Umndeni wakwa-Elderberry ungowomndeni wakwa-Adoksov futhi uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20.
Lezi yizitshalo ezinamakhambi, izihlahla ezingavamisileki, ukuphakama kwawo kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwezinhlanu. Amagatsha amaShoots kahle. Amahlamvu amade. Akubhanqwanga, i-cirrus, okuphambene. Izimbali zimhlophe noma ziphuzi. Izithelo berry emnyama. Zonke izingxenye ze-elderberry zinobuthi, futhi kuphela ngu-blackberry omnyama kuphela onobuthi obuncane, yize yonke into inobuthi ngqo.
Izinhlobo ze-Oldberry nezinhlobo
Blueberry oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Enye yezinhlobo zokuhlobisa. Muthi omude, kepha ungakhiwa njengesihlahla somhlobiso. Amagxolo anomthunzi okhanyayo, othi kumahlaya amancane abomvu. Ama-inflorescence ayizihlangu ezinemibala enokhilimu, amajikijolo amnyama. Ibekezelela isithwathwa kabi.
I-elderberry yaseSiberia imvelaphi yaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Isitshalo esinde kakhulu somhluzi esingamelana nokubanda.
Utshani obudala kuvame kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu naseCaucasus. Lolu hlobo luqhakaza kahle, kepha lunephunga elinyanyekayo. Ingatshalwa ukuvimba izinambuzane eziyingozi.
U-Elderberry Canadian imvelaphi yaseNyakatho Melika. Shrub ngokuhlobisa okuphezulu. Amagatsha aphuzi ngombala, amahlamvu amade kakhulu, izimbali zenziwa ngombala ophuzi futhi zakha izambulela ezinkulu. Kufanelekile ukukhula kumzila ophakathi nendawo.
- Okudumile Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Aurea - entwasahlobo nasekwindla, amahlamvu awo athola umbala ophuzi.
Ubomvu ka-Oldberry noma ubuhlanga livela eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikhula ibe amamitha ayi-5. Amahlamvu ayindilinga, mide, ayinamabili. Ama-inflorescence aphuzi ngokuluhlaza. Amajikijolo abomvu. Lesi sitshalo sikhipha iphunga elibi, kepha siyabukeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unezinhlobonhlobo ezimfishane, kanye no-phuzi nophuzi (umbala we-inflorescence). Lolu hlobo lunobuthi obukhulu.
Sibold Oldberry Izinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude, nazo ezikhula eziqhingini zaseJapan. Isihlahla eside kakhulu esifana ne-elderberry ebomvu, kodwa mude futhi sikhulu kakhulu.
Idumile ngenxa yezinhlobo zayo ezinhlobonhlobo:
- Marginata;
- I-Pulverulenta.
U-Elderberry omnyama noma -ngathi isihlahla mhlawumbe izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezikhula kakhulu endle. Lesi isihlahla mude kakhulu esinamaqabunga e-cirrus ahlukile. I-inflorescences inganikeza ophuzi omncane. Amajikijolo amnyama, anobuthi obuncane kunezinye izinhlobo futhi angasetshenziswa ukwenza ujamu newayini.
Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile:
- Ubuhle obumnyama,
- Madonna,
- ILaciniata.
Ukutshala nokunakekela umdala omnyama
Ngokutshala, kungcono ukhethe izithombo zomuntu owodwa kuya kwemibili ubudala. Inqubo yokutshala imvamisa yenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. I-shrub ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile, kodwa noma kunjalo kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-bush ngeke abe muhle kangako.
Ngokuya kwenhlabathi, i-loams noma i-podzolic subicates encane ene-acid kufanelekile kangcono. Uma ukusabela ku-acidic kakhulu, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala, ufulawa we-dolomite kumele ungezwe kukho, kepha lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili, okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokususwa.
Imvamisa lesi sitshalo sitshalwa eduze nemihlambi yezimpukane, ngokwesibonelo, eduze kwemigodi yomquba, ngoba iphunga likhishwa ngamahlamvu kanye namagatsha axosha izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane.
ILilac nayo inezindawo eziningi zokwelapha kanye ne-contraindication, futhi ngasikhathi sinye isihlahla sokuhlobisa kakhulu esikhula ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile. Izincomo ezikhulayo zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ukutshala i-Oldberry
Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, bambe umgodi ozoba ngama-80 cm ngokujula nengxenye yemitha ububanzi. Ukumba inhlabathi, inxenye yayo engenhla ilahlwa emqubeni owodwa, kuthi leyo ijule phakathi kwesibili. Uma ufuna ukuba nesihlahla somdala, lapho-ke udinga ukushayela isikhonkwane emgodini, ozokwazi ukukusiza esikhathini esizayo. Lapho izihlahla ezikhulayo, ukusekelwa akudingeki. Ibhola lenhlabathi elingaphezulu lihlanganiswa namakhilogremu ayi-7 we-humus, amagremu angama-50 we phosphorus ne-potassium engama-30, bese kuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalomhlaba ithululelwe phansi komgodi.
Ukuze uzivikele ekugcwaliseni ingadi ngokugcwala ngokweqile, udinga ukumba inetha, insimbi noma islayidi emhlabathini cishe ngo-50 cm ukusuka kusiqu.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokutshala, phansi kuyadedelwa bese isithombo sibekwa emgodini. Kuqala, inhlabathi engamanyolo ithululelwa emgodini, obekujulile, bese kuthi okuseleyo kwenhlabathi ngamanyolo kuthululwe. Ngemuva kwalezi zinqubo, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lomhlabathi. Lapho-ke umhlabathi uyaqhekeka uthululele ngaphansi kwesiphuzo ibhakede nengxenye yamanzi. Ukutshala kwe-Autumn kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukusebenza kuka-Oldberry
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukukhathazeka ngeqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo asitholi ukusha okuvela elangeni elikhanyayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ihlumela eliyinhloko namagatsha wamathambo aphathwa nge lime. Futhi, entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukukhipha isibulala-magciwane se potassium permanganate kanye nengadi yezinhlobonhlobo umonakalo owutholwe ebusika ngenxa yezinambuzane.
Lapho kusetshenziswe ukushisa, kuzokwazi ukwenza ukuncipha kwesihlahla, bese sikwenza isibulala magciwane ngo-1% Bordeaux ketshezi, okuzovikela lo mdala ezinambuzaneni. Uma ngabe kuneqhwa elincane ebusika, khona-ke bekungeke kubuhlungu ukuthulula ibhakede lamanzi ngaphansi kwesitshalo.
Lapho ukuqhakaza kuqeda, ngeke kulimaze ukwenza okunye ukwelashwa nge-Bordeaux ketshezi, okuzovikela ngokumelene nezinambuzane kanye ne-powdery hlobo.
Ukunisela kuka-Oldberry
Lapho kuqala ihlobo, izitshalo ziqala ukukhula ngokuqinile futhi zibopha amajikijolo. Ngalesi sisekelo, inhlabathi imvamisa kufanele ikhululwe futhi iniselwe ukuze ibe manzi, kepha amanzi awaxegi ezimpandeni. Uma isihlahla sikhahlela ebusika, khona-ke sizoqala ukushayela amahlumela asuka ezimpandeni esidinga ukusikwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho azokhula ngokushesha kunokuba isihlahla.
Ezinkathini zemvula, i-elderberry ayidingi kuniselwa, futhi ungazivikela kulokhu ngokufaka isikebhe nge-mulch kusuka kumquba. Uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu, khona-ke ukuthambisa kwenziwa kanye ngezinsuku eziyi-7, kuthela ibhakede lamanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Umanyolo ka-Oldberry
Uma inhlabathi yakho inomsoco, khona-ke ungenqaba umanyolo, kepha uma ukhulele enhlabathini ampofu, umanyolo we-nitrogen, osetshenziswa entwasahlobo, ngeke uphazamise. Lokhu, i-organic, isibonelo, imidwebo yenkukhu ilungile impela.
Umdala omnyama
Uma kunemvula eningi ehlobo, khona-ke ukukhula kweziqu kungaphinde kuqale futhi lapho-ke kuyodingeka ukuncipha iziqongo eziphezulu ukuvimba le nqubo.
Njengoba kushiwo, entwasahlobo nasekwindla benza ukuqunjelwa nokuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3 kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthwalwa kokuguga kwamagatsha aze afike ku-10 cm. Kungcono ukufeza lokhu kuthunyelwa kwenqwaba yezikhathi ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokugcwala kwamahlamvu.
I-Elderberry ebusika
Ekwindla, udinga ukuqala ukulungisa isihlahla ubusika. NgoSepthemba, ukusikwa kwendle kwamagatsha kwenziwa. Ngo-Okthoba, kubalulekile ukumba inhlabathi esizeni, futhi uma ekwindla ingenazo izimvula, ngakho-ke kuhle ukunisela izitshalo ukuze zigcwele umswakama ebusika.
Maphakathi ekwindla, ukwelashwa nge-1% Bordeaux fluid noma okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe futhi. Ukuvikela ukubulala izinambuzane eziqhekezayo, ukuphathwa kwama-boles nge-lime noma ushokolethi nge-sulfate yethusi kuyenziwa. Izindawo zimbozwe ngamaqabunga amile noma ama-humus, kuthi lapho kuqala ukuwa kweqhwa, bese ziphonsa iqhwa ezihlahleni zesihlahla.
Ukukhula i-elderberry emnyama kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
IGreatberry ingasakazwa ngezindlela zezinhlobo zembewu. Indlela yembewu ayigcini izici zesitshalo, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuba ibhekwe kuyo.
Imbewu kumele ihlukaniswe namajikijolo ngokuhlikihla owokugcina ngesihlungo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngqo emhlabathini ekwindla, kumisa okujulile okwenziwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa.
Ukusakazeka kwama-cutic we-blackberry
Ukusikwa okuluhlaza kulungiselelwe ekuqaleni noma maphakathi nehlobo - kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-11 futhi kube ne-pair of internode namaqabunga amabili aphezulu, lapho iningi lisikwa, kushiya izingxenye ezine kuphela.
Sika okwenziwe esihlabathini esihlanjeni se-peat, kuxutshwe ngokulingana okulinganayo, phambilini uke waphatha ukusikeka nge-amplifier empandeni yokwakheka. Gcina isibambo ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa, esingakuthola ngokusimboza nge-polyethylene.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, umhlabathi ongaphansi kwezihlahla ezisikiwe udinga ukuthambisa kancane bese amanzi ethelwa ezindongeni ze-polyethylene ukwandisa umswakama. Zama ukugcina amanzi ngaphandle kwamahlamvu. Ngo-ekwindla, kuzokwenzeka ukuthi udlulise izihlahla zisike emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukusakazeka komdala omnyama ngokuhlelwa
Ukubekwa ngenye yezindlela ezinokwethenjelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagatsha amancanyana agobela emhlabathini futhi afafazwe ngenhlabathi, lapho ungangeza khona umquba omncane.
I-lay kufanele iniselwe ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi lapho isuka izimpande futhi iba namandla, enele isizini eyodwa, ihlukaniswa nomzali futhi idluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
Ukuzala kabusha kuka-Oldberry ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukuze uhlukanise indawo yesihlahla ekwindla. Kuhlungwa izihlahla ezinkulu bese zihlukaniswa izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ngeke kube lula ukwenza lokhu futhi kuzofanela ushintshe izembe.
Ukusikeka kuxutshwe namalahle bese kuthi okususwe kutshalwe emiseleni.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngokuqondene nezilokazane nezifo, akumele kube nezinkinga. Lapha kufanele ukusho kuphela ama-aphid.
Ukuze angazihluphi esihlahleni ngokuzayo, ukwelashwa kweKarbofos kungangezelelwa kwisifo sokususa kwentwasahlobo.
Izici zokuphulukisa ezimnyama ze-Oldberry
Zonke izinhlobo ze-elderberry zinobuthi obuningi futhi zimnyama kuphela i-elderberry, enobuthi obuncane, isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye ngokwenza i-canning.
Njengoba amaqabunga, izimbali, amagxolo namajikijolo alesi sitshalo enezinto eziningi eziwusizo, asetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwendabuko, kepha ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngoba uma kusetshenziswa ngokungalungile, ubuthi be-hydrocyanic acid kungenzeka.
Isho ukumiliselwa kwamajikijolo omisiwe kwakusetshenziselwa izinkinga zomkhwenyana namathumbu. Itiye lalisetshenziselwa amakhaza futhi njenge-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial.
I-Foliage iqukethe izinto ezinomphumela we-astringent, diuretic ne-sedative.
I-decoction ye-cortex yayisetshenziselwa i-gout, ukuphazamiseka kwezinso, nezinkinga zesikhumba.
Noma ngabe kunezicelo ezahlukahlukene, weluleka ngokuqinile ngokumelene nokuzelapha, ngoba ungalenza kalula iphutha bese ukhokha kakhulu ngakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungadida kalula ama-wamkulu amajikijolo abomvu namnyama, kanti owokuqala unobuthi ngokumangalisayo.
I-Oldberry black contraindication
Izidakamizwa nemikhiqizo enama-blackberry amnyama akufanele ithathwe abesifazane abakhulelwe, iziguli ezine-colitis, abantu abanezinkinga zesisu, kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo sikashukela nesifo sikaCrohn.
Abaphilisi bavame ukuhlinzeka nge-elderberry njengekhambi le-oncology, kepha abukho ubufakazi bangempela balokhu. Yebo, uma isetshenziswa kahle, lesi sitshalo sinomphumela wokuqinisa emzimbeni, kepha awelaphazi umdlavuza ngokuqondile.
I-Elderberry Wine
Ukwenza iwayini kusuka ku-elderberry, udinga ukuthatha amakhilogremu amathathu amajikijolo, amalitha ama-3 wamanzi, 1 kilo ushukela obunjiwe, amagremu ama-5 we-citric acid kanye namagremu ayi-100 omisiwe angahlanzwanga, newayini le wayini.
Okokuqala, amajikijolo ayahlanjwa, ahlukaniswe yonke imilenze futhi achotshozwe. Thela u-100 g kashukela obunjiwe, i-citric acid kanye namalitha ama-2 amanzi abilayo ku-mass. Konke kuxutshwe kugcinwe imizuzu eyi-15 esitofini ngamandla aphansi.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, ingxubevunyelwe ivunyelwe ukupholisa futhi isisasebenzi. Uketshezi uthelwa ebhodleleni lengilazi ukuze ubiliswe. Isiraphu senziwe emanzini noshukela osele, siyapholishwa futhi sithululelwe ujusi ocwilisiwe, omisiwe newayini le wayini kuyanezelwa.
Lapho konke kwenziwa, kufakwa uphawu lwamanzi bese ibhodlela ligcinwa ebumnyameni futhi lifudumele.
Ekupheleni kokuvutshelwa, leli wayini lihlungiwe kusuka ku-precipitate, lithululelwe emabhodleleni engilazi bese lishiywe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uma ukuvela kuyabonakala futhi ngesikhathi sokufakwa, khona-ke uketshezi kufanele uphinde uhlungwe.
IGreatberry Syrup
Ungenza isiraphu elimnandi kusuka ku-elderberry. Ukuze uthole lokhu, ikilo yamajikijolo ithululelwa ku-400 ml wamanzi, ilethwe kumathumba bese ibilisiwe imizuzu engama-20.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, inqwaba iyakhishwa, kufakwe i-kilo kashukela oxutshwe ku-ketshezi oluyimphumela, lubeke emlilweni kuze kube yilapho lubila futhi lubilise okuncane kuze kube yilapho ushukela uncibilika. Isiraphu sifakwa emabhodleleni noma embizeni bese sigcinwa sivaliwe esiqandisini.
U-Oldberry jam
Ungase futhi wenze kalula ujamu kusuka ku-elderberry. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa amajikijolo noshukela ngesilinganiso esisodwa kuya kokunye bese ushiya amajikijolo ukuvumela ujusi uhambe.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, le ngxube ilethwa kumathumba futhi iphekwe okungenani isigamu sehora kuze kuphekwe, okunqunywa ngokuphonsa ujamu esipikili - uma isakazeka kancane, khona-ke ingathululelwa ezimbizeni.
