I-bird cherry - ukulima, izinhlobo namafomu

Ama-Cherry abizwa ngezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla nezihlahlana ze-genum Plum. Imvamisa, i-cherry bird ejwayelekile, ekhula emahlathini nasezihlahleni kulo lonke iRussia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-Asia futhi etshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. I-bird cherry isiko elingathembeki kuzo zonke izindlela, akunzima ukuyikhulisa. Ayinciphisi ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukukhanyisa nokunisela.

Phambilini, izinhlobo zezinyoni ze-bird zazihlukaniswe zibe yisihlukanisi se-bird cherry (I-Padus) ye-genus Plum, manje esebizwa nge-subgenus Cherry (Amakhamera).

I-cherry bird ejwayelekile (i-Prunus padus). © Anu Wintschalek

Amagama ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene: IsiNgisi i-bird cherry (isihlahla); ital. ciliegio selvatico; ISpanishi i-cerezo aliso, inani de San Gregorio, árbol de la rabia; yena. I-Traubenkirsche (ukuhumusha osetshenziswa kakhulu kweFaulbaum, iFaulbeere ayilungile); Isi-Turkish idris (isihlahla); Isi-Ukraine i-bird bird, i-cherry yasendle, i-cherry yasendle (cishe ngesihlahla esihlukile); French merisier à grappes, putiet, putier.

Uhla lwemvelo lwe-bird bird yiNyakatho Afrika (iMorocco), iNingizimu, i-Central, i-Western, i-North ne-Eastern Europe, i-Asia Minor, i-Central ne-East (kufaka phakathi izifundazwe eziningi zase China), kanye neTranscaucasia. E-Russia, kuvamile engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eSiberia eseMpumalanga naseMpumalanga, kanye naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kwethulwe futhi kwenziwa ngezifiso emhlabeni wonke endaweni evumayo.

I-bird cherry ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, enothile ngokuvela okusondele komhlaba. Ikhula ikakhulu osebeni lomfula, emahlathini emifula (ama-urems) nasezihlahleni zobungcweti, emaphethelweni ehlathi, esihlabathini, nasezihlathini zamahlathi.

I-cherry bird ejwayelekile (i-Prunus padus). © Axel Kristinsson

Ikhula lenyoni

Ukutshala nokukhiqiza kabusha

I-bird cherry isakazwa: ngembewu, amahlumela, ukubekwa kwezilimo kanye nokusikwa. Ukusakazwa okusikiwe, kusikwa entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap futhi kutyalwe ukuze kube neengcambu.

Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, i-bird cherry ikhiqizwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba (ngenkathi izakhiwo zesitshalo somama zingalondoloziwe). Uma bebengenaso isikhathi sokuhlwanyela ekwindla, khona-ke imbewu ihlukaniswe izinyanga ezine, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingama-7-8 (i-bird bird cherry, i-bird cherry Maak, i-bird cherry kamuva). Bangcwatshwa esihlabathini esihlanzekile, esimanzi, sithululelwa esitsheni, bese sibekwa endaweni epholile. Futhi lapho imbewu iqala ukujiya, isitsha siyacwiliswa eqhweni. Imvamisa, ngaphansi komqhele wezitshalo ezinezithelo, ngenxa yokuzikhulula, kuye kwakhiwa izithombo eziningi ezingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo eneminyaka yobudala emibili.

Iziqeshana ze-bird cherry zimiswe kahle ekwindla, kanye nasentwasahlobo. Umgodi wokuhlwanyelwa kufanele ube ngosayizi omkhulu kangangokuba izimpande zingene kuwo ngokukhululekile. Faka umanyolo wezimbiwa ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile olukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji naku-organic, kepha ungawugqithisi owedlule. Ukuswakama kwabo ngokweqile nokuphezulu kwenhlabathi kungaholela ebumnyameni bokhuni kanye nokomisa kwamagatsha ngamanye. Izitshalo zamanzi ziningi ngesikhathi sokutshala bese ziphinda zibuye izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Esikhathini esizayo, kungcono ukunisela kuphela ngesomiso. Mulch inhlabathi nge-sawdust, humus noma ikhava ngefilimu. Lapho utshala, kufanele unake ukuphakama kwezitshalo, umqhele wazo obukhulu, unikeza umthunzi omningi. Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zingama-pollinators wesiphambano, kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana esizeni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-bird bird ejwayelekile itshalwe kude ne-4-6 m ukusuka komunye nomunye, kanye ne-Virtual bird cherry - ebangeni le-3-4 m.

Lapho utshala, sika izitshalo endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-60 ukuze eziphansi zibeke amagatsha okuqala. Ngonyaka olandelayo, usike umdubuli womholi ukuphakama okungama-50-60 cm kusuka kuyi-tier yokuqala yamagatsha wamathambo - khona-ke kubekwa ihlazo lesibili, njll.

Inyoni cherry Maak (Prunus maackii).

Nakekela i-bird cherry

Yize i-bird cherry ingenakuthobeka, iyakhula futhi ikhula kangcono ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle enomhlabathi omanzi onesizotha. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zinikeza umthunzi omningi - lokhu kumele kubhekwe lapho kwakhiwa izingoma.

Ukuze ube nezithelo eziningi, kungcono ukutshala okungenani izitshalo ezimbili zezinhlobonhlobo, kepha kuqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye: ukuziqhelanisa nokuzala kwenyoni ye-bird kushiya ukufiseleka, ukusaphaza impova kuyinto efiselekayo futhi futhi okudingekile ngayo.

Ama-birdcocks Maak noSiori, abajwayele isimo sezulu esishisayo saseMpumalanga Ekude, abakubekezeleli ukoma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi - kufanele bazoniswe ngokweqile njengoba kunesidingo, kugwema ukugcwala kanye ukomisa komhlaba ozungeze isiqu.

Ukunakekela i-bird cherry kuqukethe ukumba nokukhulula inhlabathi, ukusebenzisa izimpande nokugqokisa phezulu, kususa ukhula, ukwakha nokuthenwa kwendle.

Ungazakhela izitshalo zombili ngesiqu esiphakeme nangesisekelo sesihlahla esinemithi eminingi. Ngokubekwa okuncane kwesigaxa sokuqala samagatsha wamathambo, izithombo zinqunywa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-60-70. Kumahlumela osafufusa asezingeni eliphakathi, amahlumela angama-3-4 athuthukiswe kakhulu, anobuhlakani obufanayo esikhaleni ashiywe. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kwakheka iziqu zemiyalo yesibili neyesithathu.

I-cherry bird ejwayelekile (i-Prunus padus). © Udo Schröter

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-bird cherry ekwakheni

Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezivame kakhulu kwi-horticulture yemihlobiso, izinhlobo zazo ezibongwa ngokuvuleka komqhele, amahlamvu akhanyayo, ukuqhakaza okugcwele nokuhlobisa okuvamile. Zisetshenziswa emaqenjeni nasezindaweni ezizodwa, njengendawo engaphansi komhlaba emapaki ehlathi, ezinye izinhlobo ezitshalwe alley.

I-bird cherry Ssiori (Padus ssiori). © Qwert1234

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-bird cherry

Ama-Cherry abizwa ngezinhlobo ezingama-20 zezihlahla nezihlahla, zivamile eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. IHabitat - isuka e-Arctic Circle eningizimu yeYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia Ephakathi.

I-bird bird ejwayelekile

I-bird bird ejwayelekile (I-Prunus padus), noma i-carpal, noma inyoni - ikhula ehlathini nasendaweni yokuma kwehlathi kwe-Eurasia. Kwezinye izindawo, i-bird bird ejwayelekile ifinyelela olwandle i-Arctic. Isihlahla (esingaphansi kwesihlahla esiningi ngokuvamisile) esingaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-18. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ane-tinge encane eblue, ngezansi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; ekwindla zidwetshwe ngopende, ophethe obomvu, obomvu. Iqhakaza minyaka yonke ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi. Izithelo zimnyama, ziyacwebezela, zinobubanzi obungu-0.5 cm, azinaphunga, zinambitheka kamnandi futhi ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-bird cherry:

ipendula (enomqhele wokukhala)
i-pyramidalis (enomqhele we-pyramidal)
i-roseiflora (enezimbali ezipinki)
i-plena (ngezimbali eziphindwe kabili)
i-leucocarpa (ngezithelo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo)
i-aucubaefolia (enamabala aphuzi emaqabungeni)

I-bird cherry

I-Virginia cherry (Prunus virginiana) - ohlala endaweni eyihlathi laseNyakatho Melika. Isihlahla siphakeme ngamamitha ayi-15, kaningi isihlahla sokuphakama size sibe ngamamitha ayi-5. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi, kamuva i-cherry inyoni ejwayelekile, futhi icishe ibe nephunga. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zibomvu, zingamasentimitha angu-0.5-0.8 cm, ezidliwayo, kancane i-tart.

Izinhlobo ezimangazayo zenyoni ye-bird Virginia:

nana (ngaphansi)
pendula (ekhala)
i-rubra (ngezithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo)
xanthocarpa (ngezithelo eziphuzi)
melanocarpa (ngezithelo ezimnyama)
i-salicifolia (i-loosestrife)

Ama-nzalo ama-bird cherry kanye ne-vulgaris ayaziwa ngokuthi hybrid bird cherry futhi bird cherry uLauha (P. x laucheana). Ebusika hardiness bona ngandlela-thile bangaphansi kwe-bird bird ejwayelekile, kepha emgqeni ophakathi bakhula ngempumelelo.

Late bird cherry

I-cherry bird yasemuva, noma i-cherry yaseMelika (I-Prunus serotina) futhi uhlala eNyakatho Melika, kepha eningizimu kuneNtombi nto, futhi iqhakaza kamuva - ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Isihlahla sifinyelela kuma-30 m ubude. Amagxolo amnyama ansundu anuka kamnandi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zimnyama, zingamasentimitha angu-1 ububanzi, ezidliwayo, ezinophawu olubi olubabayo lwe-rum (ngakho-ke elinye lamagama aseMelika alolu hlobo yi-rum cherry, "rum cher"). Izinhlobo ezimangalisa kakhulu zokuhlobisa ze-cherry bird esephuzile:

pendula (ekhala)
iphiramidi (pyramidal)
i-plena (ngezimbali eziphindwe kabili)
i-salicifolia (i-loosestrife)
i-cartilaginea (iqabunga lesikhumba)

I-Late bird cherry ingatshalwa esifundeni saseMosesi nakwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu.

I-cherry bird yasemuva kwesikhathi (i-Prunus serotina).

Inyoni ye-cherry maak

Intaka i-bird Maak (Prunus maackii) itholakala eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina naseKorea. Umuthi uphakama kuze kube ngu-17 m ukuphakama, okuvamisile ukuthi kube yi-shrub engu-4-8 m ukuphakama. Igxolo liqala ukukhipha amafilimu amade agudlukayo aneminyaka yobudala. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, ophuzi ngokugqamile ekwindla. Iqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izithelo ezingabonakali. Ingakhula ngempumelelo ngisho nasezimeni ze-Urals naseSiberia.

I-bird cherry

I-bird cherry ssiori (Prunus ssiori) ikhula eSakhalin, iziQhingi zaseKuril (igama lendawo yi-Ainu bird cherry), emahlathini asezintabeni aseNyakatho Japan naseNyakatho China. Umuthi ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga aphezulu aluhlaza okotshani, phansi kuyakhanya kakhulu. Amaqabunga asanda kuqhakaza ama-inflorescence abe nombala obomvu-onsomi. Izithelo zimnyama, zinobubanzi obungu-10-12 mm, ziyadliwa. Ezindaweni zezwekazi naseMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho kutholakala khona amathile kanye namaqhwa, ubusika balesi sihlahla buphansi kakhulu - bujwayele isimo sezulu esisekude saseMpumalanga Ekude. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ungazama ukukhulisa izithombo zayo, okuthi ngemuva kokukhuliswa izokwazi ukumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-bird cherry

Izifo eziphambili ze-bird cherry enkabeni yeRussia yindawo enamaqabunga nasesikhathini sepulamu (isifo sezithelo esidalwa yisikhunta se-marsupial). Izinambuzane zingamabhungane we-weevil, aphid, bugs herbivorous, amabhu anezimayini, ama-ermine bird cherry moth, hawthorn kanye ne-harkworms engakhokhelwa.

Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo esinokuzithoba. Sifisela wena impumelelo ekukhuleni i-bird cherry!