Le nhlangano okuthiwa i-conifer ivela eNyakatho Melika. I-Spruce, njengama-conifers amaningi, ivumelaniswa kahle nokuphila emthunzini, futhi isomiso akuyona isithiyo kukho. Ikhula emhlabathini othambile kanye nesihlabathi esimanzi, ifinyelela ekuphakameni okuphezulu kwamamitha angama-40 (okutshaliwe - 25), ihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-100. Lesi sihlahla singatshalwa ngezinsika kanye nembewu.
Uhlobo lwe-spruce luqukethe abamele abaningi, kepha isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sesiliva sincane futhi sihle kunabo bonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayinakuzithoba, ibekezelela iqhwa elinamandla nokungcoliswa komoya, imelana nokushiswa yiqhwa. Ngalezi zimfanelo udlula zonke “izihlobo” zakhe. Endle, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi zihlala eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngamaqembu amancane. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ngasemifuleni nasezintabeni ezintabeni eziseNyakatho Melika (ezifundeni zasentshonalanga). Kwesinye isikhathi indawo abahlala kuyo yizintaba (ukuphakama - izinkulungwane ezingama-2-3 m ngaphezu kolwandle). Umuthi we-evergreen spruce silver spruce ubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu, muhle ngokulingana nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Incazelo ye-prruly yesiliva spruce
I-spruce yesiliva inomqhele obunjiwe, wepiramidi (okhanyayo) onobude obungamamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-8. Amagatsha anamafulethi (i-paws) kuwo anamagquma, ayizigaxa ezivundlile, isimo sawo esijwayelekile sehlisiwe (indala isihlahla, iphansi). Umbala womqhele uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahle kakhulu futhi athandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu “kwesiliva” ngombala wezinaliti. Impela, umthunzi omnyama kakhulu wezihlahla ezitshaliwe (ngenxa yokukhethwa okungapheli). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho amahlumela eyeka ukukhula, ukuqina kwe-grey-blue hue kuncipha, izinaliti zithola umbala ohlaza ojwayelekile.
I-hue yezinaliti ezincane iluhlaza okotshani ngombala omhlophe omhlophe. Izinaliti ezibunjiweyo ezinamasentimitha amathathu zinobuso obungu-4 ezansi. Isiqu sesihlahla sikaKhisimuzi wesiliva esinamagxolo ansundu-grey sifana nekholomu eqondile, ububanzi bayo bungamamitha ayi-1. Ngesinye isikhathi, kutholakala isihlahla esi-2 noma esi-3-trunk. Lapho indala isihlahla, sikhula amagxolo ayo (cishe 3 cm). Isihlahla esidala sibuye sahlukaniswe neqiniso lokuthi sinegxolo le-peel bark. Ngokuqondene namahlumela okotshani, amfishane, akanalutho, umbala wawo uqinile, umbala wawo onsundu-nsundu, uphenduka ompunga ngokobudala. Umumo wezigaxa ezivuthuzayo ongaphezulu kwesihloko somqhele yi-cylindrical. Ekuqaleni ziluhlaza, kepha lapho sezivuthiwe, zithola umbala onsundu esifubeni nge-luster. Emaphethelweni wezigaxa ezandiswe ngesikali se-serated. Spruce unezela minyaka yonke ekukhuleni kusuka 12 kuya 15 cm.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ispruce sesiliva
I-Spruce izokhula kahle kakhulu endaweni enomthunzi omncane. Noma kunjalo, isihlahla esingasindi kakhulu enhlabathini siyojabulela inhlabathi evundile, lapho ukwakheka kwezimpande ezijulile futhi ezinamandla kunengqondo. Ukunaka! Lapho uthatha indawo yesitshalo, akufanele usebenzise ngokweqile isistimu yezimpande, icwecwe futhi inyathele inhlabathi! ISpruce iyasaba amanzi asemhlabathini asondele kuwo, ngakho-ke, uma ekhona, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudonsa “okuthambile” (amatshe amatshe nama-geotextiles enhlabathini). Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibekwe ezingeni lomhlaba. I-acidity eyamukeleka kakhulu enhlabathini ngu-5-4.5.
Njengoba sekushiwo, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sesiliva sitshalwa ngembewu nokusikwa. Umgodi wokutshala kufanele uqukathe umhlabathi we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2), i-peat (1 ingxenye) nesihlabathi (1 ingxenye). Kuzoba kuhle ukufaka i-nitroammophoska (amagremu ayi-100) enhlabathini. Uma ihlobo lishisa futhi bomile, izihlahla ezincane ziniselwa kanye ngesonto - ibhakede lamanzi lesitshalo ngasinye. I-spruce yesiliva, ngokungafani nokujwayelekile, ibekezelela isomiso kangcono. Dedela inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezithombo ngokujulile - ama-cm angama-5 cm anele, lapho ikhulisa izithombo zezulu, isetshenziswa ngo-5-6 cm we-peat ungqimba, ohlanganiswa nomhlabathi, kepha ungasuswa.
Amagatsha asikwa omile kuphela, aphukile futhi onesifo. Izihlahla ezisetshenziselwa uthango zidinga ukuthenwa okuningana. Abantu abadala be-Ate basebenza kanzima ebusika, kepha izinaliti ezisencane zidinga ukuvikeleka ekwindla sekwephuzile nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Eyesi-2 yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala ubusika, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ifakwe ngotshani (6-8 cm) noma i-peat, izihlahla zabantu abadala azidingi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-spruce zesiliva
Uma indawo yefa noma ubunikazi bamakhaya incane, kuzoba kuhle kungakhuli endle, kepha izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezihlukahlukene, ngombala wazo, ukuphakama kanye nokwakheka kwezinaliti. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-brown-grey kanye nesiliva-grey shades zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Edume kakhulu i-spinyce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imude (cishe ngamamitha ayi-10), inomqhele omuhle wobume be-conical. Izinaliti zalo muthi zilukhuni, umbala wazo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kwesiliva. Ngezinaliti ezikhulayo, ithola i-bluer hue. I-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka itshalwa ngohlobo oluthile lwayo; ayiwukhethi umhlabathi nomswakama. Kaningi kube nguyena owenza njengophawu loNyaka oMusha.
Kopa - Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-spruce nezinaliti zesiliva-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umqhele ugcwele, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-7.
Izinaliti ezilula kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo Hoopsii. Isici sayo esiyingqayizivele: ukuze uthole umqhele obunjiwe kahle, eminyakeni yokuqala isihlahla esincane kufanele siboshwe.
Izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezinamamitha ayi-2 zihle kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezincanyana nezisisekelo ze-spruce zesiliva. IDwarf spruce isihlahla esinezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Akuwona nje umude wamamitha, unomqhele omnyama. Kukhona i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-50 kuphela, kanti ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-70. Insizwa idedela izigaxa ezinombala onsomi obekwe emaphethelweni amahlumela. Izihlahla ezinjenge-spruce zibukeka zihle kakhulu futhi zisezindaweni ezihlukile zezwe (ema-rockeries, emagqumeni ezintaba, njll.)
Sikhula kuphi ispruce sesiliva?
Ubuhle be-silvery kusuka eNyakatho Melika. Lesi sihlahla siwuphawu lwezifunda zaseColorado nase Utah (USA). Kubekezelela ukuthenwa kahle, okwenza umqhele ube mkhulu. Ngakho-ke, umuthi kaKhisimusi uvame ukusebenza njenge uthango. Ukwakha imihlaba emihle, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zayo zokuhlobisa kufanelekile Ngokukhethekile abaqambi bemvelo bathanda ifomu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esivamile kithi njengesiliva (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Kukhishwe kwinani elithile lesifunda sokuqala ebangeni laso lemvelo. Lapho, iseceleni kwamafomu aluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza kwesiliva. Lolu hlobo lusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezindawo ezibucayi zamabhizinisi wezimboni.
Eminyakeni engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40, i-silvery spruce ingena ngesikhathi sokuchuma kwayo okuphezulu. Kulesi sikhathi, unombala ogqamile kakhulu. IHeringbone akuyona nje kuphela umuthi omuhle, kepha futhi yisihlahla esiwusizo kakhulu. Ubuhle be-prickly, ngokwesibonelo, basebenzela ama-cosmetologists: bavame ukusebenzisa i-hydrolyte yento, eqoqwa ngemuva kokupompa kusuka kwizixhobo ze-distillation ngengxenye enamanzi. Le nsiza enamandla yokulwa nezinhlungu nokulimaza amanxeba inconyelwa ukunakekelwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba (ukuhlanganiswa kanye namafutha kubandakanya).
