alinde isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo nokufa kwama-violets yilezi:

Ukunakekelwa okungafanele (umoya omanzi, ukushiswa yilanga, ukubanda, umswakama ngokweqile);
Izifo kanye nezifo zokukhunta (grey bola, fusarium, powdery hlobo);
Izinambuzane (ama-aphid, imikhaza, ama-thrips, nemotode).

Amaphutha wokunakekelwa kulula ukubhekana nawo kunesikhunta kanye nezifo. Zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali (i-scor, foundationazole) kanye nokwelashwa kwe-prophylactic nge-phytosporin. Ukulwa nezinambuzane kwenziwa ngosizo lweMospilan, Regent, Fitoverm. Ngeso naleso simo, uma ubona isimo sesitshalo sicindezelekile, udinga ukubhekana ngokwahlukana.