UMarjoram

I-marborous ye-herbaceous perejnial marjoram (i-Origanum mainana) imele uhlobo lwe-Oregano lomndeni we-Iasnatkovye. Endle, isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, e-Europe Ephakathi naseMiddle East. Le mbiza yayitshalwe eGibhithe lasendulo, uMbuso WaseRoma kanye neHellas njengesitshalo sokwelapha, sokuhlobisa nesinongo. AmaGreek ayekholelwa ukuthi i-marjoram inamandla emilingo angabuyisela uthando nesibindi kumuntu, ayekholelwa ukuthi imbiza enjalo ithola iphunga elivela kunkulunkulukazi wothando u-Aphrodite, kulokhu, abasanda kushada babehlobisa amakhanda abo ngezigxobo zemarjoram. AmaRoma ayekholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo i-aphrodisiac enamandla. Namuhla, i-herb herb marjoram esetshenzisiwe kuwo wonke amazwe njengesengezo kwizifundo zokuqala, imifino, amasaladi nezinhlanzi. Le imbiza isetshenziswa okusha futhi yomisiwe. Le isithokelo isetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa utshwala, amakhekhe, utshwala, futhi njengokunambitha uviniga kanye netiye.

Izici zikaMarjoram

Ukuphakama kwamahlumela aqondile futhi aqhekekile ahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.5 m, anombala onsundu. Iziqu zinamakhonkolo phansi. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza wonke aqweqekile noma ama-ovate-ovate, anama-petioles, womabili la mabuso azizwe ampunga. Ama-Oblong inflorescence nawo anezinwele, afaka izigaxa ezinjenge-spessess spike-like a-shape of ovate. Ama-corollas ezimbali ezincane apendwe ngombala omhlophe, obomvu okhanyayo noma opinki. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi noma Agasti. Izithelo iyi-ovoid bushelelezi. Njengomthetho, laba balimi bangezolimo abatshala njengonyaka, obizwa ngokuthi yi-marjoram yengadi.

Khula i-marjoram kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukuhlwanyela

IMarjoram inezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho ihlwanyela enhlabathini evulekile kunamathuba aphezulu wokuthi ngeke aqhume. Kulokhu, lesi sinongo sinconywa ukuba sikhule ngezithombo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi esomile kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 5. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, kuyilapho amabhokisi edinga ukugcwaliswa ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enomhlabathi we-turfy kanye ne-humus (2: 1), lapho kufanele kuthululelwe khona ushoko ochotshoziwe. Ingxube yenhlabathi kumele ikhuphuke kahle, ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa ama-grooves kuyo, ibanga phakathi kwalo okufanele lisuke ku-40 liye ku-50 mm. Ukuze ungcwabe imbewu ku-substrate udinga ama-0,2-0.3 cm kuphela, kanti phezulu afafazwa ngenhlabathi eyomile ngesihlungo. Ibhokisi elingaphezulu kufanele limbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi, emva kwalokho lihlanzwe endaweni efudumele (ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-22 degrees). Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela esitsheni, bese zisusa izitshalo izinsuku eziyi-7 endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-12 kuye kwangama-16 degrees). Ngemuva kwesonto, izithombo kufanele zinikeze lokushisa okulandelayo: ebusuku kusuka kuma-14 kuye kwayi-16 degrees, futhi ngesikhathi sasemini kusuka ku-18 kuye kuma-20 degrees.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ukunisela izithombo kufanele kwenziwe njengoba kunesidingo, ngenkathi kubhekelwa ukuthi i-substrate kumele ibe nomswakama njalo. Futhi, ukukhulula umhlaba ongaphansi kwesiqalo kufanele kwenziwe njalo. Ngemuva kokuba kukhethwe amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-1 ezitshalweni ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi, kufanele atholakale ngesikimu samasentimitha angama-6x6 noma ama-5x5 kufakelwa indawo abamba ukushisa kuyo noma abamba ukushisa. Lapho, i-marjoram izokhula ngaphambi kokufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile. Kodwa-ke, uma izithombo zihlume kancane, kuzokwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-dive. Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zidluliselwe enhlabathini evulekile, kufanele uqhubeke nokuqina kwazo, ngoba lokhu udinga ukususa ifilimu nsuku zonke isikhashana. Isikhathi senqubo enjalo kufanele sandiswe kancane. Izithombo zizobe zikulungele ukutshala lapho zihlala emoyeni omusha ubusuku nemini. Ngesikhathi sokuqina kwezithombo, kusadingeka kancane kancane ukunciphisa inani lokunisela.

Kufakwa i-marjoram emhlabathini ovulekile

Izithombo zeMarjoram zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokuba isithwathwa sokubuya kwentwasahlobo sisele. Ngokuya esifundeni, lesi sikhathi singawa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Uma utshala kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 izithombo ezinkulu nezikhuliswe kahle embhedeni owodwa, khona-ke leli nani lanele ukuhlinzeka umlimi ngenani elifanele lezimbali namahlamvu.

Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle, okufanele ivikelwe ekuphepheni komoya nokusalungiswa.

Umhlabathi ofanele

Lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuba sikhule emhlabathini we-loamy noma wesihlabathi, ngoba sishiswa kahle yilanga. Kungcono ukutshala i-marjoram endaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona amazambane phambilini. Ingaphansi kwesigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokutshala i-marjoram embhedeni wengadi, kubalulekile ukuqala ukulungiselela isiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bambe ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-20, kuyilapho amagremu angama-20 e-urea, amagremu angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 e-superphosphate, isigamu sebhakede lomquba noma i-humus kanye nama-gramu ayi-20 e-potassium sulfate nge-1 metres yomhlaba. Lapho ukumba sekuqediwe, indawo kumele ichithwe ngamanzi afudumele, kuyilapho kuthathwa amalitha ama-5 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

Ukutshala nokunakekela isitshalo esinjalo akusilo umthwalo, kepha ukuze uvikele izinkinga ngesitshalo, kufanele ulandele imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi sitshalo. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele lisuke ku-15 liye ku-20 cm, kanti ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-45. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, imithombo edinga ukuniselwa kakhulu, ngomunye umquba womquba oxhunywe enhlabathini ukuze uthulule kuqala kulolo nalolo. Ngemuva kwalokho batshala izitshalo, zidinga ukuthathwa ngenqwaba yomhlaba, emva kwalokho izimbotshana kufanele zigcwaliswe ngenhlabathi, ehlanganiswe kahle. Isitshalo esitshaliwe kumele siniselwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, izithombo kufanele zikhule ngokuphelele ngemuva kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinsuku zokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, i-marjoram kumele ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile, futhi nayo kufanele iniselwe ngohlelo. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo sezinezimpande endaweni entsha, ngesikhathi sokunisela kuzodingeka zondliwe ngesisombululo se-saltpeter (amagremu ayi-15 atholakala ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi), kuyilapho amalitha ayi-10 engxube yezakhi kufanele ahambe nge-1 metres yobhede.

Ukunakekelwa kweMarjoram

Lapho kukhula i-marjoram emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele uyophuziswe ngendlela yesikhathi, ukhula, ukhulule ubuso bemibhede, ukondle, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni eziyingozi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-marjoram njengezitshalo ezimbalwa zasengadini adinga ukhula olusebenza ngesikhathi kanye nokukhulunulwa kwenhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokuphazamisa kabi ukukhula kwawo kanye nentuthuko.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-marjoram iyamelana nesomiso, ingeyazo izitshalo ezi-hygrophilous, ngakho-ke kufanele iniselwe ngokwejwayelekile futhi kaningi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo kulokhu. Kusukela phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, inani lezinto zokunisela kufanele lehliswe kancane kancane, ngenkathi inhlabathi izodinga ukufakwa umswakama kuphela lapho kuqhuma ukuvela ebusweni bawo. Lapho izihlahla ziniselwa, ingaphezulu lesayithi kufanele lithululwe.

Umanyolo

Uma kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20 ngemuva kokufaka i-marjoram enhlabathini evulekile, kuzodingeka ondliwe ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo sezakhi ezibandakanya amagremu ayi-15- 20 we-superphosphate, amagremu ayi-10 e-urea nenani elifanayo nosawoti we-potassium (kususelwa ku-1 metres yesikwele). Ukondla lesi sitshalo kwanele ukuthi ikhule futhi ikhule njengokujwayelekile.

Ukuqoqa, ukomisa nokugcina i-marjoram

UMarjoram uvunwa amahlandla ama-2 ngesizini, okungukuthi: ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJulayi nezinsuku zokuqala zika-Agasti, futhi ngoSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Lapho uqoqa izinto ezingavuthiwe, yonke inxenye enamaqabunga yesihlahla inqunywa ekuphakameni okungama-60-80 mm ukusuka ebusweni besakhiwo, kusetshenziswa ummese obukhali kakhulu kulokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, utshani bugezwa kahle bome. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingafakwa izikhwebu futhi ixhonywe endaweni enomoya omncane futhi enomhluzi (ngaphansi kombhede noma kufulethi elisophahleni) noma ibekwe emashalofini nakuma-racks, okufanele aqale ambozwe ngephepha. Lapho utshani bomile ngokuphelele, kufanele buhlulwe, ngenkathi kulimale noma amaqabunga aphuzi. Ngemuva kwalokho i-marjoram ichotshozwa ngokuphelele ibe yisimo se-powdery futhi ithululelwe ezitsheni zengilazi, okumele ivalwe ngesivalo. Utshani bugcinwa endaweni emnyama.

Yini okufanele uyitshale ngemuva kwe-marjoram

Njengomthetho, indawo lapho kutshalwe khona izilimo ezinamahlamvu ilungele ukutshala izithombo zezimpande: izaqathe, isithombo, ijika nama-beet.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-marjoram

Ngenkathi i-marjoram isencane futhi ingazange ibe nesikhathi sokuqina, ingagula i-alternariosis. Isihlahla esithintekile sibonisa ukuqothuka kokukhula, kanye namabala amabala amapuleti awo anamaqabunga. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokuqinile esimweni sezulu esimanzi ngokuqina kokutshala. Isitshalo esinezifo kufanele sifafazwe ngesisombululo se-fung fung.

Izibungu zamabhu marjoram ezidla amahlamvu awo zihlala esitshalweni esinjalo. Ukususa izibungu, isihlahla kanye nengaphezulu lomhlabathi ngaphansi kufanele kuphathwe nesixazululo sokulungiselela ukubulala izinambuzane.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-marjoram ezinezithombe namagama

Namuhla, abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela ze-marjoram: izimbali namaqabunga. Ukubukeka okunamaqabunga - isihlahla sinesiqu esiqinile esinamagatsha anamacembe aqhakazekile nenani elincane lezimbali. Ezinhlotsheni zezimbali, izimpande neziqu azinamandla njengaseqabunga, futhi ukugeleza kwezimbali akufani nobukhazikhazi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitshalwa njengesitshalo esibizayo, somhlobiso nesokwelapha. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:

1. IBaikal. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kubonakaliswa ngokukhiqiza. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-0.55 m, izimbali zinombala omhlophe, kanti amapuleti amancane abushelelezi nanephunga elimnandi apendwe aluhlaza.
2. Gourmet. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuphakathi kokukhiqiza kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwayo singamalanga ayi-120. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-0,6 m, amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza obumnandi anobujamo obuyisiyingi, inhlanganisela ye-wax ingaba ebusweni bawo.
3. UTushinsky Semko. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sale nhlobonhlobo yaseRussia sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-130 kuye kwezingama-140. Amakati awakahlafuneki kakhulu, njengomthetho, anombala onsomi kanye ne-pubescence yombala wesiliva. Izitshalo zinyeliswa phansi. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga amaqabunga kukhonjisiwe, futhi umphetho wawo ubekelwe. Ama-Oblong inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezitshalo, amaqabunga namahlumela asetshenziswa okusha ekudleni, kuthi lapho kuqhakaza ukuqhuma, komile.
4. I-Thermos. Ukuphakama kweziqu eziqondile kungamamitha ayi-0,4, anombala o-grey-wesiliva. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza kukhona i-pubescence. Izimbali ezimhlophe nazo zincane impela.
5. Scandi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.6. Amapuleti amaqabunga amancane abushelelezi futhi anamakha aluhlaza okotshani futhi aluhlaza ngombala, akukho ntambo yokugibela ebusweni bawo. Izimbali zimhlophe.

Izakhiwo zeMarjoram: ukulimaza nezinzuzo

Izici eziwusizo ze-marjoram

Kuseziqongweni eziqhakazayo ze-marjoram eziyizinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Ukwakheka kwalesi simila kuqukethe i-zinc, i-manganese, ama-pectins nama-flavonoid, uquqaba, amavithamini A, C no-P, kanye no-oyili obalulekile othunyelwe ngama-hydrate we-terpineol, i-linalool ne-sabinene. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuhle, lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo ezilandelayo zokuphulukisa:

• iqeda izinyo, ngenkathi ilwa nokuvuvukala futhi yenza izinsini nozinyo lwamazinyo ziqine;
• kunomthelela ekukhutshweni kwe-sputum ezifweni zamaphaphu;
• isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo ze-gynecological, ngokwesibonelo, ukungemthetho kokuya esikhathini kanye nomsebenzi wokuzala;
• isiza ukusheshisa ukuhamba kwegazi nokwakhiwa kwamaseli wegazi amasha;
• isiza ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wegaya wokugaya ukudla, ngenkathi kukhona ukukhuthaza ukugaya, ukuqedwa kokuvuvukala emathunjini kanye nokugcwala;
• inomphumela wokugaya futhi isiza ukuqeda izinqubo zokuvuvukala endaweni yesinye;
• Kuyasiza ngokuqwasha.

Itiye lilungiselelwe kusuka kulesi sitshalo: kulokhu, ingxenye yelitha lamanzi abilisiwe asanda kuhlanganiswa ne-2 tsp. izimbali ze-marjoram ezomile noma ezisha, ingxubevunyelwe ivunyelwe ukumnika. I-1 tbsp kuphela. Lesi siphuzo sizosiza nge-migraines.

Uwoyela owenziwe ngesisekelo salesi sitshalo usetshenziselwa ukuhlukunyezwa, i-rheumatism, sprains, izilonda kanye nekhala eligudlayo ezinsaneni. Ukwenza ithuluzi elinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa i-1 tsp. utshwala, imifino eyomile ye-marjoram nebhotela lenkomo elisha. Ubuningi obumpompo kufanele bufudunyezwe kubhavu wamanzi okwemizuzu eyi-10-15, khona-ke kufanele buhlungulwe bese ulinda kuze kuphole. Uma ingane inekhala eligudlayo, khona-ke ngale ndlela kudingeka ukuthi igcobe ikhala layo ngaphakathi. Futhi ngama-sprains kanye ne-rheumatism, umuthi kufanele ugcotshwe endaweni yenkinga.

Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-oyili ebalulekile yalesi sitshalo, ewuketshezi ophuzi okhanyayo onephunga elifudumele ne-tart. Ngokusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwaleli thuluzi le-aromatherapy, ungakhohlwa ngomzwa wokukhathazeka, uvalo, futhi uzwe nokuqina kwamandla isikhathi eside. Futhi, leli thuluzi lizosiza ukuqeda ama-corns, ama-warts nama-keratoses. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa i-olive yamafutha omnqumo namaconsi ambalwa ala mafutha abalulekile, ngale ngxube udinga njalo ukushaya izindawo zezinkinga. Amaconsi ambalwa ala mafutha angafakwa ku-ukhilimu wemilenze nezandla, ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba siba buthambile kakhulu futhi sithambe.

Contraindication

Lapho usebenzisa inani elincane lesitshalo esinjalo, ngisho ne-migraine enamandla kakhulu iyanyamalala, kodwa uma kwenzeka okweqisa ngokweqile, khona-ke izinhlungu ziyoqina ngokwengeziwe. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangcono ekugwemeni ukuchitha imali eningi yama-marjoram njengokulungiselela noma isithokelo, ngoba iqukethe ama-phytoestrogens ama-hormone. Kungcono ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwalesi simila kubantu abanegazi elikhuphukile, abane-thrombosis noma i-thrombophlebitis. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala futhi azidingi ukunikeza izidakamizwa ngokusekelwe kuma-marjoram, kanye nezitsha ezinalesi sitshalo.