Izithelo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwethu futhi, ngokweqiniso, okumnandi kakhulu kuzo ziyakwazi ukuzimela. Sinquma ukuthi sizophatha izihlahla ngamakhemikhali yini, futhi uma sifisa, singitshala isivuno esinemvelo. Futhi-ke, ukunakekela ingadi yakho kuzoletha injabulo engenakuqhathaniswa, kuqonde emuva kwethu, kusivikele ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nokucindezelwa. Entwasahlobo, sibuka ukuqhakaza kwengadi, ehlobo nasekwindla esivunayo, sithokozise umndeni nabangane ngesitshalo esivulekile nesizilimile.
Kepha kuthiwani uma uzungu luncane, kepha ufuna ukuba nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka? Cishe abathengisi abangathembekile basithengisela izinhlobo “ezingalungile,” noma sakhula izihlahla eziningi, kuyisihawu ukusikhipha ecebeni, kepha akafuni ukuthela izithelo, noma umuthi we-apula usukhulile. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuzizwa ungenelisekile ngengadi yakho, futhi kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukugoma. Ngosizo lwabo, singakwazi ukutshala amahlumela asendle, sivuselele izinhlobonhlobo, siphinde sihlanganise ukuguga kodwa sikhule endaweni elula yeapula noma eliphakathi kwe. Ngendlela, ebudaleni kungenzeka ukubatshala ngokunembile - bangama-livers eside phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo. Ukugoma kuzosikhulula esidingweni sokukhipha izitshalo ezingadingekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unesikhala esincane, ungatshala imidwebo yezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izimfihlo zokugoma eziphumelelayo
Ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukugoma, udinga ukulungiselela. Udinga isihlahla esibukhali, ummese engadini wokugoma, i-var var yengadi nezinto zokubopha. Kungcono ukuba nesisombululo se-zircon esine-epin kwibhodlela le-droplet elinyumba - bangabasizi abahle kakhulu bokusinda komgomo kangcono. Futhi-ke, udinga ukusikwa.
Sizoklelisa imithetho embalwa okufanele uyilandele uma ufuna ukuphumelela.
- Ukugoma kwenziwa kuphela emthini onempilo. Izitshalo ezinomonakalo kanye neqhwa, uma zinganqunywa kanye nengxenye yesiqu, azilungile njengesitoko.
- Izimpande zamatshe kufanele zibe ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Izihlahla ze-Apple namapheya zitshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Lapho ugomela izinhlobo eziningana esihlahleni esisodwa, khumbula ukuthi kufanele zivuthwe kanyekanye.
- Izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe zixhunyelelwa ngaphambi kwezihlahla zephayi.
- Izithelo zamatshe kufanele zixhunyelelwe ezitsheni zamatshe, kanti nezithelo zamaphayini kufanele zixhunyekwe ezithelweni zembewu.
- Thatha ukusika kuphela ezihlahleni ezinempilo. Ungazilungiselela ekwindla noma ebusika futhi uzigcine esiseleni noma ebandayo esandeni noma eqhweni.
- Entwasahlobo, ukusika kusikwa ekubonakaleni kwamaqabunga bese kungenwa ngaphakathi ngokushesha.
- Ama-cution e-Scion athathwa kangcono avela esihlahleni esiphakathi ngaseningizimu yesihlahla.
- Umuthi wokugoma kumele wenziwe ngokushesha, futhi izingqimba ze-cambium ezitokisini ne-scion kufanele zihambisane ngokuphelele.
- Futhi-ke, izandla, amathuluzi kanye nokuhlangana kwesihlahla nokusikwa kufanele kube okuhlanzekile.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugoma izithelo
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukugoma kokuqala kwentwasahlobo ngosizo lwe-cutways - ukukopishwa.
Ukuze senze okuchazwe ngezansi kuqondakale kakhudlwana, ake sibheke ukuthi yini is scion kanye nesitoko.
- I-Privoy - Lesi isiqu esizositshala, ingxenye yesithelo somuthi esizayo. Ama-cution e-Scion kufanele athathwe emthini ophilile, nothela kahle. Kungcono ukusika izingcezu kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude.
- Isithaphuthaphu - le yingxenye yesihlahla lapho kuzohlanganiswa khona isiqu; unesibopho sokufakwa ngempumelelo kwezakhi zomzimba phezulu kwesihlahla.
Lapho ugoma, isitoko kufanele siphaphame, nesikhuhlu kufanele silale.
Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela
Lapho usebenzisa ukugoma okunjalo, ububanzi besitoko kufanele bube bukhulu kunobubanzi be-scion. Le ndlela ilungele amasheya amancane, nokuvuselela izihlahla ezindala. Ngesitoko esisodwa ungenza izikali eziningana.
- Kungcono ukusika isitoko ukuphakama okungu-15-30 cm kusuka emhlabathini.
- Isitoko kufanele sihlukaniswe ukuze amafomu wegebe, uma isiqu sikhulu kakhulu, kungenziwa izikhala ezijulile kakhulu.
- Izimbambo kufanele zisikwe zibe yizinso ezimbili.
- Umphetho ongaphansi wesibambo usikwa ngesimo se-wedge.
- I-shank ifakwa kwi-cleavage ukuze amagxolo abo ahlangane, ahlukanise i-scion kancane kuya maphakathi nesitoko.
- Kuyadingeka ukuphonsa isixazululo se-epin ne-zircon kusiza sokugomela ezinhlangothini zombili bese kufakwa ijazi ngesendlalelo se-var var engadini.
- Faka isicelo sokugqoka osinamisile kusixazululo esibuthakathaka sokulungiselela okuqukethe ithusi emgomeni.
Umuthi wokugomela i-spike bark
Okuncane okuxakayo kwendlela yokugomela isiphunzi. Ilungele kahle uma ububanzi be-scion kanye nesitoko kuhluke kakhulu. Esigabeni sinye, ungenza imigomo eminingana.
- Isitoko sinqunywa ekuphakameni okungama-15-30 cm ukusuka emhlabathini nge-engela yama-30 degrees.
- Amagxolo ezimpande enziwe ngendlela eyenziwe nge-T.
- Sika isiqu sibe ama-buds amabili nge-engela yama-30 degrees.
- Faka isibambo ngaphezulu kwegxolo lesiphunzi.
- Ziphatha indawo yokugoma nge-epin ne-var var yengadi.
- Faka ibhandeji eliqinile.
Saddle ngokuxhunyelelwa
- Ingxenye yesiphunzi yenziwa ibangeni elingama-15-30 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
- Yenza ukuguquguquka okuguqukayo esitokisini.
- Kunqunywa ihlombe esiphathweni, kuthiwe kusikwa kuye.
- I-wedge yesibambo ingeniswa ekufakweni kwegxolo ukuze ihlombe liphumule ngokumelene nokusika okungaphezulu kwesitoko.
- Faka amaconsi ambalwa e-epin endaweni yokugoma bese uyiphatha nge-var var yengadi.
- Faka i-bandage eqinile yomoya.
Side ukusikwa ngokuxhunyelelwa
- Isitoko sinqunywa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-15-30.
- Amagxolo ezimpande kanye nezinkuni ze-scion ziyasikwa, ukusikwa kuyasikwa futhi kujule.
- Sika isiqu sibe yizinso ezimbili, wenze izingxenye ezimbili ezivame ukuthambekela ngezansi ukusuka ezinhlangothini eziphambene.
- Faka ukusika kube ukusikwa kwesiphunzi ukuze ukusikeka kufane ngokuphelele.
- Umuthi wokugoma uthambile nge-epin, khona-ke isilili siphathwa nge-var var yengadi.
- Songa indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ngezinto ezibophayo.
Ukugoma okulula kwentwasahlobo
Yenza ngobukhulu obufanayo be-scion kanye nesitoko.
- Sika isitoko kude ne-20-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.
- Kokubili esikhungweni nakwesitoko kwenza ukusikeka okufanayo kufakwe kungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 cm.
- Baxhume ukuze ungqimba lwe-cambium luhlangane.
- Isayithi elisikiwe liphathwa ngesixazululo se-epin ne-zircon, bese kulungiswa i-var var.
- Umuthi wokugoma uboshwe ngokuqinile ngendwangu eminyene.
Ukugonywa Kwentwasahlobo Okuthuthukisiwe
Umehluko kusuka kokudlulile owedlule ukuthi e-scion nase-stock phakathi nendawo enqunyelwe, kwenziwa ama-serifs afanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-scion kanye nesitoko kuhlangana kangcono komunye nomunye.
I-bandage evela ezitshalweni ezincane ezixhunyiwe ingasuswa ngenyanga, kusukela kwabadala ngonyaka. Ungesabi ukugonywa - akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Into esemqoka lapha yikhono. Ngemuva kokugoma inqwaba noma amabili, awungeke ube uchwepheshe, kepha uzogonywa ngokushesha, ngendlela efanele futhi ukusinda kwabo kuzoba phezulu. Futhi ikhono elinjalo, ngikholwe, alisoze laba ngumbala ophakeme.
Ungayipheka kanjani i-var engadini ngezandla zakho
Izitolo nezindawo zegadi zithengisa var var. Uma ungabaza ikhwalithi yayo, lungiselela i-var engadini ngokwakho. Izindlela ezimbalwa zokupheka zinikezwa ngezansi. Ngeke bakwazi ukumboza kuphela izingosi zokuxhunyelelwa kanye nokusikeka kwezinkuni ngemuva kokulungisa izihlahla, kodwa futhi baphathe noma yimuphi umonakalo owenziwa izinkuni - unamathela kahle futhi ugqugquzela ukuqhekeka kwezinkuni.
Uma ufaka i-1 i-tablet echotshoziwe ye-heteroauxin nge-1 kg ye-var kwi-var ebolile kodwa engakabi yiqhwa efrijini, eyenziwe ngokusho kwanoma iyiphi iresiphi, amandla ayo okupholisa amanxeba futhi abambe iqhaza ekwelapheni okusheshayo kokusikwa kuyokhula.
Ungadliwa ukupheka ingadi var
- I-Nigrol putty ilungile ekwelapheni ukulimala kwezinkuni ezinkulu endaweni. INigrol, upharafini ne-rosin ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 1 zifuthelwa esitsheni esehlukile, bese kuthi umlotha wokhuni osenhlabathini kahle ungezwe ku-nigrol oshisayo, oxutshwe, othelwe irosin neparafini. Lokhu kubeka kufanele kufudunyezwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
- I-var alcohol alcohol ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa lapho kubanda. I-Lard ne-rosin kuthathwa ngokulingana kwe-1: 16 bese kuncibilika futhi kuvuse kuze kube yilapho isisindo silingana. Lapho-ke isisindo esiphumela siyasuswa emlilweni bese kuthi izingxenye eziyi-8 zokhuni zotshwala kuthululelwe kulo. Gcina uvaliwe ngokuqinile.
- Iresiphi eshibhile. I-lard, i-wax noma i-parafini ne-rosin ithathwa izingxenyana ze-1: 2: 4, ebilisiwe imizuzu engama-30 ngokushisa okuphansi, bese ithelwa emanzini abandayo. Gcina ephepheni elinamafutha.
- Ikhwalithi enhle kunazo zonke ine-var engadini, eyenziwe ngesisekelo sezinyosi. I-Beeswax - izingxenye ezi-4 nerosin - izingxenye ezingama-20 zidinga ukuncibilika ezitsheni ezihlukile, bese uhlangana kahle bese ufaka ingxenye eyodwa kawoyela onamafutha. Ngemuva kokuthi ingxube isusiwe emlilweni, udinga ukufaka izingxenye ezimbili zamalahle ochotshoziwe kahle. Vele, le ngadi var ingabiza kakhulu, kepha uma unethuba, yipheke.
Sebenzisa amathiphu ethu futhi mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa uzobe ugoma bonke omakhelwane.
