Izitshalo ezikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo eziwusizo noma nje ezikhanyayo emakamelweni noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo bezilokhu zibhekwa njengezinkanyezi ezikhethekile. Izithelo zeCitrus, ikofi, ukwatapheya zinoncintisana non-standard ngokuya ngokulima nokuhlobisa - i-Akka Sellova ebabazekayo, esaziwa nje ngokuthi yi-feijoa. Lesi sitshalo esinamaqabunga amahle, ukumangalisa kwezimbali nezithelo ezisebenzayo ezihlotshiswe ngokuhlobisa kwazo ngezinga elifanayo nokusebenziseka kwaso.
Khula feijoa egumbini.
I-Feijoa - ukuqina kwendawo yonke, okumangalisayo unyaka wonke
Izithelo ze-Feijoa eminyakeni yamuva zithandwa kakhulu, izakhiwo zabo zokuphulukisa zibhekwa njengehlukile, kanye nezimpawu zokunambitha ezithile. Ukunakwa kwezithelo ezidliwayo kuholele ekwandeni kokuthandwa kwalezi zitshalo, ngakho kuzinikeza ngomusa.
I-Feijoa - izihlahla zezithelo ezikhula kuphela ezindaweni eziphansi ezomile. Kumhlaba ovulekile ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima awukwazi ukuzikhulisa. Ngokungafani nesiko lesitsha, ukuguqula isimo sokukhula kube isihlahla, lesi sitshalo sivele njengesitshalo esikhulu kakhulu esihlobisa kakhulu esingakhiqiza endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma esikhungweni esingaphakathi endlini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla okuthela izithelo.
Isihloko feijoa - isichazamazwi esidumile sesihlahla sezithelo esimangalisayo Akki Sellova, noma I-Akki Feijoa (I-Acca saleowiana), ummeleli womndeni wama-Akka. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yase-Akka, emboza iLatin America, yanda isikhathi eside ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezitshalo njengezilimo zezithelo. Namuhla i-feijoa ikhuliswa hhayi e-Argentina, eBrazil, e-Uruguay noma eParaguay, kodwa futhi ogwini lweMnyama, olwandle iMedithera, kanye nasemazweni aseCaucasian.
Ngokwezimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa, u-Akka Sellova kufanelekile ukuthi ungomunye w amasiko abaluleke kakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene ezintweni zasendlini. Ukuhlanganisa umqhele omuhle kanye namahlamvu athakazelayo ngezimbali zikanokusho, izithelo ezinempilo ze-feijoa kanye nokuqamba okuyingqayizivele kwezipuni ezinkulu, ama-Akka avelele umncintiswano futhi angajabulisi kuphela ngezimpawu zawo eziwusizo.
I-Feijoa - izihlahla zezithelo, kanye nasekamelweni lesikhala - izihlahlana zezithelo, okuthi uma zifiseleka, zibe yiziqu. Ukusakazeka, amahlumela amancane anama-sparse branching kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuqinile, akha umqhele obukhulu. AmaFeijoa abonakala ngamaqabunga ansundu, akhanyayo, aluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza nge-sheen ecwebezelayo. Amahlamvu amakhulu anele atholakala kumahlumela aqinile aqondile abhekene. Ngobude obungafika ku-6 cm, amaqabunga ama-oval we-feijoa akhula ngobubanzi aze acishe abe ngu-4 cm. Izikhumba ezinesikhumba, aminyene, okuqinile nokuthungwa kwazo okukhethekile kuyahlukahluka ezihlahleni zasendlini zasendulo nezihlahlana. Umphetho wesiliva-grey ongaphansi kwamaqabunga ugcizelela ithoni engajwayelekile yokuguqula imibala yohlaza okotshani.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Acca akuyona enhle kuphela, kepha yehlukile. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lesi sitshalo sijabulela izimbali zikanokusho cishe amasonto amathathu. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezingafika ku-4 cm ubukhulu ezinama-stamens amaningi amade ziqoqwe ezivikelweni ze-inflorescence, ziqhakaza kuphela ngamahlumela amancane. Okumhlophe, okuluhlaza obomvu okwe-pink tint ngaphakathi, amacembe ahlukaniswe ngokumangalisayo nama-stamens amaningi abomvu-athweswe umqhele ngama-anthers akhanyayo. Isikhungo sombali we-feijoa sibukeka njengomhlobiso oyigugu futhi sinwebeka kahle nangamasiko angaphandle kakhulu angaphakathi.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amajikijolo anamaqanda anombala oluhlaza ogcwele umbala wokuqhakaza, ahlala ekhula ngosayizi futhi efinyelela ubude obuhlaba umxhwele be-3-5 cm ubude nesisindo ku-30-50 g. Ukunambitheka kwe-feijoa enamanzi kucacile, kuvame ukuvezwa kuphela ngemuva kokuphrinta okwengeziwe ukwethula kuma-dessert. Lezi zithelo zinokuxubeka okulula kokunambitheka kukaphayinaphu, i-kiwi ne-sitrobheli kunokuqaphela iphunga lazo elivamile. Izici ezinenzuzo zezithelo ze-feijoa zedlula ukunambitheka, ngoba okuqukethwe iodine, ama-asidi asemaphakathini kanye namavithamini kuyawavumela ukufakwa ezinhlwini zemikhiqizo yokudla ebaluleke kakhulu nokwelashwa kwezifo ze-thyroid.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yinhlobo eyodwa kuphela ye-feijoa etshalwe kusiko lamagumbi, kunzima ukubiza isitshalo esifanayo: njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo sezithelo, i-Akka Sellova inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlukile ezimfanelweni zazo zokuhlobisa nezithelo. Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, basebenzisa kakhulu ukuzihlola kwe-pollin endala, icompact, nesikhathi izinhlobo ze-feijoa - "Ubugebengu Bokuqala", "I-Nikitsky elimnandi", "Izibulo elingu-120", "Ojwayelekile", "uHumpbacked", "Superba", njll.
Ukukhula kwe-feijoa ekhaya
Inhlanganisela yokungathobeki nokuhlobisa okuphezulu kwenza isitshalo sika-Akk Sellov sihluke. Lesi sitshalo sezithelo silungele kakhulu ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma enqolobaneni. Kodwa noma ngabe usesimweni esingaphakathi endlini, uma kungenzeka ukuthi unikeze i-feijoa ubusika obupholile, ungaba enye yezinkanyezi eziphambili. I-Akka idinga ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe. Akakubekezeleli ukuchelela okungafanele futhi udinga ukunakwa njalo, kepha ngokuvamile akulula ukukhulisa isitshalo. Ukuqhakaza okuhlala njalo nokuqhakaza okukhanyayo okunama-fruiting kunxenxa konke ukukhathazeka.
I-Feijoa, noma i-Akka Sellova (i-Acca saleowiana).
Isibani se-Feijoa
Akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa ibhethri lekamelo, ingasaphathwa ilinde ukuqhakaza kwayo okunethezeka noma ukuqhakaza izithelo, uma kungekho kukhanya kukhanya kakhulu. Noma ikuphi ukubopha kwesitshalo kuphambene, i-feijoa ibekwa ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanyisa okukhulu kakhulu unyaka wonke, ngisho nasebusika. U-Akka akesabi imisebe yelanga eqondile.
Okuhle kunakho konke, i-Aklovka Sellova ikhula kuma-sill asempumalanga noma eningizimu-mpumalanga, ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika kungcono ukuyihlela kabusha ngamafasitela wendlela yaseningizimu noma inikeze ukubuyiselwa emuva kokugcina amahlamvu.
Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile
Ngenxa yokuthi i-feijoa itshalwe izihlahla zezithelo, zigcina ukukhuthazela kwazo okuhlukile kusiko lamagumbi futhi zingakhula ezimeni zokushisa ezahlukahlukene. Ama-Akka bush awesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, akhula kahle ngisho nasezimweni ezingazinzile. Kepha izitshalo zisahlobisa kakhulu ebumnyameni, ekushiseni komoya okungekho ngaphezu kwama-23 degrees.
Ukupholisa ubusika obumnandi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqothulweni kwe-Akka Sellov. Izinga lokushisa le-Optimum lisukela ku-10 kuya ku-14 degrees Celsius, ukupholisa isikhathi esifushane kuvunyelwe.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, i-aka idinga ukucophelela, ukuthambisa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwezimo zenhlabathi. Ukuze uzuze ukuqhakaza okuningana okuqhakaza nezithelo kusuka kusitshalo, kubalulekile ukugcina izinkomba zomswakama ozinzile, ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuba yome noma ukugcwala kwayo ngokweqile kwamanzi. Phakathi kokunisela, i-substrate kufanele yome engxenyeni ephezulu kuphela. Ukomiswa ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okuyingxenye kwamaqabunga we-feijoa kuphela, kodwa futhi amahlumela. Kungcono ukukhipha amanzi kuma-pallets ngokushesha ngemuva kokunisela.
I-Akka ayidingi ukugcina umswakama ophezulu ozinzile, kepha umoya omile kakhulu awunamthelela ekuhlobiseni kwesitshalo. Ekushiseni noma ngesikhathi sokushisa, kuyalulekwa ukufafaza ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo usebenzisa amanzi afudumele. Amahlamvu ahlanzwa uthuli njalo. I-Feijoa, ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuqhakaza kwayo, ngeke iwenqabe umphefumulo ofudumele.
Ukudla kwe-Akka Sellova
I-Indoor feijoa ithanda ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe womanyolo bamaminerali ne-organic, ukuxubeka kanye namalungiselelo. Nge-Akka Sellov, ungasebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu okufana nezitshalo zasengadini, ushintshe ukwakheka komanyolo kuya esigabeni sokukhula. Entwasahlobo, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo we-nitrogen ne-potassium isitshalo, futhi ehlobo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus, kepha ukugqoka okunesisindo okunzima kusathandwa. Isitshalo siphendula kahle ekusebenziseni izinto eziphilayo, lapho sikhula, okokuqala, ukuthola isivuno, umanyolo wamaminerali kungcono ukuwususa ngokuphelele umanyolo we-organic noma we-biological.
Imvamisa yokugqoka i-feijoa kulula kakhulu ukuyikhetha. Umanyolo walesi sitshalo usetshenziswa isikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukuqhakaza nezithelo.
I-Feijoa ngezitheloUkuthena u-Akka Sellova
Ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa okuphezulu, i-feijoa yangaphakathi izodinga ukuthenwa okujwayelekile. Kunconywa ukuthi uyiqale phansi lapho isesikhula izitshalo ezisencane, kuqala ngokunqamula isiqu esimaphakathi ngekota noma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuphakama, bese kuncipha amagatsha aseceleni ukuthola isisekelo samandla esisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukwakheka kwezimpande kuthinta kabi ukuqothuka kwe-feijoa, amahlumela akamuva nezithelo zezimpande kususwa kangcono uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle sezithelo ezinhle. Uma kufiswa, lesi sitshalo singenziwa sibe sisezingeni elijwayelekile noma senze umqhele ube mqhele, kepha ukunemba kwemvelo komqhele kuvame ngokwanele, futhi ngeke kusikwe.
Njalo entwasahlobo, isitshalo senza ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlanzwa kwendle - susa amagatsha awonakalisiwe, angenamandla, angakhiqizi noma awomile.
Impova ye-Feijoa
Ezimweni zasekamelweni, usizo lomtshali luyadingeka ukuze kusebenze i-Akka. Izithelo zesitshalo ziboshwe kuphela nge-impova yokufakelwa. Inqubo uqobo lwayo ilula impela - izimbali zihlanganiswa ngempova ngebhulashi elithambile elihlanzekile. Lapho uhlakulela hhayi i-parthenocarpic, kodwa izinhlobo ezi-cross-pollinating, ungalindela isivuno kuphela lapho kukhula izinhlobo ezithile zokuhlobisa.
Transplant kanye substrate
Izitshalo ezincane kuphela ezidinga ukufakelwa konyaka. Amahektare we-Adult Sellov atshalwa kuphela njengoba kudingeka, imvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni engu-3-5, ekhetha iziqukathi ezinkulu izitshalo ezizothuthukisa kuzo. Izimbiza ezijwayelekile zilungele i-feijoa - ukuphakama kukhudlwana kunobubanzi.
I-Indoor feijoa ikhula kahle ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke. Kukhethwa ukusabela kancane kwenhlabathi noma ukungathathi hlangothi - pH kusuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-7.0. Ngokuxubana okuzimele kwe-substrate ye-feijoa, enye yezingxube zomhlaba ifanelekile:
- ingxube yesihlabathi, i-peat, i-humus nenhlabathi eyisodada ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 2;
- ingxube yenhlabathi enosawoti, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1;
- ingxube yenhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-turf ngesilinganiso se-3: 1: 1.
Kungcono ukwengeza ukugoba kophondo noma isidlo sethambo ekuxubeni komhlaba we-feijoa.
Lesi sitshalo sitshalwa ngobunono, sizama ukunciphisa ukuxhumana nezimpande, sibuyisela umhlabathi kuphela onenkululeko. Phansi kwamathangi kubeka amanzi akhudlwana. Izinga lokujula kwentamo yezimpande ze-feijoa kumele ligcinwe ngokufanayo. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, izitshalo kufanele zivikelwe elangeni eliqondile.
Izifo ze-Feijoa nezinambuzane
Isidlali sendlu se-feijoa sihlushwa kakhulu ukunakekelwa okungafanele kunezinambuzane. Okuwukuphela kwento eyaziwa ngokuthi i-spider mite, evame kakhulu esitshalweni, kanye namhlopheflies anezihlangu, athanda ukuhlala emaqabungeni anzima ezitshalo ezibuthakathaka. Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane, udinga ukugeza amaqabunga, ukhulise umswakama womoya futhi usebenzise imikhiqizo yemvelo enezinto ezingabonakali kahle. Ukwelashwa ngezinambuzane ze-classical kuyinto efiselekayo kuphela ngesikhathi lapho isitshalo singatheli izithelo.
Indoor feijoa ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Ukufuya kwe-Feijoa
Ukuzala Akka Sellov - umsebenzi ulula. Ngokungafani nalabo esincintisana nabo ngaphakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo, i-feijoa ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu, ukusikwa, ukuxhunyelelwa, ukuhlelwa, ngisho nokuhlukaniswa kwenzalo yezimpande, ukukhetha izinketho zokusakazeka nezindlela zokunambitha kwakho.
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokusabalalisa i-Sellka aka ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, yize izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukayo zezitshalo zomama zingagcinwanga kanye nazo. Imbewu ye-feijoa emincane, kodwa ekhula kahle ingalandwa kusuka ezitsheni ezithengiwe ukudla, uma ukhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe noma ulinde zize zithambe. Kuyiqiniso, inqubo yokuthola imbewu ayilula kangako futhi izodinga ukubekezela: Imbewu ethwetshulwe ngesipuni kanye ne-pulp engahlukanisi ishiywe kunoma yisiphi isitsha ngaphandle egumbini lokufudumala kuze kuqale inqubo yokuvutshelwa, ngemuva kwalokho uginindela lugezwe imbewu kanye nembewu ngokwayo omiswe ephepheni noma emaphepheni. Imbewu ye-Feijoa ingagcinwa iminyaka emibili ekushiseni okungaba ngu-5 degrees Celsius, endaweni eyomile, emnyama futhi enomoya omncane.
Imbewu ye-Feijoa ihlwanyelwa ngokwesiko entwasahlobo, lapho nje amahora okukhanya kwemini eqala ukwanda, ngamapuleti aphansi agcwaliswe nge-substrate ejwayelekile ejwayelekile ehlanganiswe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo nesihlabathi. Imbewu, ikhava ephezulu ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi esingu-4-5 mm obukhulu. Akudingekile ukumboza iziqukathi ngengilazi noma ngefilimu, kepha kusalula kakhulu ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi ozinzile. Ukuhluma, imbewu idinga ukufudumala (okushisa kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees) nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Amahlumela wokuqala we-feijoa avele kumaviki angama-3-4.
Asikho isidingo sokujaha ngamahlumela wokumba. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlukane ube ngamabhodwe ngamanye, kungcono ukulinda kuze kufike okungenani amahlumela amabili amaqabunga esihlahla, futhi uma amahlumela emancane futhi ebuthakathaka, khona-ke ngababili aba-3-4. Ama-feijoa amasha azwela ukunisela nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Izitshalo, noma ngabe zitshalwe kabusha ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, akufanele zondliwe ngokushesha emva kokumba: okokugqoka kokuqala kwe-feijoa yangaphakathi kwenziwa kuphela amasonto ama-5-6 ngemuva kokuntywila izithombo ezitsheni ngazinye.
Inketho yesibili ethandwa kakhulu yokuthola i-feijoa yakho ukusikwa. Izinga lempande yesitshalo liphansi kakhulu. Ukusika kusikwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula kusuka engxenyeni ephakathi yomqhele, kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari. Ama-Semi-lignified cutways kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-10 cm ubude asikwa engela engabonakali kanye nezimpande ngemuva kokucutshungulwa ekukhuliseni ama-accelerators esihlabathini esimanzi, kunikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nomswakama ozinzile, okhulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-25 degrees Celsius. Ahlala phansi ngemuva kokuqothula inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ejwayelekile.
I-Feijoa fruiting iqala kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 - izitshalo ezitholwe kusuka ku-cuttings, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 - etholwe kusuka ezinhlwini zehlahla.
