ICalla yigama lesitshalo esihlobisa kakhulu umndeni womndeni wakwa-Aroidae (Araceae) onamaqabunga amahle nezimbali zemibhede yezimbali. Izwe laseCalla yiNingizimu Afrika, lapho okhokho bethu bezinhlobo zamanje ze-gladioli beza kithi.
© Cillas
UCalla (lat. UCalla) luhlobo lwezindawo ezimanzi ezibekezelela umthunzi noma izitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zasolwandle zomndeni wama-Aroidae, noma i-Aronnikovye (Araceae). Uhlobo luwukuphela kokumelwa kweCalloideae subfamily futhi luhlanganisa inhlobo eyodwa kuphela, iSwingamouse (uCalla palustris L.).
Ububanzi - ukusuka endaweni efudumele kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo zalo lonke elisenyakatho hemisphere. Itholakala ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, isuka eYurophu iye eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Isitshalo se-marsh sihlala osebeni lomfula olunamachibi nemifudlana, ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezinomswakama. Ukhule njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, esisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okuningana, izitshalo zidinga isikhathi sokuhlala (ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi), ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa ngalesi sikhathi kuncishiswa kakhulu; NgoJulayi-Agasti, zidluliselwa emabhodweni amakhulu noma enhlabathini yamahholo okugcina izithombo zibe yingxube enempilo yomhlabathi we-soddy obumba nge-humus, emva kwalokho ukuchelela kuyanda futhi izitshalo zivame ukufakelwa umquba ngokuhlukile ngomanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ekwindla kufanele libe ngu-8-10 °, ngokuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kunconyelwa ukukhuphula kuze kufike ku-12-15 °. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid nezinhlobonhlobo zivame ukutshalwa; Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu yiPerle von Stuttgart (Pearl von Stuttgart) enama-inflorescence amakhulu.
© Eric Hunt
Ukutshala ebhodweni
Nyakazisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithengiwe ku-substrate (shavings) lapho zazigcinwe khona ngenkathi yokuhamba, ubeke nesixazululo somanyolo okhethekile wokukhipha inhlamvu esibunjini amahora angu-1-2.
Ngenkathi ama-tubers "egeza," lungisa ibhodwe bese uligcwalisa nge-substrate.
Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile nokuqhakaza, ama-callas adinga inani elikhulu lomhlabathi, ngakho-ke ngisho ne-tuber encane kunazo zonke idinga imbiza ehlukile okungenani yamalitha ama-2-2,5.
Phansi ebhodweni, beka isikhumbuzo esikhulu esine-4-5 cm, bese uthele enhlabathini yezakhi.
Ukuphakama kwenhlabathi kumele kukhethwe ukuze okungenani u-10 cm uhlale emaphethelweni aphezulu ebhodwe.
Thinta inhlabathi bese uchitheka ngesisombululo somanyolo okhethekile ukusipaza isibani.
Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa lo manyolo wokugqoka ngaphezulu okulandelayo, ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kukhethiwe ngendlela yokuvuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande kanye nokukhula kwezimbali zezimbali zama-corms esigabeni sokuhluma. Okokugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula nangaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo okhethekile wama-corms, ngokwesibonelo, ochungechungeni lwe- “Flower Planet” noma i- “Garden of Mirangaliso”.
Ngemuva kokuthi imbiza isilungiswe ngenhlabathi, ungafaka isitaki kubhahubhu. Kepha okokuqala, itadishe bese uthola ukuthi inamandla aphezulu nokuthi iphansi kuphi. I-calla tuber ibushelelezi (ngokulinganayo) ngezansi futhi ine- "rosette" ecacile phezulu. “Amakhamu” azungeze “ukuphuma” ayiziqalo zezimpande ezizayo. Kuhle uma, ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwe-bulb, la “manqindi” asevele evuvukele futhi amhlophe - lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ishubhu liyaphila futhi lizoqala ukukhula ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokungena emhlabathini. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubeke ishubhu emhlabathini ngo "kuphuma" up.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-tuber ibekwe enhlabathini enomswakama, ifafazwa phezulu ngenhlabathi efanayo yokudla okunempilo. Kunesici esisodwa sokukhula kwama-callas - adinga ukutshala okungashisi, i.e. ama-rhizomes kufanele ambozwe kancane ngumhlabathi, ngoba ukufika okujulile kubangela ukuba zibole. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba lomhlabathi ngaphezulu kwe-tuber kufanele lube ngu-1-2 cm.
Ishubhu elisanda kutshalwa aluniselwanga, bese imbiza idluliselwa endaweni efudumele evikelwe okusalungiswa. Njengoba ama-callas eyizitshalo ezinesithelo esihle, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile. Kwenziwa abanye balimi, ukunisela ama-callas abo kutholakala kuphela esikhwameni kuphela nangamanzi afudumele amile.
Kanye ngesonto, umanyolo wezikhonkwane ungangezwa emanzini wokunisela. Ekuqaleni, amahlumela abukeka njengombala impela, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa azophenduka aluhlaza bese eqala ukukhula ngendlela ekhuthele. Amahlumela avela cishe amasonto amabili ngemuva kokutshala.
© Digigalos
UCalla emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokushesha lapho usongo lweqhwa ludlula, i-calla isilungele ukuyela emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, uthele amanzi amaningi ukuze ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa komhlaba ungabhubhisi isigaxa sobumba, njengoba Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande zesitshalo, yize zibukhulu, zintekenteke kakhulu.
UCalla uthanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo eyi-acidic, ngakho-ke ingxube ye-peat, humus, inhlabathi enamaqabunga nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1: 0.5) ilungele bona. Lapho usuthisa (kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula), khumbula ukuthi umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kuphela ukhulisa u-green green futhi uthinte kabi izimbali. Ubukhulu besihlahla kanye nenani lama-peduncle akuso kuyoncika ngqo osayizi bebhalbhu elitshalisiwe.
I-average bulb (ububanzi 5-7cm) yakha isihlahla esingama-30-40 cm, ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-70. Ingane ikhiqiza amaqabunga ambalwa nezimbali ezingama-1-2.
Izimbali zeCalla ziqala ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Imbali ngayinye igcina ihlobisa isikhathi esingangenyanga nesigamu. Inombolo yama-peduncle kuyo (ngokunakekelwa okufanele) kufanele isuke kwezingu-7 kuye kwezingu-12.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Wazi kanjani ukuthi i-callam iphumule?
Njengomthetho - isikhathi eside iminduze ye-calla isemgqeni ovulekile, kulapho zizokhula khona u-anyanisi. Noma kunjalo, bheka isimo sezulu. Ngaphambi kokubandwa, udinga ukumba isitshalo, hlambulula nezilimo eziyizigaxa bese ufaka i-pantry emnyama emnyama. Musa ukusika amaqabunga, vumela ama-tubers athathe izakhi zokugcina kuwo. Kuzoba lula ukuhlukanisa amasonto namahhafu. Ngemuva kwalokho, unqume ngokuphelele izimpande. Ungahlukanisi izisijana zomntwana ku-tuber kamama, izingane zikhule kancane. Fafaza ama-calla tubers ngamalahle aqoshiwe ngaphambi kokuthuthwa efulethini. Umile ngasikhathi sinye futhi azingcwelise. Tubers kufanele zigcinwe esiqandisini, egumbini lezemifino. Yebo, ama-callas ayophumula emiphongolweni noma kuvulandi evaliwe.
Ukushisa kwesitoreji kufanele kube ngu +2 - + 7C. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ama-tubers azoqhuma.
Isikhathi sokuphumula kufanele sithathe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 (ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuphumula, ama-callas awaqhakaze).
© Zubro
UCalla Care
Bajwayele ukubhala ngeminduze ye-calla: "iyaqhakaza kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli." Akunakuba njalo! NgoDisemba, ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari lapho kuzalwa khona iminduze ye-calla - eNingizimu Afrika - lokhu kuyihlobo, kuyashisa futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyomile. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho i-calla iwela esimweni sokuphumula. Kuvusa impilo ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingangeqi +20 - +22 C, futhi izimvula ziwohloka. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphakeme lokuqhakaza kwe-calla livela ehlobo lethu (ngoJuni-Julayi-Agasti) - ngokulandelana, ebusika obuthambile baseNingizimu Afrika. Kungani uhlukumeza isidalwa esiphilayo ngokulingisa ubusika “bethu” ebusika, ngokubulala uhlelo lwendalo lwezimbali lwezinyanga eziyisithupha? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuyela kumjikelezo we-calla ejwayelekile kusivulela ithuba elisha ngokuphelele - lokuhlobisa ingadi ngalezi zitshalo ezinhle kakhulu. Hhayi ubusika, kodwa uqobo. Zizwe ukhululekile ukukhulula iminduze ye-calla!
UCalla ubizwa ngokuthi “imbali” yesembozo (isembozo), lapho kusongwa “ikhandlela” eliphuzi lesibuko se-inflorescence-cob. Izimbali zangempela ze-calla zincane futhi ziyi-nondescript, kepha zinamakha ngokweqile.. Iphunga labo lifana nephunga le-vanilla.
Musa ukugcwalisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa, musa overdry rhizomes!
Ingxenye engaphansi yeminduze ye-calla ezincwadini ayichazwa nhlobo, noma kukhulunywa ngayo ngandlela thile. Cishe i-calla inama-tubers, noma ama-rhizomes, noma "ama-rhizomes e-tuberoid." Kwavela kwaba lula kakhulu. Kwezinye izitshalo, lezo ezaqhamuka kwi-calla yaseTopiya, ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba iyi-rhizome. Abanye okhokho babo okungu-calla Eliott no-calla Remann banezilimo eziyizigaxa. Bobabili bazizwa bemnandi engadini.
© Hedwig Storch
Izeluleko Ezilusizo Zokumba Nokugcina Imikhondo yeCalla
1. Lapho ugaya futhi uhlanza izilimo eziyizigaxa eziseZiedescian kusuka emhlabathini, ungenzi imizamo - ngale ndlela ungaphula nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu noma izigaxa ezingavuthiwe ezihlanzekile.Izinqolobane ziyavuthwa phakathi nobusika ngokuzihlukanisa nesitshalo sikamama ngokuhlukaniswa kwesikhumba, bese zihlukaniswa kalula. Musa ukusika ama-calla tubers ngommese. Gcoba wonke umonakalo kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokuluhlaza okugqamile.
2. Uma usika amaqabunga eminduze ye-calla, kodwa ungazange usike izimpande - isitshalo sizothuthuka ngokushesha ekukhuleni (ikakhulukazi egumbini elifudumele). Ngakho-ke, ususa amahlamvu we-zaredescia - udinga ukunquma izimpande! Ezitshalweni ezisanda kubiwa, akunconywa ukuba unqamule izimpande noma amaqabunga ngezandla zakho, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekujuleni okujulile ku-tuber noma ukusika izingcezu kuwo.
3. Uma unesikhala esanele egumbini elipholile (ukusuka ku-+5 kuya ku-+15 degrees) (ngokwesibonelo, ekotishi), khona-ke sincoma ukuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokumba, ungasiki amahlamvu kanye nezimpande ze-callas, kepha faka izitshalo emabhokisini noma ezimbizeni. Bashiye kuleli fomu amasonto angama-1-2 ukuze uthole ushintsho olubushelelezi kakhulu lwezilimo eziyizigaxa zesimo esimweni sokuphumula. Kulokhu, izakhi ezivela emaqabungeni nasezimpandeni zizoya ku-tuber. Amaqabunga nezimpande zihlanganiswe ndawonye, khona-ke ungazihlukanisa kalula kusuka kubhavu - ngisho nangezandla zakho.
4. Thola iminduze ye-calla esevele yavumelaniswa nezimo zaseRussia - khona-ke ngeke ube nezinkinga zokusebenzisa ngokweqile, ukubola nokudla kwentwasahlobo kokutshala. Futhi uzokugwema ukudumazeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-peduncle eminyakeni yokuqala yokulinyelwa kweZeedes, okuvame ukwenzeka ngezitshalo ezingenisiwe.
© Fanghong
Ukusakazeka kweCalla
Ama-callas asatshalaliswa yizingane ze-nodule, ezihlukaniswe yiziqalo zesitshalo se-uterine. Isitshalo somama kufanele sibe sibancane, siphile ngokuphelele, sikhule kahle futhi sinokuthula okulinganayo. Izingane zivela izingcezu eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-30. Usayizi wawo usuka ku-0,5-1,5 cm. Amaqhubu anjalo adinga ukukhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa inhlabathi yezakhi ezikhululekile, uthele emabhokisini noma kuma-greenhouse racks. Ama-tubers atshalwe kuma-grooves ajule ngo-6-7 cm, awafafaze ngenhlabathi eyi-3-4 cm.
Endaweni yemitha eyi-skwele eyi-1, kufinyelela ku-500 izingane ezincane kunazo zonke ezitshaliwe. Ngokuqala kweqabunga lokuqala, izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa kabanzi: 6 × 7 cm, (cishe ama-PC angama-300. Ngama-1 sq. M).
Ukukhula okuhle nokukhula okujwayelekile, izitshalo ezincane zidinga: izinga lokushisa eli-16-18 °, ukutshala njalo nokunisela. Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili, izitshalo kufanele zondliwe njalo ngenyanga ngomanyolo we-nitrogen ne-potassium. Umanyolo we-phosphate ngendlela yama-granules afakwa engxenyeni yomhlaba ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwawo.
Ihlobo lokuqala, izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yokungasebenzi, okungukuthi, ziyaqhubeka ukukhulula inhlabathi, amanzi nokondla. Ehlobo lesibili (ngo-Agasti-Septhemba), izitshalo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Isifo
Ama-callas ahlushwa i-mosaic ebangelwa igciwane lamazambane X. Amabala amhlophe osayizi abahlukahlukene avela emaqabungeni ama-callas agulayo, agcina ngokuhlangana abe yimichilo egijima emithanjeni, amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga. Isitshalo esinezifo sikhula sibi futhi siqhume.
I-ejenti ye-causative idluliswa kancane ngejusi. Kusatshalaliswa ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, lapho kungalahli umsebenzi isikhathi eside.
Ama-callas angumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wengadi yakho! Ubumnene babo, umuzwa ocashile ngokungangabazeki uthinta noma yiliphi ikona lensimu! Ilinde amazwana akho!
