Isitshalo esithandekayo sikhula ngemuva kocingo cishe lwazo zonke i-dacha eRussia. Kusabalele nakwamanye amazwe. Kepha kuyaqabukela, luhlobo luni lomnikazi oluqhakaza isihlahla esinameva, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, likubekezelela njengesivikelo esihle kubavakashi abangamenywanga. Lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi ameva noma ameva, amajikijolo ezimbuzi - esinye sezitshalo ezindala, okukhulunywa ngazo emasikweni ebhayibheli. Kule ncwadi ngizokhuluma ngezici zokhula olunameva esizeni, ngezindawo zalo zokupholisa nezindlela zokuzisebenzisa kwezokwelapha, ngemithetho yokuqoqa nokuvuna izinto ezingavuthiwe.
I-Thorny Turn - umphilisi wasendulo onezinto zemilingo.
Incazelo yeBotanical yameva enameva
Kumatekisi wesimanje wesitshalo i-blackthorn (I-Prunus spinosa) ingeye-pink noma i-rosaceae (Rosaceae) yomndeni. Ekuseni kwesintu, behlanganyela ekubuthaneni, abantu baphawula futhi bakhumbula izakhiwo zayo eziwusizo. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo ezizuzisayo, amandla okuphulukisa ejika abonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zawo. Ngenhloso yokwelapha, izimpande, amagatsha, amagxolo, amaqabunga, izimbali, amajikijolo asetshenziswa. Inani lokwelapha lesitshalo laziwa ngomuthi osemthethweni. Minyaka yonke, izinto ezingavuthiwe zokujika zithengiswa emakhemisi, yize kukhona "ukulimaza" okusobala - "i-spiky" ephezulu kakhulu.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, odokotela babheka ukuthi imbewu yamunga ihlume kuphi - umhlaba ungcwele.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa ye-blackthorn ihlanganisa izindawo ezibalulekile. Ikhula kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu, kufaka phakathi amazwe aseNtshonalanga, i-Asia Minor, i-Iran, North Africa, i-Ukraine, iMoldova, iBelarus, iKazakhstan, iCrimea, iCaucasus kanye neNyakatho yeSiberia. Imiphetho yamahlathi, izingosi ezishiywe dengwane, izingadi zasendle, indawo engenalutho, imithambeka yezifufula namagquma (kuze kufike ku-1200 kuya ku-1400 m ngaphezu kolwandle) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zikhula ngezihlahla ezinameva futhi entwasahlobo zimbozwe ngezigqoko zamajikijolo ezimbuzi ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana.
IBlackthorn (igama lesibili lesi sitshalo) kubhekiswa eqenjini lezihlahla ezinde ezifika ku-3,0-,5,5 m ukuphakama noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla esingenakubalwa esingamamitha ayi-5. Isici esivelanayo sibukhali kakhulu, simboza ngokweqile isiqu namagatsha ezitshalo, ameva akhangayo. Ijika lingakhula ezihlahleni ezihlukile ze-volumetric ngomqhele noma ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu, elimboza indawo yamashumi amamitha ambalwa. Naphezu kobunyanga, izimbuzi kanye "nesizwe" sazo ngentokozo ziqabula kumakhasi amancane kanye namagatsha esihlahla.
IBlackthorn bramble (Elinye igama lesiva esinamahlwili) lenza uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande olunesihlahla esingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezimpande ezikhula ngokuqinile. Ngezimpande zayo ezingena ngokujulile, i-shrub iqinisa kahle imithambeka (qaphela kubanikazi!) Futhi ivimbele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Uthango obabazekayo - umhlobiso wokubukeka komhlaba nokuvikelwa ekungeneni kwama hares nezinye "izivakashi" esizeni.
Isiqu esikhulu siqondile, simbozwe ngotshani obomvu onsundu noma omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi amagxolo abomvu ansundu. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, iziqu eziningi zizikhipha kaningi. IBlackthorn yizinkuni ezihlala isikhathi eside, ebukeka nenhle ekuguqukeni okuncane nasekuhlanganeni. Amahlumela amaningi waminyaka yonke asuka ku-rhizome, akha iziqu ezingafinyeleleki. Ingaphezulu le amahlumela lonyaka lihle kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu be-pubescence. Imikhawulo yamagatsha iphetha ngameva.
Amaqabunga alula, mancane ngokulingana kufika ku-5 cm, ubude, okuluhlaza okomnyama onqenqemeni olune-serated we-elliptical sura.
Isikhathi sezimbali sincike esifundeni nasekwakheni isikhathi esifudumele njalo, esivame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka kuze kube yingxenye yesibili kaMeyi. Iphunga lezimbali ezintekenteke nezimhlophe liheha abathutha impova ngephunga lawo elimnandi nelimnandi. Ukugqama kwameva prickly ukuthi ekuqaleni izimbali ziyavula, emboza isihlahla ngeveli elimhlophe. Izinyosi nezimbungulu zicubungula ngenkuthalo izitshalo eziqhakazayo futhi kuphela lapho, lapho izimbali zibuna, kuvela amaqabunga.
Ingxenye edliwayo yezithelo ze-turnip ifinyelela ku-1.5 cm ubukhulu, ifana ne-plum encane, i-tart kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-tannins. Izithelo zimbozwe isikhumba obukhulu. I-pulp imnandi, iluhlaza okotshani. Ngaphakathi kukhona i-drupe, encibilike kancane. Ngokubukeka, izithelo ezivuthiwe zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwenziwe nge-waxy, okunikeza izithelo umbala ogqamile. Izithelo aziweli futhi zihlala emagatsheni kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo. Zivuthiwe ngoJulayi-Agasti, kepha ziqala ukuvuna kuphela ngemuva kokuqandelwa yisithwathwa.
Ngemuva kokubanda, izithelo ziguqula ukwakheka kwazo kwamakhemikhali, zilahlekelwe kancane ama-tannins nama-asidi athile, bese zithola ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Izithelo zameva prickly zibonakala ngekhwalithi ephezulu yokugcina nokuhambisa okungcono. Isihlahla esidala sakha amakhilogremu ayi-10-14 wezithelo, ukuze endaweni yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, ungaba nezihlahlana eziyi-1-2 zalokhu zisetshenziswa, okuphawuleka ngezakhiwo zayo eziwusizo.
Izimbali eziqhakaza ameva.
Izici eziwusizo zameva
Ngabe ngidinga ithuba ezweni - umbuzo oyize. Kumele kube njalo! Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zingezokwelapha, kepha izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha kumele zilungiswe kusuka kuzo izigaba, njengoba izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo ziqongelela izakhiwo eziwusizo:
- izimbali namaqabunga okhula olunameva ziyasebenza eqoqweni nasekusetshenzisweni okuzimele njenge-diuretic in inhliziyoi kanye ne-renal puffiness;
- ameva (i-teyi, ama-decoctions) asiza ekuqhekekeni kwama-capillaries namanye ama-pathologies emithambo yegazi;
- izithelo - umenzeli omuhle we-diaphoretic ne-antibacterial for fevers, izilonda zomzimba zokuvuvukala nezokutheleleka;
- amajikijolo anethonya elihle emzimbeni onesifo sikashukela;
- ithuba lithuthukisa imetabolism ngakho-ke ilusizo kwi-gout, ngoba inamandla okususa usawoti emzimbeni;
- ngokuzimela nakumaqoqo amaqabunga nezithelo, kanye nojusi wameva osetshenzisiwe ekwelapheni i-dysentery.
Ukuthengwa okulungile kwameva aluhlaza
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi, lapho izihlahla zokuthena ukuvuna amagxolo ithuba kusuka kwabanempilo - isiqu esiyinhloko namagatsha abantu abadala. Amagxolo asuswa ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni ezisikiwe, futhi angazinqunywa izingcezu kuphela ezindaweni ezincane ukuze amanxeba adlulisiwe angalulama ngokushesha. Ukunciphisa amagxolo “aphilayo” kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungonakali izinkuni. Lapho lonakele, igatsha lonke liyafa. Amagxolo asikwa abe izingxenye ezihlukene 2-5 cm, omiswe elangeni noma endaweni yomiswe ku + 50 ... + 60 ° С.
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwesisindo (ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) ukuvuna izimbali ithuba. Ama-inflorescence ama-Semi-aqhakaza futhi aqhakaza (kodwa hhayi aqothulwe) ayasuswa noma anqunywe (angagezi) futhi asatshalaliswa ungqimba oluncanyana (kufika ku-5 cm) emthunzini osebeni lokugqekeza, indwangu yemvelo, enye into ethatha amanzi noma iphasela lephepha. Izinto eziwugwayi zihlanganiswa njalo ukuze zingaboli.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza okugcwele, ukuvuna kuqala ishidi eluhlaza. Kuphela kukhethwe amaqabunga amakhulu kuphela, angonakalisiwe. Njengezimbali, zibekwa phezu kombhede futhi zomiswe emthunzini wesilungiswa noma ezomile kumazinga okushisa we- + 45 ... + 50 ° С.
Omncane ngonyaka ka -1 ajike amahlumela kuvuniwe maphakathi nehlobo (Juni). Ngaleso sikhathi lapho amahlumela amasha aqukethe ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezakhi zemvelo eziwusizo empilweni. Zomile kanye namaqabunga. Kungomiswa ngokulengiswa kumaphaneli amancane akhululekile ezindaweni ezinezithunzi kokusalungiswa. Hlola njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukho isikhunta.
Kwelulwa okuningi ukukha izithelo. Kuqale ngoSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithelo eziluhlaza ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-tannins futhi zivunwa ngezinjongo zokwelapha. Lapho kuqala isithwathwa (ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Okthoba) izithelo ezivuthiwe zokujika ziyasuswa. Balahlekelwa yingxenye yama-tannins, babe ngabathambile, ngokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu (okwe-amateur). Izithelo zisetshenziswa njengokuphuza itiye noma ngesimo seminye yemithi eyenziwe ekhaya yezinhlobonhlobo zezifo kanye nokulungiselela ukudla kwasebusika okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali - izinhlaka, izinkonkoni, udoti, izithelo ezinophisi, ama-marinade, utshwala, iwayini, i-aromatization ye-vodka, ama-compotes, ama-kissels, njll.
Izithelo ezintsha zekhishini zingafakwa eqandeni futhi zisetshenziswe ebusika njengomkhiqizo ogcwele amavithamini nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Amajikijolo alungiselelwe (akhethiwe anempilo, ageziwe, omiswe umoya) afakwa efrijini amahora angama-2-3 athelelwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma ezitsheni zepulasitiki agcinwe efrijini.
Kuqala ukuwa ukuvuna izimpande zaphenduka. Izimpande zigezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo, zomiswe kusuka kumswakama ongaphezulu komhlaba bese ekugcineni zomiswa ezindlini zokucoca, okokufakwa kukagesi namanye amadivaysi ahlinzeka inqubo esheshayo.
Ijika liyisitshalo sokwelapha, esinokwelapha namaqabunga, namagxolo, nezimbali, nezithelo.
Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe
Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile (ngaphandle kwezimpande) zigcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma ezikhwameni ezenziwe ngendwangu yemvelo. Isitoreji siyigumbi elinombala omnyama, enomoya omnandi. Izithelo ezifakiwe zisetshenziswe kangcono izinyanga eziyisithupha. Amagxolo nezimpande zigcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3.
Ungakuqoqa kanjani ngokufanele izinto ezingavuthiwe, wenze ukomisa futhi ulungiselele ama-decoction okwelapha, i-tee, i-tinctures, okokugcoba kungafundwa embhalweni othi "Ungaziqoqa kanjani futhi uzomile kanjani izitshalo zokwelapha", "Amakhambi ezitshalo nezitshalo - ingxenye 1 nengxenye 2".
Inani lokubumbana kwamakhemikhali ameva
Ukuqoqwa kwezakhamzimba emeveni aluhlaza ameva kuncike esifundeni, kepha uhlu lwazo luhlala lungashintshiwe.
Ameva aqukethe:
- ama-tannins, aqeda ukutheleleka kwamagciwane namagciwane, asheshise ukukhipha izilonda, izilonda ezimanzi nezilonda;
- ama-organic acid anezindawo eziphikisiwe ze-antioxidant ezivuselela i-peristalsis ye "mathumbu elivilaphayo", inemiphumela ephikisana ne-antiparasitic, i-diuretic ne-diaphoretic;
- ushukela (ushukela, i-sucrose, i-fructose);
- ama-pectins, aqeda i-dysbiosis, akhuthaze i-adsorption yezinsimbi ezisindayo, ukubhujiswa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic;
- uwoyela obalulekile nezinye izinto ezinephunga elimnandi;
- amavithamini, kufaka phakathi u- "A", "C", "E", "B1", "B2", "K", "P", "PP" enza izinqubo zokwakheka kwegazi zijwayelekile;
- ama-macro kanye nama-micronutrients, kufaka phakathi: i-potassium, i-sodium, i-calcium, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-cobalt, iodine, i-manganese, i-chromium nabanye; babamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-enzymatic, ekujuleni kwenqubo yokuphefumula kwamaselula.
Ukunaka! Amakha ameva awakwazi ukugwinywa. I-Amygdalin glycoside, etholakala emathanjeni, iyabola lapho isisu namathumbu besebenza, ukwakha i-hydrocyanic acid, okuwubuthi obunamandla!
Izingxenye zemifino ukhula lwameva, kufaka phakathi izimpande, amagxolo, amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha aqukethe:
- ama-tannins;
- flavonoids;
- ukuguquguquka;
- umunyu.
Izingxenye zemifino zinomphumela olandelayo onempilo emzimbeni njengengxenye ye-decoctions and tinctures:
- antioxidant
- antibacterial
- anti-inflammatory, zinikeza ukugaya okuhle;
- ukulandela
- antidiarrheal.
Guqula izimbali njengengxenye yetiye kanye nama-decoctions anethonya lokwelapha emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi:
- ama-sweatshops;
- i-expectorant (yezifo zokuphefumula);
- antibacterial;
- ukuvuza;
- i-diuretic;
- umphumela we-antianemic;
- yenza kube njalo ukwakheka kwegazi kwezinto eziphilayo.
Isiphuzo esilungiselelwe yikhambi elihle lamakhaza, izifo zekwindla ezihambisana nesifo somphimbo kanye ne-bronchi.
Qaphela!
- Uma usebenzisa ameva prickly ukwelashwa ekhaya, qiniseka ukubonana nodokotela wakho; iliva, yize liqabile, lifakwa emgomeni wabanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba;
- Amajikijolo angadliwa yizingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe;
- Amajikijolo amasha anesisu "esibuthakathaka" avusa ukucasuka kwesisu;
- Umhluzi uyahlungwa bese amathambo asuswa; awukwazi ukugcina ama-decoction nezithelo; amathambo asesimweni se-decoction enza izakhi ezinobuthi;
- Izithelo zifaka imibala koqweqwe lwawo ku-tint eblue, okuhlala izinsuku eziningi, kugezwe kancane kancane; I-enamel ayibangeli ukulimala okusobala, kepha ayimthandi ngobuhle.
Jika - ulungele ukudala uthango.
Ukusakazeka nokutshala ameva
Ungabeka kuphi ameva ecebeni?
Ameva Thorny ngokulinganayo akhula ngokuphumelelayo elangeni, emthunzini nasendaweni ethile. Umhlabathi, uhlobo lwawo (ngenxa yohlelo lwezimpande olungena ngokujulile) cishe awunamphumela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo. Ijika lasendle liyamelana neqhwa lihlehle liye ku-40 ° C, liphathwa kancane ukubuyisa iqhwa. Akadingi ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu okuhlelekile. Kepha "ungumhlaseli", uminyanisa izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokutshala iliva elinameva, kungcono ukuthatha indawo ekugcineni kwengadi noma wakhe uthango, uyihlukanise nokuphumula kwengadi, ingadi yemifino, amajikijolo ngokujula kwesilayidi 1 m noma enye into engaboli.
Iliva elinameva libhekisela kokuzothile (kuthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka) nezilimo zezithelo zokuqala. Yakha isivuno sokuqala kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwengamandla. Kuthiwa ngameva - "isihlahla seva alusoze sanalutho."
Iliva le-Spiny
I-Shrub isakazeka ngembewu nangendlela yemifino. Ekhaya, kusebenza kakhulu ukukusakaza nge-izimpande ihlumela.
Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu ameva, amathambo ayancipha futhi ahlwanyelwe ekwindla aze afinyelele ku-cm cm angama-5 000. Ebusika, enza ukungabi nalutho. Entwasahlobo, kuvela amahlumela anobungane. Ukufakelwa kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla konyaka olandelayo noma eminyakeni emi-2 ubudala. Indawo engaphansi ekhule kakhulu ikhethiwe futhi itshaliwe (ngenkathi kwenziwa uthango) emigqeni engu-1-2 ngebanga phakathi kwezitshalo emgqeni ka-0.8-1.0 m naphakathi kwemigqa - ukuya kumamitha ayi-2.
Uma endlini yezwe kuhlelwa ukutshala izihlahla ezi-1-3, zitshalwe kude nge-1.5-2 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Lapho utshala, intamo yezimpande yesithombo kufanele ihlale i-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, ingxenye esemoyeni inqunywa ibe ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Lokhu kuthenwa okuphansi kukhuthaza ukukhula nokukhula kwesihlahla. Ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kokutshala, izihlahla eziphansi ziphindwa futhi futhi ngasikhathi sinye zonke amahlumela ezimpande zaminyaka yonke asuswa - abuthakathaka, agobile, akhula ngaphakathi, aqhakaza. Zishiya amahlumela aqinile, akhule kahle, akhula phezulu azokwakha isihlahla.
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-5 ubudala, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa minyaka yonke ngoMashi, kususwa amahlumela okuqina ngokweqile kanye namathanga anciphile. Imvamisa, iziqu ezi-4 eziyisithupha eziphambili zishiywe, ezinye zisuswa ngaphansi kwempande futhi ziphinde zenziwe kabusha, kukhethwe amahlumela wonyaka ka-1-2, angena esikhundleni samagatsha amadala angazali.
Ukunaka abathandi bokugoma! Ijika liyisitoko esihle kakhulu; kwandisa ubusika kanye nokuqina kwe-scion ezimweni ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Izifo nezinambuzane zameva
Isifo
Le shrub empeleni ayiguli futhi ayonakaliswa yizinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi (kuyaqabukela) ngesiphethu eside esimanzi, ukubola komqhele obolile kungabonakala. I-fungus ye-monilia ingena pestle yezimbali. Lesi sifo siqala ngamahlumela amasha aphezulu. Ukhula ngemuva kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ukukhula, kepha izithelo ziyaqhekeka noma zibole ngokushesha noma ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa.
Ezimweni zasenyakatho, izihlahla ezithintekile zingalashwa nge-chorus, ngokusho kwezincomo eziboniswe kwiphakheji. Isikhathi sokulinda okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30- 35 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. I-Chorus iyisidakamizwa kuphela esisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi (kuze kube ngu-minus).Ezifundeni ezibandayo, kusengcono ukuba kude namakhemikhali uphathe amahlahla nge-sulfate yethusi (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1%) noma i-Bordeaux liquid, kanye ne-biofungicides Gamair, Trichopol. Futhi ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi, kwanele nje ukufafaza izihlahla ezinesifo ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka sikaviniga noma i-ammonia. Engadini yami yangasese, ithuba aliphindanga lagula.
Uma izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha zizotholakala esihlahleni, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuvikela isihlahlana ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Ameva anameva cishe akaguli futhi awonakaliswa yizilokazane.
Izinambuzane
Ekuhlaselweni kwe-epiphytotic, i-aphid iyingozi emeveni. Ngokuncela ujusi ovela emahlumela amancane namaqabunga, iyakwazi ukuthelelisa ngasikhathi sinye isitshalo ngegciwane le-pathogenic. Uma unikezwe ukuthi ama-aphid avele esenkathini yesikhathi efudumele, amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo.
Uma ama-aphid ambalwa, avele alihlanze ehlathini ngokucindezela okukhulu kwamanzi. Ngokutheleleka okuphezulu ngokwanele, ungaphatha izitshalo nge-biologics (Fitoverm, Aktofit), ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-aphid kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana, noma ulungiselele izixazululo zasekhaya.
Ukwelashwa okuningana ngesisombululo somlotha noma sensipho-umlotha sekhefu lezinsuku ezingama-5-8, ukufafaza ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sokufakwa kwegwayi ngokufakwa kukasipho, i-birch tar kuzosiza ukubhubhisa ngokushesha ama-aphid ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba. Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, sekwephuzile ekwindla (ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga kanye nezihlahla ukuphuma kokuphumula ebusika), fafaza ameva ngesixazululo se-urea esingu-3-5%.
Mfundi Othandekayo! Ujwayelane nenye shrub ewusizo okulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa ngokunakekela. Unezinto zokwelapha - ulwandle. Isimo okuwukuphela kwaso sokusebenzisa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni nasekondleni ukugcotshwa kwezinsuku zokuqoqwa kanye nezomiswa zezinto zokwelapha ezingavuthiwe, izithelo, kanye nokususwa kwamakhemikhali ekunakekelweni nasekuvikelweni kwezitshalo.
