Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwezihlahla ekotishi lasehlobo, ngoba zinikeza umthunzi nokuphola, zithela izithelo. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu kunesidingo sokususa lesi sitshalo futhi sikhulule isikhala esizeni, khona-ke kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi ungasibhubhisa kanjani lesi sihlahla ngaphandle kokuwasika. Izinkuni ezindala ezinobungozi zingaba yingozi kubahlali. Uhlelo lwezimpande lungalimaza isisekelo uma isihlahla sikhula ngqo eduze kwesakhiwo.
Usebenzisa amakhemikhali, ungenza ngaphandle kwamathuluzi wamandla futhi ususe isiqu. Le ndlela iphephile kwabanye, ngoba izinkuni ngeke zilimaze indlu noma izitshalo, okungenzeka ngokususwa kwesihlahla ngomuthi.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo zendlela yokuchitha isihlahla ngaphandle kokusika
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuzosiza ukuqeda masinyane isihlahla esiphuthumayo. Ngaphambi kokususa izihlahla ezingadingeki, kufanele uzijwayeze nezindlela ezihlukile ezinjengalezi:
- umjovo endaweni yesqu;
- Ukunisela inhlabathi ngamakhemikhali;
- ukufafaza amaqabunga;
- ukusatshalaliswa kwalo muthi kumagxolo esihlahla;
- Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwesihlahla kanye nesiphunzi.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke ukusika isiqu sesihlahla, bese uphatha isiphunzi ngamakhemikhali. Lapho ukhetha amakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukutadisha ekuqaleni ukwakheka komkhiqizo.
Lapho uthenga amakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabheki ukwakheka komuthi kuphela, kodwa nezimpawu zenhlabathi. Eminye imikhiqizo ingathinta kabi isimo sezinye izitshalo eziphilayo, ngakho-ke, uma sesifunde imiyalo ngaphambilini, kuzokwazi ukugwema ukulimala.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Bark
Sebenzisa ama-herbicides ukuqothula izihlahla uzisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ezicutshini zesihlahla. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali amagxolo esihlahla kungenziwa ngokusikeka. Uma usebenzisa izembe, uzokwazi ukwenza i-inclic, ngenkathi ungathathi amagxolo esiqwini. Izindatshana kufanele zibe ngaphezulu kokujikeleza kwesiqu.
Ngokuvamile, lapho welapha amagxolo ngama-herbicides, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Arsenal
- Tornado
- I-Roundup;
- IGlyphos.
Ukuze ulwe nezihlahla ezinqenqemayo nezinamandla kakhulu ezinhlobo zenani eliphansi, kusetshenziswa i-Arsenal. Kufanele usebenzise amaGlyphos ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Lesi sidakamizwa sithathwa njengoshesha futhi sisebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni amahlathi nokuqothula kwengadi, kepha kunobuthi. Akunconywa ukuba seduzane nezihlahla isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuzicubungula; futhi kwenqatshelwe ukuqoqa izithelo ezihlahleni eziseduze izinsuku eziyi-15. ITornado ithathwa njengokhula oluvikelekile ekwelapheni izihlahla. Ithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu yiRoundup, lisetshenziselwa izihlahla zezithelo, amaConifers kanye namahlathi.
Ukunisela inhlabathi nge-herbicides
Ngaphambi kokususa isihlahla ngosizo lwamakhemikhali, kufanele ukhethe ithuluzi elifanelekayo lokunisela inhlabathi. Lapho kudingekile ukususa izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, kufanelekile ukuzama ukunisela inhlabathi ngamakhemikhali. Lapho ukhetha izidakamizwa, kufanele unake iZencor, Prometrine neMeister. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka amagilavu okuvikela lapho unisela izitshalo, kanye nokuvikela umlomo nekhala ngebhandeshi noma nge-respirator.
Izindlela zokubhubhisa izimpande zezihlahla zizokusiza ngempumelelo ukubhekana nomsebenzi, uma usinisela ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ngoba kulokhu izimpande zizomunca umuthi ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitshalo sokubulala ukhula siyaniselwa eduze kwesiqu sesitshalo. Uma ufaka udayi kwizixazululo, kuzoba lula ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi umuthi ocutshungulwa futhi ongasebenzi.
Ngaphambi kokomisa umuthi wezimpande ngamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuqala ufake izithiyo zokhonkolo ezizungeze isitshalo. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezikhulayo eziseduze ngeke luphazamiseke.
Umjovo wamakhemikhali
Isimiso sale ndlela sifana kakhulu nenketho lapho kusetshenzwa amagxolo. Imijovo iyadingeka ebangeni eli-1 m ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha isinyathelo kuwo wonke umsakazo wesibalo ngebanga elingama-5- 10 cm. Ukufaka amakhemikhali ukuze uchithe izihlahla ngomjovo kungenzeka kuphela uma umsakazo wesibambo udlula ku-5 cm.
Yenza lonke uhla lomsebenzi ofanele, unamathela kucebo elilandelayo:
- Lungiselela imishini yokumba imbobo enobubanzi obungu-5-10 mm. Nge-angle engu-45 °, yenza izimbobo esiqwini 4-5 cm esijulile.
- Thatha isiraphu ekhemisi, dweba i-herbicide kuyo (Tornado, Ground nabanye) bese usabalalisa isisombululo emgodini.
- Vala imbobo esiqwini, uthathe inani elincane lomhlaba, uqiniseke ukuthi isisombululo asiphumi egxolo.
Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi ungazicekela kanjani izihlahla ngaphandle kokuzisika, kuzoba lula ukusebenzisa umjovo ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukulwa nezinkuni ezingadingeki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kuzovela ukufeza umphumela oshesha kakhulu uma imijovo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ukunisela amahlamvu
Ukucutshungulwa kwamaqabunga ngamakhemikhali kulungile uma ubungako besihlahla abukhulu (kufika ku-4 m). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungayinisela kanjani isihlahla ukuze isishabalale, bese siqhubeka nokutshala ingadi. Ukufaka amakhemikhali kuhlamvu kuyokwenza isitshalo ukuthi siqale ukufa kancane ngaphandle kokuthola izakhamzimba. Umphumela omkhulu wenqubo ungatholakala uma ama-herbicides esetshenziswa ngemuva kwemvula noma ngokunisela isitshalo. Umphumela wamakhemikhali ngeke ube namandla kangako esimweni sezulu esomile nangokungabikho komswakama.
Ukuze usebenzise i-herbicides ukuze usheshe uchithe isihlahla ngaphandle kokusika, njengezinye izindlela, kubalulekile ngokuya ngemiyalo. Uma ufaka lo muthi kumahlamvu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, uzokwazi ukuvikela ezinye izitshalo emiphumeleni elimazayo.
Okusebenzayo kakhulu ekuphatheni izinkuni yizixazululo zamafutha, ngoba zithakwa ngokushesha ngamahlamvu. Lapho ukhetha lesi sigaba sezimali, kubalulekile ukusebenza nabo ngokucophelela, ngoba ngendlela yokuvezwa kwabo bayingozi futhi banobuthi kunezisombululo ezinamanzi. Ngaphambi kokubhubhisa isihlahla ngaphandle kokusika, kufanele uthenge isisombululo esifanele.
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi unake amathuluzi anjengeTornadoes, Roundup neRoundup Max. Ukuqonda ukuthi umuthi waqala ukwenza kalula, ngoba kulokhu amahlamvu aba nsundu.
Ukulawulwa kwesiqu samakhemikhali
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nesitshalo esingadingekile, kanye nohlelo lwezimpande, kepha kwezinye izimo, inqubo yokufa kwesihlahla izothatha izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.
I-Urea (ammonium nitrate) ibhekwa njengendlela ephephile yomhlabathi. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa into, izinkuni ziyabola, futhi kungenzeka ukumba lesi sigaxa ngokumane kube nefosholo. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isiphunzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi senze izimbobo ezingafika kwezi-10 kuwo, bese uthelela urea lapho. Lapho-ke amabhokisi agcwele amanzi, avinjelwe futhi ashiyelwa ubusika. Uma ufisa, isiqu singashiywa emhlabathini sifafazwe naso. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, lesi sitshalo sizobola kanye nezimpande futhi kule ndawo kuzoba ngokoqobo ukutshala umbhede wezimbali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-herbicides akhethekile kuzokwenza kube lula ukubhekana nomsebenzi. Kuzoba lula ukuyeka ukulahleka ukuqagela kunokubhubhisa izimpande zezihlahla emhlabeni, unaka i-Roundup. Ithuluzi lizosiza ukubhekana ngempumelelo nohlelo lwezimpande, ukhula nokuphazamisa amahlumela.
Kunconywa ukucubungula isiqu esimweni sezulu esishisayo esomile, esinomswakama womoya okungenani ama-50%. I-Roundup iphephile emhlabathini nasezitshalweni eziseduze.
Ukwazi kahle ukuthi umuthi ungafa ini, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukukhulula leyo ndawo esithelweni. Uma kunesidingo sokususa lesiququ, ungazama ukusifaka ngesithelo se-mushroom esidliwayo. Lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukubhubhisa kancane kancane isiphunzi nesistimu yezimpande (kuzothatha iminyaka emi-4), futhi kuzohlala kukhona amakhowe amnandi futhi amasha etafuleni.
Indlela eshibhile nephephile yenhlabathi ukusetshenziswa kosawoti. Uzodinga ukwenza izimbobo zesiqu (njengasesimweni se-urea), engeza usawoti kuzo, engeza amanzi bese uwagcoba ebusika. Usawoti uzodla lesi siga bese usiguqulela othulini. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwanela ukubeka umlilo ngokhuni futhi ushise. Inqubo yokugqwala kwezitshalo izothatha iminyaka eyi-1.5-2. Ngaleso sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ukugcotshwa kukasawoti enhlabathini akudluli okujwayelekile.
Ukuthola ukuthi ungasusa kanjani umuthi ngaphandle kokuwugawula kuzoba lula kakhulu ukugwema umsebenzi oyingozi nezincwadi ezenziwe ngokhuni. Ukubhekana nesitshalo kuzosiza womabili amakhemikhali nezinye izindlela ezithuthukisiwe.
